Our changing climate, politics, overshoot, collapse, and how you should focus your effort positively

[@Double0pi]

"The machine of capitalism picks leaders who propagate the machine." You hit the nail on the had with that one, Keith. The reason a lot of institutions push back against permaculture and a sustainable lifestyle in general is that it is inherently anti-capitalist.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

The system is set up to preclude anyone who thinks this way from ever attaining power. Indeed.

[@jpvoxdawg]

The irony is that in socialist and communist countries the problems are worse. The issue isn't a false assessment it's a mislabelling of terms. We don't live in a free market capitalist society at all. This is a crony capitalist system dominated by oligopolistic markets that collude. There is a huge solution to climate change that's staring us right in the face and no one is saying it. Planned obsolescence is a real and documented thing as early as 1950s with light bulb manufacturers. A restoration of the repair man economy by bringing back domestic manufacturing literally fixes our issues over night.

[@gmw3083]

The machine picked inefficient wind and solar. The machine put Al Gore in the White House. Just not as potatus. The machine swings like a pendulum. The machine is alive. The earth serpent eats its tail. You can't stop it from doing what it's always done. The ice age is ending. Rejoice...

[@gmw3083]

The machine picked inefficient wind and solar. The machine put Al Gore in the White House. Just not as potatus. The machine swings like a pendulum.

[@gmw3083]

The machine is alive. The earth serpent eats its tail. You can't stop it from doing what it's always done. The ice age is ending. Rejoice...

[@hanks_backyard]

Good video - love the quote "You can't reason someone out of a position they didn't use reason to get to" - or something to that effect. Keep up the good work.

[@catharinephoto]

😆

[@novampires223]

I will not be around long enough to see this happen but I will continue to plant fruit and nut trees, medicinal plants and hope that it helps someone further down the line.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

“A society grows great when old men plant trees in whose shade they shall never sit.” - Greek Proverb

[@catharinephoto]

it makes one feel a little more effective which is medicinal

[@ellenkracikhoffman9530]

Thank you so much for taking the time to share what you learn with the public. We need more voices like yours to inspire the change necessary to protect our beautiful planet and all the species we share it with. You're doing very important work. Please keep it up.

[@GrowCookPreserveWithKellyDawn]

..."because humanity actually came together to solve them..." thank you.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

As an engineer, the Montreal protocol was amazing. Literally every HVAC, ACU, RFU used refrigerant that would then be banned. The amount of disruption was incredible, but we saw the threat and reacted. We CAN do something like this again. Unfortunately it's now much too late to prevent all impacts, as many things are already sealed in at this point, such as much sea level rise, and who knows how much methane clathrate releases. But we can still act to help. Every decimal of a degree has resounding impacts in the consequences we will have to face. The difference of going to 2.6 versus 2.7 is massive, let alone higher.

[@dentongordon3956]

This is Gods world. He will step in and fix things just in time

[@mrrecluse7002]

@@dentongordon3956I know you're joking.

[@jcriverside]

@@dentongordon3956 SMH - deus ex machina is in literature & film

[@ScottRiddleArtist]

it’s a very important topic. Whenever I bring it up on my KZbin channel, I always lose a few subscribers. Lol. I’ve already started experimenting with fruit trees that are a half a zone to a full zone warmer than what we actually are here. They survived the winter so far so good. i’m in north central California in an interesting mountain micro climate. I have various guavas South American fruit and some Australian fruit that I am strategizing in regards to things warming much quicker than anticipated. I’ve also started getting into quite a few varieties of Indian and potatoes from all over the world. in case a virus comes through and takes out one variety. I will have a handful of others to fall back on including the Jerusalem artichokes. The future is gonna be all about adaptation and being very clever trying to keep food thriving through all the new insects, diseases, and, crazy weather phenomenon. I commend you for not being shy to avoid this topic. Anyone who is connected to the earth and has been for decades knows that the change is happening and it’s happening quickly.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

I'm also an alpine skier ⛷️. If someone wants to know if climate change is real, as a skier who is at least 40+ years old. the older the better. They will tell you.

[@edtremblay6694]

The climate catastrophe is accelerating and getting faster.

[@BespokeByNellie]

Thank you so much for sharing this. I’m sorry if it causes others to turn away from your channel and you lose subscribers. I’m grateful for those of us who need to know how to make a difference, in whatever ways we can. I think being educated about permaculture and all that you share with us is equally important to what you shared in this video and I don’t think they are separate. We need to learn about permaculture; and we need to be aware of the effects of our changing climate and what we can do to help mitigate those changes as we engage in permaculture. It’s not an either or. We need both and I appreciate that you are addressing both on your channel. Thank you. 👩‍🌾

[@ninemoonplanet]

I am part of that accursed "boomer" generation, and my own family members worked in oil and gas. I knew years ago something was going very wrong, not from Al Gore, certainly not from Harper, but from driving a car and noticing something missing. Then a member of the family who worked in the Federal Government department looking at the fossil fuel records over 60 years saw the damage and we got into deep discussions. My uncle still doesn't think oil, gas, coal are making things bad. I told him long before COP the world would agree to reduce, possibly eliminate fossil fuel consumption. He said I was full of crap. What did I notice missing after driving? The windshield was clean. Why? All the insects that were once hitting the windshield had disappeared. Gone. Obviously I am highly unlikely to see the worst, but I do have descendants. I teach them how to reduce ALL consumption, buy ONLY the necessities. Humans are strange, they won't recognize reality until it hits them personally. It's coming. It's now unavoidable. It could be somewhat mitigated. BUT only if we work together. Poilievre has major donors, advocates from Alberta and the US who refuse to face up to the real world of pollution, oceans rising, warming, corals dying, wildlife going extinct. How can anyone miss that? 🤷🤷

[@thomasgreen4009]

What you are seeing is herbicide pesticide damage. Which of course is petro chem products imitating some natural pesticides. But the CO2 story is just that. I see environmental destruction as a large contributor. Cities expanding. We are now in a solar maximum which means the sun is hotter and more radiation is reaching earth. What most will not say is when then volcanoes go off we get global cooling.

[@ninemoonplanet]

Keith I don't have the luxury of thinking only of myself, the country because my niece is of Ukranian descent, my closest neighbours are Palestinian. I can't just shrug off the deaths, starvation, bombs, bullets.

