NEANDERTHAL Glue Works So Well

[@AngeloVissari]

This is awesome that your teaching people ancient history about tools and weapons! I’ve been watching for a few months now at least and you’ve inspired me to start flint knapping, I’ve always been into bushcraft but you’ve taught me more than I could’ve figured out in years by myself, I’m 13 and your vid’s are just another motivation to go outside and do stuff, it honestly kinda makes me a little sad to see my buddies stare at screens all day. Anyway, thanks for what you’ve done for me and many others.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Much respect and appreciation. Get out there and have a good time. The best lessons come from mother nature. Thanks for watching.

[@AngeloVissari]

@@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks will do, thanks again

[@masteranger4499]

You got it all wrong, the ochre is critical. They were color coding their tools, just like mechanics in a truck shop. 😂 "Grun, if i catch you stealing my good scraper again, so help me."

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Haha. I think that’s a fair assessment. Color coding is absolutely a necessary thing with tools.

[@KovietUnionDefector]

Here in Finland the old boys painted the handles red so that when they put the tool down in a forest they can easily find it again.

[@timothylongmore7325]

@@KovietUnionDefector I do that too. Especially chocker chains

[@KovietUnionDefector]

@@timothylongmore7325 it actually makes good sense...I learned this system when I bought a farm here with all the old tools with red handles. Great logic!

[@nevisstkitts8264]

Grun heats that good scraper so the yellow ochre turns red ...

[@sebastianthehotsaucedude5473]

I like being taught, and I like learning. So videos like this where you talk in depth, really helps me appreciate what you do, and what you teach. Thanks Donny!!!!

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Awesome, thank you! I appreciate you taking the time to watch and comment. Thanks again!!

[@michaelchase418]

You can't find a better channel to learn. You've learned more than a lot of us will ever learn, but should I find myself out where I might need these skills, a lot of what I've put into the semi skill set, I've learned from you. Obviously practice makes perfect which I've done little practice, but should I ever find myself lost, in need of a snare, a blade, a point, a handle, glue, a bow, utilizing what I have at hand, what is in my general area, between you and les stroud, you being the more indepth and thorough for actual teaching, I am no master, but I've learned enough that I could utilize enough to keep alive in a situation that requires me to do so. I have the new new stuff, GPS and maps and compass, and everything in between that's modern, for as long as it lasts, but your teachings and skills give me enough to learn that I might be able to adapt, overcome and survive.

[@lanetpresler423]

Having experience dressing game, I can see the benefit of having a sticky or tacky handle in my slippery stone blade. Genius

[@nealkrueger6097]

So basically, they made a stone age plastics . The ochre was a " filler" and binder modification for the Neolithic man's " plastic."

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

In simple terms...yeah! thats a assessment for sure.

[@ancientsouloutdoors4088]

As an anthropologist and archaeologist, I can concur with your findings. I've enjoyed you having done this video. Yes there are several different compound adhesives that have been used and for multiple different purposes. If I may suggest, do a video on multiple types of compound adhesives. Another great video brother. Been watching you for a long time now. Keep up the awesome work you're doing!

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks so very much. Appreciate you watching and following the adventures. I try to just give the facts and show what has been researched.

[@togodamnus]

It's evidence of campfire debitage, non of the artifacts had handles Insitu, it's based upon noting traces of tree sap and other stuff from ashy floor. It's limited to a single site, the sample size is tiny and the entire narrative in that paper is based upon a possibility rather than a conclusive proofing. That's what I've read and been told by more than one paleoanthropologists that see some the archaeology interpretations as problematic. ✌️

[@ancientsouloutdoors4088]

@@togodamnus I understand what you are trying to say here, however, I made no mention of these compounds being used as handles. My concurring was in relation to various types of compounds. My apologies for any confusion to anyone here on that. However, debitage refers mostly to the relief flakes that have been removed from a core during the knapping process - at least in my specific academic training which does include a tremendous amount of paleoanthropological training. It is indicative of tool production to create a naturally sharp edge by splitting at the cleavage points. These are oftentimes found where we find them in the same area as where an animal was butchered. These exist well over 770,000 years ago throughout parts of Northern Africa and Eurasia. Many compound adhesives are manufactured entirely differently and for different reasons and different purposes regionally. So the conversation cannot be based upon a single paper, or even a handful of papers, or to any one specific area. Again my lack of having mentioned them used as handles. My paleoanthropologist colleagues and I have been doing a tremendous amount of research that suggests that these compound adhesives have been created/used globally by different peoples, up to and including other species of humans, for a great many different purposes, especially when created within a niche environment for a specific application. There is no singular use for any of these compounds. Hence the multitudes of different compounds being found that are not mentioned in some papers. Thus the suggestion to attempt to not reverse engineer different types of compound adhesives, but to merely create some from scratch to study the results and make comparisons. Would make for interesting viewing.

[@ancientsouloutdoors4088]

@@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks understandable, and honest. But if you ever decide to attempt to create various forms and types of compounds, it would be interesting to watch and observe.

[@togodamnus]

@@ancientsouloutdoors4088 Everybody knows what debitage means. Tree sap, bark tar is sticky with or without fairy dust, aluminum or pencil shavings added in. All the ingredients are there around dig site at the various ancient surface strata. I will remain cautiously unpersuaded and objective until there is more evidence and available sample set. Forensically it's a weak case and not conclusive in terms of 'proof positive. The 'super glue' isn't super, and I believe the narrative is exaggerated and based upon mere possibility. Moreover, the blades work just fine without the hours long, complex, cave lab scenario. Would they really go thru the trouble of adding 'super glue' to a largely throw away or limited use cutting flake or blade? I don't think the glue adds much advantage to the tools purpose, it's not at all strong or hard enough to affix a spear points, and the assemblage of artifacts in the sample doesn't include any spear points; some have been presented as 'potential' spear points but they are curved and randomly shaped and if they were spear points they are rather disappointing and comical looking. Believe what you may, however it's hardly conclusive proof or robust sample size or closable case. We'll just have to stick around and await further evidences. I offer this Second Opinion, and free consultation. 🖖

[@jrrarglblarg9241]

Pine sap is commonly available to us here and to them without processing, but they also made birch-bark tar. The specific technique is