[@annburge291]

You must be deeply worried about all the people you know in these areas. ​@@ninemoonplanet

[@ddhqj2023]

Nobody is suggesting we ignore the other crisis's that are running amok in the world. But the point still remains, that we have to change how we do things if we hope to have a livable planet for your grandkids and theirs after them. It's as basic as 'if we kill all the bees off, we all die because they pollinate the food sources'. 'if we kill off all the whales in the oceans, we all die because their poop fertilizes the sea plants that provide 80% of the world's oxygen'. Those other things you mentioned are important, but they frankly aren't as important in the big picture, as saving the livability of the planet. @@ninemoonplanet

[@lindas8898]

Yes, I've noticed the lack of insects on the vehicle windshields also.

[@TheSpruceBeard]

Turned my youtube comments back on for this one. I know it's not your usual beats, Keith, but I appreciate the vid all the same - it's an important topic to at least be aware of. in spite of being from Alberta, I share your political concerns too. I do not know how the future will unfold for us, but I will keep puttering along with the gardening and composting as best as I can on my tiny slice of suburban land. Your videos have been incredibly helpful in that regard. We don't have a lot of cold climate gardening and permaculture youtubers, so I appreciate you documenting and sharing your journey. Alright, back to lurking.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Thanks! I love the username BTW!!

[@waykeeperfarmandnerdery]

Thank you for making this video. Those of us who pay attention and are willing to adapt when we learn new things, make observations, and listen to science are here for it. ❤

[@RenAtkins]

Hello from Australia, where we have voted in the 'lesser of two evils' party only to watch their actions fail to match their words. I really appreciate you making this content. It's very brave to speak about what's happening in the face of backlash and ridicule from people who don't understand, but in my view it's part of the permaculture ethics. I'm a bit confused by the homesteading 'permaculture' movement in the US, which doesn't look at all like permaculture to me, having done my PDC here in Australia.

[@jcriverside]

The US homesteading movement that uses permaculture methods but ignores principles might be an unlikely combo of lucky choices made that have a patina of patriotism including romantic nostalgia for "simpler" times, undeniability of what's effective & cheap, yet denial, fear, & selective willful ignorance. Not all US homesteaders are like the self promoting ones you're likely to see most though, lol, just the successful ones.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

To me it's no different than religious prqctitioners who have moved completely opposite of the teachings of Christ. Unless Jesus' message was to build walls, isolate the poor, and give tax breaks for the rich.

[@highspiritsfarm781]

All I can do is create a safe place for Nature in our tiny little corner of the world. I was in the protests about the ozone layer in the 1980s. I’m a tired old eco warhorse. All I can do is keep gardening…better than giving up. I’m going down fighting at least. I’m doing my bit with rain collection data being added to a local rainfall study…charting drought conditions, and changing precipitation patterns etc in our area of Ontario.

[@catejordan7244]

Very well put. On the west coast and just trying to create a healthy ecosystem to grow as much food as possible in my yard. I am very worried what the world will look like in a mere 15-20 years. People just don’t seem to understand the exponential changes.

[@TheExperimentalHomestead]

Thank you for your bravery in speaking out on this incredibly important issue even when it may be risky to your following. Everything you said was fact. I myself am a geoscientist and I have seen way too much to deny what is going on. Learning to garden, live low waste, live sustainably, climate activism, preserving, geurilla gardening for the pollinators and regeneration are the things we can do in every day life to help either make a change or at least "brace for impact". This is happening, and I dont think we will stop it. I cherish when I find accounts like yours. I hope to use my platform to speak out on these issues as well so I can follow in your footsteps and be brave and not care what the masses think.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

I have realized over the years that my attention should not be on convincing those who refuse to listen to scientists, but instead wale up more people who simply are unaware. Thank you for the kind words!

[@zianitori]

shoutout to the birds in the background. nice to hear more of them every year

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

My next video was shot at the same time as this. It's a food forest walkabout where you can really hear them, and I talk about things I do to create moments like this where nature is seen in full rebound.

[@gardenscape-NCal]

I could not have said your last minutes closing statements, any better. We are in a very sad state of affairs. Thank you for being brave enough to tip-toeing around this subject.

[@michelfournier2683]

Good to see that you are back, and enjoy your opinions on Climate Change...and Politics. Too many of us still have our heads in the sand and consume consume consume, this is truly unsustainable. The neigh sayers simply don't want to change their lifestyles unfortunately, and in the words of Dr. Michael Gregor, a big proponent of a plant based diet..."What does the Science say?", a large part of our western culture would rather follow the anecdotes of non-scientific influencers, instead of digging a little deeper to be more informed about what is really happening. A truly inconvenient truth. We still have to remain positive though, grind away, lead by example, and just as Tom Sawyer would do, keep painting that fence, until others join in. (or was it Huck Finn) 🙂🙏

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

❤️

[@dom40864]

Trudeau is a tyrant

[@nategrossman2539]

People need to hear data like this explained in a concise and understandable way as sadly most people will never sit down and read anything the length of an IPCC report. I tell people all the time, we have the technological answers to create a sustainable future but we don't have the solutions to the social implications that will arise from legislating and implementing those solutions. Always look forward to your climate change videos. Keep it up!

[@dom40864]

Trudeau is a tyrant is real data

[@nickklassen6962]

Funny how the only mention of climate crisis within the IPCCs latest report is in regards to the wreckless politicized media and the false interpretations given to the public! If only people did read instead of having the media spoonfeed them propaganda points fueling alarmism.

[@ingercesar5041]

Good to talk about what we can do and how we need to live. Those who do not believe in climate change are in no point in convincing. Better to guide those who think we need to make changes in the way we have to live but don't know where to start. Thanks! Inger from Sweden

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

❤️

[@bobbygaglione7553]

Regardless of temperature, if we can get that sweet air quality back that was around during the pandemic shutdown I'm all for it. It's obvious you're aware of risking some of your subs with a video like this, and I really respect that. Thank you

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

I agree 100%

[@woodchipgardens9084]

California, Texas and Australia droughts have ended, how long before fear mongers claim drought responsibility again regarding the cyclical events motivated by Volcanic activity.

[@aprilmrose]

Excellent video as always. Enjoyed hearing about your politics but understand why you don’t usually share. I believe that almost all our problems could be solved through serious community building! Keep being the wonderful inspiration you are! 👏

[@LindaLou-xy6dv]

My husband and I have been enjoying your channel for about a year now and are totally hooked. We have a small farm and have started our own food forest last summer. In your latest video you mentioned social media groups for exchanging good. Can you advise on how to find such a group?

[@moamoa7067]

Happy to continuing hearing about this with an realictic viewpoint from regen ag/permaculture area on yt. I daily feel like im going mad, with the ignorance of the ecological collapse on all levels. Sadly im not as optimistic as you. Im 25, and i have a hard time even find the courage to think of the future, sadly a lot of countries are living in collapsing/frayed societys with even worsening ecological conditions so i should not complain, living cushioned from the harsh reality people are living in. I encourage everyone to find the others; the other worried and concerned enough to act. To build resilience for the now and the future,together with others.❤ remember to love and find the joy in the small things.

[@thomasgreen4009]

Another thought is that if you really wish to stop the process then stop war which is one of the largest contributors of CO2 through the Military Industrial Complex.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

💯 The problem always becomes how do you prevent the rise of fascism when other psychopaths want to take over their neighbours. These hard questions will not get any easier in the future. Right now we have lunatics killing for greed and hatred, but what happens when people are desperate for resources needed for basic survival.

[@rainbowconnected]

@@CanadianPermacultureLegacy That's a tough question. I don't know that we can do much on the larger scale. I think being good neighbors and creating enough abundance in our communities so that people's basic needs are met is probably the best we can do. If people know they can count on the people around them for help and that cooperation keeps them provided for, they'll be less likely to behave in desperate ways.

[@jcriverside]

That thing is certainly in the middle of most of the issues of the day.

[@jcriverside]

Maybe, in some areas. I can't help thinking of recent films like Don't Look Up & Leave the World Behind.

[@dom40864]

Trudeau lines his pockets this way

[@briannacooper2628]

Yes!💯 Science shouldn't have to be political but it is right now. Climate Change is real, happening now and accelerating- our power lays in our choices, knowledge and adaption. Homesteading is the future of climate adaption. Permaculture is the future of climate adaption. Adaption is survival of a good way of life. Thank you for saying it even when you know the backlash will happen- that is brave and so needed.

[@Austin1990]

It is so political because you have companies that don't want their course to change. I feel like humanity in general could fit into that, not wanting dramatic change. Then, you have a ton of wanna-be fascists who want to use climate science to seize power without changing any of the issues or even making them worse. There is not a single politician I know who seeks to actually address issues. We see economically crushing regulations on citizens while their country sells high-sulfer coal to be burned without any environmental concern. We see world trade pushed more instead of leveraging more local production. The world is addicted to the crack of free energy to the point that everything is at peak inefficiency.

[@sweetbizil]

I was just discussing these things with homestead friends last night here in Upstate NY. I have ZERO hope for civilization and next to no hope for humanity in general (unless global collapse happens ASAP), but those facts are irrelevant to my desire to be alive and continue to try to have a positive impact on the world/environment in what small ways I can. I can only focus on the small piece of the world that I have influence on, and that is enough of a purpose and task for one to embark upon in this brief life. Climate change is scary and weather weirding are scary enough, throw on top mass extinction, broadscale spread of new contagions, unrelenting chemical toxification of the freshwater supply and air.... yeesh, I try not to think about it too much for my mental health!

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

And that's not to mention loss of topsoil, phytoplankton collapse, coral reef loss, blue ocean events and an evnetual anoxic ocean, clathrates, extinction levels being 500x above baseline, mircoplastic and forever chemical toxicity, endocrine disrupting foods and fertility impacts, then there are economic issues like demographic bombs, social security shortfalls, US national debt and dollar debasement, etc... We are just piling on the problems and doing nothing about any of them, just plugging our ears and going "nah nah nah nah can't hear you"

[@sweetbizil]

Yep! Truly a fascinating time to be alive. One way I stay sane is taking some kind of masochistic pleasure in being alive to observe what future species will surely consider one of the most infantile displays of greed, ignorance, and disconnection that any known lifeform has showed on this planet to date. Nature is so beautiful though and that daily reconnection also keeps me moving each day. Anyways, appreciate your content after having just rediscovered it after a few years of being MIA. Mental health struggles and all that jazz

[@BespokeByNellie]

I have a question related to small size greenhouses, the size you would put on a small porch deck. We live in a community that includes townhomes, twins, and single family units. Ours is a townhome we moved to after downsizing a few years ago. Only after moving in did we realize that the lawn and trees are treated regularly with sprays and other chemicals. I grew a small container garden the first year, then realized that on days they were treating the grass and trees we had to close windows and avoid treated areas. We opted not to eat anything I had grown (it was not much) because of the winds blowing the chemicals around. Would a small zipper style greenhouse that I can put on my deck work to protect the food grown from the chemicals, the floor of the greenhouse is open to the deck, or would it not be worth it to try because the chemicals would get in. Thanks so much.

[@user-pm7ck6ij9s]

Great video, terrific content, I'm with you here in Canada - but how can we adapt? I am actively increasing rain water storage despite the fact that I (currently) have well water. I am actively growing food indoors and outdoors. I have multiple energy sources (solar generator, wood stove, traditional electricity) so I am not entirely reliant on just one. This past winter I practiced living with much lower temperatures in my home. I walk everywhere I can. I am well past just growing food in my own permaculture 1/3 acre garden - I am trying to figure out how to protect my crops from hail damage for instance. Trying to learn drought hardy varieties so I can plant them instead. Would love to learn more about these options.

[@Meowbay]

Love you man. Speaking my mind. You're not alone. Regards from across the Atlantic, food forest in the Netherlands.

[@stven8363]

Great video, agree with everything you said. I'll be voting green party in the us from now on. I'm just so disgusted with where our 2 party system has gotten us, I'm done with them.

[@tourmaline7742]

I live near the first U.S. town powered by nuclear energy. Last year, the cleanup of the nuclear waste from the 1950’s was completed. It took decades and a lot of tax dollars. We just barely cleaned up the first nuclear city. Let’s not create another just yet. I prefer the hydroelectric power we are using currently.

[@offgridwanabe]

Change is never easy people fight against it as it usually means some short term pain. I mean we can't even convince a lot of people not to throw their garbage into the street let alone giving up their ride for a cleaner one. Thanks for your frank assessment.

[@dom40864]

Trudeau is a tyrant

[@youngbuck5009]

Thank you for the very informative video. I’m in the Detroit 6a area and I’ve been trying to grow perennials that push our zone. My fully Asian persimmon and multiple in ground fig trees had zero damage from this winter. Even after one brief exposure to -9°F in January. I’m looking forward to growing into the unknown future but it’s also terrifying.

[@TheReaderOnTheWall]

I live in a city, as I step on the balcony looking at the smog, I hear in your video "aerosol masking effect". Double edge sword. I've been battling a cough, maybe the smog has a hand in that, but I think i'll go to the community garden later today, it'll do me some good.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Exactly. We need to clean our air for health reasons, but as we do, we will find out where we REALLY are in global warming. The PERMAfrost is already melting (not so perma) and has within it more than DOUBLE the amount of carbon in the atmosphere already. If and when that gets released, it's game over and we will go to 10C or more, and we will have a go at beating the 95% extinction events of our past. It may be 100 or 200 years away, but that doesn't mean we shouldn't try to give the future as long as possible, so they can potentially get into space.

[@liftoffthecouch]

Thank you for adressing this. Things have been getting very scary lately, and it seems like a lot of people aren't seeing everything happening before their eyes. It's so weird that my last, best, hope for the world is in gardening. I would have never guessed that as a kid! 😂

[@JoelKSullivan]

Thank you for bravely speaking out about this extremely important topic!

[@jpvoxdawg]

In the 1950s light bulb manufacturers gathered for a conference. They discussed the decreasing profitability experienced across the board. Why? Light bulbs made back then lasted decades, in fact theres a light bulb thats been on for 150 years. So they colluded and all decided to make their bulbs significantly cheaper by reducing the thickness of their components. By design, this meant the bulb only lasts 1 year. The outcome: customers needed to make more frequent purchases and profitability has been through the roof ever since and hence the birth of 'planned obsolescence'. Fast forward to today and people collect vintage home appliances because they still work and are designed for easy repair when they do break. Herein lies the solution to climate change. More in replies...

[@jpvoxdawg]

The harsh truth is that ALL of our products are designed with planned obsolescence in mind and it happens on an unconscious level. One of the best ways for a manufacturer to gain an oligopoly over their market share is economies of scale. Economies of scale is the greatest barrier to entry for new competitors. It becomes impossible to make a competing product as the volume being sold by the industry leader enables a lower price to consumers. If you're familiar with the invisible hand concept then no further explanation is needed. Nowadays, these industry leaders in all product markets operate the exact same way. One must reduces cost of goods sold to maximize profits as consumer behavior dictates price. This means replacing metal components for plastic, plastic to be cast thinner, metal cast thinner, rare earth minerals to be extracted cheaply (child labour in most the cobalt mines), manufacturing costs to be cut via leveraging the low cost of energy, loose regulations and low cost of labour in the second and third worlds ESPECIALLY Asia.

[@jpvoxdawg]

Today vintage home appliances have appreciated in value. Partly to do with their charm but predominately because they work really well and if they break it's super easy to fix it. I'm born in 94 so the last appliance repair shop was closing it's doors as I was coming of age. From 09 onwards I started noticing an uptick in consumerism and individualism among peers. Possessions became tied to status and suddenly a 16 year old me was questioning why everyone needs to get a new phone every year. It just keeps getting worse. As Westerners we all consume too much. That's the issue. The green transition is going to take too long to save us from severe impact. So governments posture like they're helping accelerate the green transition through taxation and it couldn't be further from reality. The real environmental benefit to higher cost of carbon is a reduction in consumption from the bottom of the socioeconomic scale. As per usual the elites run the world because by definition we live in a corporate crony capitalist system. They get final say which is to transfer emissions to China or the Asian Pacific region and increase tax to push the poor to consume less. They do so going from conference to conference in a private jet.

[@jpvoxdawg]

The beauty is that the real actual solution is staring at us right in the face. Bring back domestic manufacturing and mandate a 25 year free warranty. We can easily make products that last 100 years. Sure you're looking at $500 for a toaster but it will be the only one you'll ever need to buy. When you actually sit down and do the math on this it is mind boggling how effective this is as a solution. Especially right now when we're on the cusp of AI dominant workforce. I actually feel bad for China and the way the west have put so much pressure on them for action on climate change. They are making YOUR shit. Made by YOUR corporations. In the case of Australia they're also recycling all of YOUR plastic for you because you can't be assed to pay for the infrastructure and because recycling plastics is absolutely terrible for CO² emissions. Let me repeat that for the pseudo-hippies; recycling through your municipalities is terrible for climate change. In many cases it's almost BETTER to go to landfill. So recycling is not your scapegoat around this one. We simply need to consume less and achieving that through increased cost of living will only backfire as you give the Trumps of the world power.

[@jpvoxdawg]

Google carbon footprint of the world's elites. If we restore the repairman economy just for white goods alone we reduce that carbon footprint dramatically. Green purchases buy you status in a world where virtue signalling is just as good as being virtuous, this is our best solution that no one is talking about.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Damn, you are cookin! Preach!!! 💯

[@mariaamparoolivergarza8933]

Thank you and all the way in with you. I like gardening, I follow permaculture principles as much as I can (the system is hard to get out of), and also think more information should be shared and made simple.

[@cherylwhite1920]

Hello from Kansas. Thanks so much for your thoughtful and scientific explanation of climate change. We are making a food forest in our yard--front and back--based on your encouraging "everyone" to do so!!! I also watch Doug Tallamy, too, who encourages the planting of beneficial plants. Thanks so much for providing positive and actionable choices to pessimistic and discouraging realities. Stay strong

[@mmraike]

Thank you for another intelligent video. I know some people here think that voting for the Green Party is a waste of a vote, and I am considering a strategic vote against Poilievre, but in the past few elections, both federal and provincial, I have voted Green. I hope to at least strengthen that party and shore them up for the future. There may be future elections with far more at stake. Also, importantly, I voiced my support for bill M-86 (electoral reform). We really need to completely overhaul our electoral system on a deeper level, but M-86 would have been a start. Personally, I would like a qualified version of direct democracy wherein citizens could vote on the issues - after having passed a factual test to prove that they thoroughly understand the data on that specific issue. We have the tech to implement this. What we have now is more akin to a team sports event. North American politics highjacks people's limbic system. It's a distracting competition between various cults of personalities. We're being treated like - and we're collectively responding like juveniles. Anyway, I really appreciate your videos.

[@jcriverside]

All that is interesting, even good, I've even done similar here in US, but the tech to prove that they understand... IDK about Canada, but can you qualify voting rights that way? I believe southern states in the US tried that sort of thing for a while on an analog level after our (1st?) civil war - many a good idea can be/has been twisted into something ugly. Truely sorry to be so cynical.

[@lesleannhine6662]

yes active and loud. Let's make the next election about the climate. There is nothing more important. I just found this group Talk Climate, just yesterday and find it to explain the climate very clearly.

[@datwuballa31]

Thank you for this video! I have been needing a science first gardening channel

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Don't we all!!!

[@dano956]

I would vote for you Keith

[@Wanhope2]

Would love to see some episodes about dry gardening, drought resistant soil and plants, etc

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Unfortunately, that's just not my reality so I have zero experience on that topic. I try to only speak about what I have experience in, as an ethical point. I hate the misinformation on the internet, and I don't want any part in spreading any - so if I don't fully understand something, I don't talk about it.

[@jcriverside]

Thanks for doing this. You're absolutely right about everything. Here in the US we have complete sh*t choices & a very determined & often willfully unaware opposition to a livable future for kids today.The denial on all sides is insane. I went to a panel discussion with some respected climate activists/scientists last year during climate week. It became a cringy hot mess regarding identity politics briefly, then went on to become one of the most depressing events I've ever attended. I have respect for the activists, particularly those that put their well being on the line, but 20th century type establishment approved (in US) activism simply is NOT working. At that meeting we listened to a celebrated boomer environmental author chastise those who didn't want to vote for the on the surface less worse political party whose leader was approving more drilling, among other things. When I look at who's served up to us as "leaders" in almost all aspects of society, I feel like I'm in some twisted reality show. Climate crisis aware billionaires consult with experts on how to shock collar their security personnel in case they rebel at the safe island/compound. Have you read Ministry for the Future by Kim Stanley Robinson? It's fiction, for now. If you do another one of these, could it be maybe something along the lines of Reasons for Optimism? Meanwhile, I look forward to more time out in the food forest this year. It's been a long winter.

[@lyndonbarsten393]

Very good communication for regular people.

[@julia.7.7]

Thank You for a great video. Honestly, my personal motivation behind my garden is even more simple - most of the fruits in supermarkets in Germany taste like sh..t and are often moldy. Today we know that some types of mold on food leading to a cancer (look up for mold on peanuts ;))... Since I was born in a country with own grown ecologically clean food and used to tasty and healthy stuff - I have no other choice as to grow own fruits and berries and few salads and veggies on top.

[@denissesheartyhomestead]

I do believe in climate change and look forward to understanding how its measured. thank you for the info and education you are doing specially bc you give sources.

[@aroukspondaik4455]

Very good spoken!We need more and wisest people and leaders!

[@guymarquardt1618]

Couldn't agree with you more! All of our political choices are a joke!

[@lindalisting7338]

Thank you for addressing this important issue.

[@jerryhoefs5803]

Great wisdom in your words Keith! Thank you.

[@carolewarner101]

I deeply appreciate the courage you have to make this video, especially given the demographics of much of your audience/followers' political leanings.

[@d.w.stratton4078]

Keith, love your content man, wish I had half the give-a-damn you do to get my yard turned into a food forest. Kinda glad I don't because my ex is forcing the sale of the house so I'd have lost it anyway and it would suck so much to have all that hard work invested and then have it yanked. Next time I settle long-term somewhere I'm putting down roots metaphorically and literally and I'm gonna follow step-by-step guides from you, Paul Wheaton, and a few other giants. I must take exception to your comment about nuclear power here: the power production itself is quite efficient once the fuel is at the plant and the power is being produced, but there's a BIG problem on the front and back end. On the front end, uranium mines are almost always placed in indigenous land (well, really if you think about it, ALL of North America is indigenous land, but I mean on reservations and specific sacred sites). Harvesting it is very dirty and results in contamination of the site. This is a major affront to first peoples, and Canada and America both have REALLY bad track records with giving much of a damn about their native people. The problem on the back end is: what do we do with the depleted fuel? Nobody wants it stored anywhere near them after stories of contaminated ground water resulting from leaks, etc. etc. Moreover, if there is a profit-centric motive behind the power production, power plants will ALWAYS cut as many corners as they can possibly get away with which means less safety, less efficiency, less respect for land, and overall just worse problems. I agree that fossil fuels must be eliminated. We must work toward that. I think at least traditional nuclear is NOT a good alterative. Renewables are the way to go: solar, wind, and MAYBE water if we find a way to avoid fish-kill and protect endangered wetlands and such. If we ARE going to go nuclear, I think the only way to do it that makes any sense is with SSTARs (Small, Sealed, Transportable, Autonomous Reactors) because they have no risk of melt down (they literally can't get hot enough for a breach), they are de-centralized which makes the power grid more robust and less susceptible to terrorism/warfare, natural disaster, and brownouts. They can be designed to run on less refined fuel and even reactor byproduct material, which means there may be some ability to reclaim some of the primary waste from nuclear plants. They don't require liquid coolant due to the zero risk of melt down which means no huge water holding tanks and no risk of heavy water contamination. You still have the issue of sourcing the material and the systemic racism of doing that on mostly indigenous land, though, and that is something that needs addressing. I'd love to know your thoughts!

[@eryl_at_home]

Do you have any advice on irrigation and water conservation? That's my biggest barrier to growing food. Here in the valley where I live in New Zealand we've had one decent rain since November and all the grass is dead.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Shade shade shade. Get low water requirment native plants established on your land to act as soil cover. Protecting the soil, so that any evaporation is minimized is the number one start.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Shade shade shade. Get low water requirment native plants established on your land to act as soil cover. Protecting the soil, so that any evaporation is minimized is the number one start.

[@home_with_Eryl]

@@CanadianPermacultureLegacy Thanks, I will work on that. And thanks for what you do, keep doing what you're doing, okay? It helps.

[@nancystafford3216]

Thank you for all this.

[@WendyLorenz-y1v]

Excellent video. Thank you!

[@iamtmckendry]

Yeah! I like the intent to focus on empowerment instead of retelling the climate change narrative. Regardless of the beliefs regarding climate change, we all need to take action when it comes to growing food and living in harmony with the planet! To focus on polarizing topics is to focus on division... what we need is unity! I also agree that we need the "pain teacher" to be able to turn the earth ship around. Once the suffering begins, change will accelerate. I think we are mostly unaware of the tools and technology available to us as a species. I believe the sentiment that we are a technologically advanced civilization is a joke, at best. My opinion is that many of the technologies that could help us to turn things around are being suppressed in the name of power and profit. The good news is that it is the age of Aquarius! The information is coming to the mainstream!! Once awareness around technology comes about, I think we will have what we need to level up :)

[@un-Denial]

I appreciate your honesty and integrity. On the political question, I wouldn't worry about who to vote for. The policies proposed by Trudeau and Biden won't make a difference to how the climate changes. The only thing that would make the future less bad is to shrink the economy and no one proposes to do that. It's very simple. One person at a keyboard can do it. Just keep increasing the interest rate until the economy contracts. CO2 emissions are proportional to the GDP. If you want to cut emissions by 50% then shrink the economy by 50%.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

We can never trust any politician who says out of one side of their mouth that they want to tackle climate change, and out of the other side of their mouth they want to grow the economy. When a 2% economy growth comes with a 2% increase in energy consumption, and a 1.5% increase in resource depletion, we need to understand that these 2 things are mutually incompatible.

[@un-Denial]

Exactly. No leader speaks the truth or offers policies that might help because they would never be elected. @@CanadianPermacultureLegacy

[@mikeinportland30]

Excellent video! I agree with all of it, unfortunately including the prognosis of meaningful change not occurring until some event/s force us to finally get serious. We were able to come together over the Ozone hole and work on acid rain, but we seem unlikely to be able to address energy inputs at scale, notably fossil fuels which are key. Methane in the Arctic scares me and even if we wanted to do something about that, other than turning back time, it appears impossible.

[@smueller12244]

Nice video, not too doomer, plenty of facts. Dude...I've been gardening for 3 years...and despite gaining experience and knowledge every year....it gets harder. 1 epic flood, 2 heat domes and a mega drought so far, looking forward to putting the shovel in the ground a lot more and continuing to plant. Why? It feels GOOD and at least I will eat well before I die, that's been my only goal, EAT WELL NOW. I always feel like I'm behind though. On a positive note, my infinite amounts of elderberry are sending it so that's nice.

[@Mike80528]

The issue is more than simple a shifting of zones. It's the instability. Plants require a level of stability (within the context of their ecosystem) to reach maturity. We are going to see ecosystems collapse as weather continues and worsens its extremes. Sorry, but it is already too late. I'm working to build a large greenhouse, but I expect that only buys our family some time...

[@jayjohnson3724]

You hit many nails on the head. I bought a crappy greenhouse this year to be able to lower the temp for plants by misting them. I live in upstate NY, so a similar climate. We should all be concerned, and thank you, prepared.

[@justlovegreenapples]

Would you please make a video about what we should do with money in the bank? Aside from having land, growing food, investing in equipment ....how should we diverge from mainstream system and avoid being affected with system damage?

[@EastMarshAcres]

Thank you for this vlog. I'm particularly thankful that you have taken the stance that you've taken with respect to the political choices that are available to the population in both Canada and the US. I would gladly vote Green if they had appropriate stances regarding a broad range of issues, but unfortunately, a vote for Green, provincially and nationally, is a vote thrown away. How do we get to the NDP to make sure that their policies regarding nuclear and other things are in accord with the science? Keep up the good work.

[@julia.7.7]

Few days ago I have calculated the costs of investment for the trees and veggies including all our garden projects... Still, the return on the investment is in worst case scenario - 600%, best case - 1100%. People must be crazy to grow lawn :D

[@axefairy7868]

What are your thoughts on AMOC collapse for the UK and Europe? I had originally thought with climate change I’d be wanting to get some warmer climate trees etc started but if that’s a potentiality then I imagine I’d be better off seeing about getting a sizeable passive solar greenhouse built

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Nobody really knows, but for example, England and where I am in Canada are roughly the same latitude, but I'm zone 4 and England is zone 6+. The AMOC brings a lot of warmer air from the tropics up to the UK. I don't think people know exactly how it will play out, but from memory, I had thought that a lot of Europe is actually expected to cool when he AMOC breaks down.

[@s-c..]

What a relief to hear intelligent messaging. I accidentally clicked this video in my feed, fully prepared to shut it down asap, expecting more of the usual prepper scaremonger grifting. Some people just prefer to play games to feel tough. Glad you’re pointing out actual science.

[@tjehlenfeldt3682]

Thank you. Well said.

[@JoelBeltman]

Everyone knows that plants remove carbon from the atmosphere, but with the rise of natural gas consumption and methane emissions starting to be recognized as a problem, I wondered what biological process can remove methane. A quick search says soil methanotrophy is the only known natural methane sink. Growing forests combats both problems.

[@Tanner_Star-Tree]

At least we do have Robert Kennedy as an option here in the US, unlikely candidate but if anyone could bring people of diverse backgrounds to the table in order to work together, it's him. Policy can make change but i don't put my faith in politics. I have more faith in what this channel inspires me to do. I'm planting some Tupelo trees soon and planning my order of sea buckthorn and others. Getting the seeds germinating. Designing more guilds for the season. Dreaming. I'm a forever optimist as well. There are a lot of gardens in the works. We can do this.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Not a huge fan of his, specifically his anti vax and antisemitic and racist remarks that he had during covid. For example, this article, which posts statements from his siblings, captures my thoughts on him well: "Four of Kennedy Jr.’s 10 siblings criticized his independent run Monday, calling it “dangerous” in a statement by Rory Kennedy, Kerry Kennedy, Joseph P. Kennedy II and Kathleen Kennedy Townsend released shortly after his announcement. “Bobby might share the same name as our father, but he does not share the same vision, values or judgment,” they wrote. The rebuke marks the latest effort by members of his family to publicly distance themselves from his controversial views. His sister, Kerry Kennedy called his comments about a genetically engineered Covid-19 virus “deplorable and untruthful,” his brother Joseph Kennedy II told the The Boston Globe the statements were “morally and factually wrong” and a “play on antisemitic myths and stoke mistrust of the Chinese” that “in no way reflect the words and actions of our father, Robert F. Kennedy.” His nephew, Joe Kennedy III, called the statements were “hurtful and wrong,” tweeting “I unequivocally condemn what he said.” His wife, actress Cheryl Hines, who introduced him on stage in Philadelphia Monday, said his “opinions are not a reflection of [her] own,” in a tweet last year after he compared vaccine mandates to Nazi Germany." - From a Forbes article.

[@Tanner_Star-Tree]

@@CanadianPermacultureLegacy i guess at some point we'll all figure out that reality is relative to the states of consciousness through which we perceive it and each has its place from less of what is learned by symbols and more from experiential conditioning. I appreciate your perspectives.

[@felixtroendle245]

Hey man! Thank you for telling the truth, even when it isn't popular among your audience.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

It will be one day, and it probably is now, just not overwhelmingly 99% popular yet. I'm sure it's getting more so each year though as people start experiencing it in real time.

[@pttpforever]

Keith, when the IPCC report (that I knew about) came out in 2018, I shared it with my adult children and grandchildren. It was alarming enough. After this year's weather and the reports of even more increases in temperatures than ever in this, the Holocene Era and Industrial Age, I'll be sharing your video with them and as many others as I can. I can't thank you enough for putting into words and graphics exactly what humanity is facing. It's damn hard to look at. BUT, the good news is that for now, there are people like you and the means for you to teach many others what you know, and then if they can, DO IT!

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

much love!!!

[@smueller12244]

I felt weird because nobody seemed to care about the IPCC report in my real life....and now it's looking like in AR6 some of the more unfortunate scenarios are the ones society has chosen to track and we've learned some uncomfortable science about aerosols and the albedo effect that people still refuse to understand/believe.

[@kathyfaulk710]

Thank you!!!

[@NancyReid-y5t]

Thank you for this.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

❤️

[@juselenascott6620]

Well said!

[@stven8363]

I'm planting haskaps, cherry trees, hazelnuts, heartnuts and many more in the mountains where i live, thanks for all that you do ❤

[@calendulaofficinalis7303]

I agree with everything that you're saying, besides one aspect. It is rather naive to preach communities and creating social circuits on a local level, but at the same time advocating for international communities to do the opposite and for the countries to be "more insular". What happens around the world is all our business as well. The most powerful countries out there don't and won't care about climate change. All they care about is power. They are ready to do everything to expand that power and take over the world. Piece by piece, until they reach your precious island. Good luck defending it by yourself. And yes, war is bad. Always. And spending billions on it now might seem not the best option, but it's better than spending your children lives later. And if you think that you are far enough from all evil that it will never get to you, think again.

[@julie-annepineau4022]

I wish the Green Party was better organized Federally. We had them as official opposition for a while in PEI and put in a some really good policies for farming and land management. I am terrified PC will get in for climate change but also for human rights. Politics is really just choosing the less bad option right now. I have 15 to 20 more trees going in this year and expanding my garden areas.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

This is my gripe with them too. 💯agree.

[@Growinginontario]

Hi Kieth what are your thoughts on the correlation of the solar maximum and temperature increase?

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

It's well documented in the climate models and accounts for roughly a tenth of a percent of the warming trend we are seeing. Additionally, Milankovitch cycles are also modeled and understood well.

[@Growinginontario]

Great video. Very informative

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Glad it was helpful!

[@deathbycupcake25]

I am currently reading this book called 'The Exauhsted of the Earth' covering a lot of what you talk about here. It is about the politics of climate change and the perverse insentives of climate change denial. It explores both the science and philosophy to examine the politics involved and i think you would find it interesting.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

I will try to check it out, thanks for the recommendation 😀

[@CarrieLovesLife.]

Going to check that out.

[@Mike80528]

One correction as detail matter when dealing with climate and those who resist the science - Humans haven't been around for millions of years. The CO2 increase for humanity ("modern" humans) covers eons (maybe 10-100k years give or take).

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Yeah, it depends on what you define as human. Homo sapeins for example are about 300k years old. Homo erectus was 2 million yrs ago.

[@ecocentrichomestead6783]

When it comes to which party to vote for: I recommend one analyze each party and vote for the party MOST LIKELY to address the most important topics on his/her priority list. I consider myself an optimist when I say we are going to have a population crash. The doomers concentrate on the things that will drive us extinct within a century. At best all the bad points. Population crash will bring us down to a point the the remainder can live much more comfortable. Before the crash conflict, famine, and communicable diseases increase until it brings death rate well above birth rate.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

It's sad and scary to say these things, but I agree that the sooner adjustments to overshoot come whether by choice (policy and societal changes) or by force (starvation, riots, disease, economic collapse leading to population reductions through the above), the sooner it happens, the better the people who survive it will be able to handle it. What the stable population is, is scary to me though. William Catton for example postulated that the sustainable human population to avoid living in overshoot is under 1 billion humans. Nobody actually knows. Economists belive it could be as high as 30 billion. These people are completely separated from reality. But what is it? We don't know, but we are now in the "find out" phase of F-around and find out.

[@ecocentrichomestead6783]

@@CanadianPermacultureLegacy With permaculture science, I estimate, 4 billion That is 4 acres of productive land per person. That requires EVERYONE turn now!

[@BespokeByNellie]

Do the numbers change, for example Catton suggesting under 1 Billion, if there is a further delay in taking action to help mitigate the damage already done? Is it then less than 1 Billion? Or less than 4 Billion because we have delayed what we know we need to do.

[@ecocentrichomestead6783]

@@BespokeByNellie The further we go into overshoot, the further we need to go below the current sustainable population. ie. double the sustainable population could mean that a crash could bring population down to 1/2 the sustainable number. That would make 2 billion currently.

[@user-dn8hw8zv8c]

real shit for 17 minutes. thank you

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

❤️

[@blakearchibald7587]

Since it's a global problem, I'm not sure countries becoming more insular or Vladimir Putin controlling more of the Earth's land mass will help. The rest I agree with.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

This is the problem isn't it? And it's going to get worse when leaders like him (or even noble ones) act not out of greed, but out of desperation. We are only living in a civil world (if you can this world civil, but I suppose in comparison, this is utopia), because many people have their base survival needs met. How does this change when water and food shortages begin? We can only feed 8 billion people because of oil. What happens when the end of oil hits and that number falls to 1 billion, but there are now 10 B on the planet? We can't even feed everyone today with an excess in food production, what happens when there is no excess. Who gets the food? The rich. Not just people but countries. What would happen in your neighborhood when all the people who don't grow food find out you have gardens? Their children are dying, and they know there is food on the other side of your fence? This same thing is going to happen at a global political scale as well.

[@cresentiae]

Thank you #SaveSoil #Consciousplanet

[@Rootsman417]

There is an interestening, to me at least, hypothesis that climate change is not only caused by increased CO2 and methane levels but also by changes in the water cycle. Walther Jehne says that through deforestation and agricultural activities cloud forming has decreased and water vapor as haze has increased. Which causes warming of the athmosphere.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Its true, because trees are responsible for catching dust particles in the air. When it then rains or is windy, these get returned to the air, but concentrated. These microscopic concentrations of dust and particles are what water droplets nucleate off of, to form rain clouds.

[@Austin1990]

Our society is built on practically free energy. Reducing emissions a meaningful amount will result in widespread death. The entire culture needs rebuilt in how we operate, and that change cannot happen overnight. You will also not get change out of people who cannot look ahead. And, the climate fascists trying to enslave humanity in the name of climate science are not an actual alternative to the deniers; they do not live like they believe it, and their policies wouldn't actually change anything. Everything in our society is so energy-inefficient because oil and coal are so cheap. That brings up the beauty of your channel. I am not convinced that the warming will bring the consequences that some of the climate scientists predict. But, it is obvious that our current way of life cannot continue. Either we change it ourselves, or it changes because our way of life collapses, one way or another.

[@lrrerh8090]

100% agree with your commentary. I feel like none of the federal parties represent my views. Although, being in Alberta, the NDP provincial party here are very forward thinking.

[@hometoheather]

Also in Alberta and I very much agree. We have nobody federally. Nenshi running for NDP in AB has given me hope. We need all of that we can get after what we've been through with DS!

[@lrrerh8090]

@@hometoheather yes! I couldn’t be happier that he joined the race.

[@mep.stance1210]

We might not actually have BOE due to weakening AMOC which reduces heat transport into the arctic resulting in increased cooling. In fact we might end up having significantly colder Canada and Europe if the current shuts down entirely although the process in itself will take decades. It is very likely that BOE has been cancelled by AMOC collapse.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Yeah it's so chaotic right now that's its really hard to see how things will play out. We may also have some years where we get BOE, and some where we hit record high ice freezes.

[@BeautifulEarthJa]

Thought about you recently. Glad to see Alphabet is reading my thoughts as usual.

[@woodchipgardens9084]

Acid Rain was from Mt. Pina Tubo and Unzen June 1991, Montserrat 1995-1999, Hunga Tonga Jan 2021.

[@stanflo63]

A part of sulphur dioxide came from these volcanoes but the majority of if came from industries and boats because sulphur dioxide is a compound emitted through burning of coal and heavy oils.

[@catharinephoto]

appreciate ya

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

You too ❤️

[@woodchipgardens9084]

California has been cold and rainy for 2 years.

[@CanadianPermacultureLegacy]

Crazy amounts too. The flooding there is incredible. Sometimes climate change can cause something "bad" that can actually help certain regions (by say, recharging aquifers).

[@woodchipgardens9084]

@@CanadianPermacultureLegacy todays age climate scare fear mongers refuse to recognize natural forces because it changes perceptions about cause.

[@brucelind3678]

What will happen when the Beaufort Gyre releases its water into the oceanic thermohaline circulation?

[@moranmike36]

We have to be realistic, with what we have.

[@lppoqql]

If there is economic collapse and lawlessness, the first order of concern is security. If we have a lots of food without protection you will be harvested. I believe its a good idea to gather like minded kind people and form an armed safety net, this is the ultimate prep for dooms day.

[@ninemoonplanet]

No thank you, I don't have anything worth dying over or killing someone for. Years ago a lesson was learned, the moment you die you have nothing as far as any possession, money or status. What do you have? The hatred you created, the love you expressed and the people you affected either way. Nothing else.

[@liftoffthecouch]

That is such an American perspective. I plan on sharing. Especially with those who live near me. I know these families and I will help them. They know me and they know what I've got going on in the backyard. Their kids get to visit and get interested in where their food can come from without leaving the city. Community is important for any of us to survive.

[@jauua2272]

I see both perspectives. I'd love to share and provide the whole community with food, but the fact is that there isn't enough for everyone in the community to survive off of one small food forest. The father who didn't prepare for his family will do anything it takes to feed his children, and if that means robbing someone else for all of their food, he'll do it. If you don't protect your food from the unprepared, you may die of starvation yourself. On the other hand, the caretaker of the food forest will know of root vegetables that others may not be able to find. They could also have a secret stash of food to survive periods like that, until new food grows. But if the thief comes with the intent to harm, none of those backup plans will save you. The ultimate answer is to spread awareness, so everybody prepares for a collapse. Channels like this one are what is needed to inspire the greater population to start growing their own food. At some point, communities will break through a threshold where there is enough locally grown food to sustain the community without starvation. If there's no starvation, there will be no need for stealing food from others.

[@colinpritchard5066]

None of the Above Party (NOTA) of Canada. We've run provincially in Ontario and will be running Federally in the upcoming election on a platform of Direct Democracy

[@woodchipgardens9084]

Beginning in March 2023, and with increased intensity starting in June, Canada was affected by a record-setting series of wildfires. All 13 provinces and territories were affected, with large fires in Alberta, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. The 2023 wildfire season had the most area burned in Canada's recorded history, surpassing the 1989, 1995, and 2014 fire seasons,[4][2] as well as in recorded North American history, surpassing the 2020 Western US wildfire season.[5][6]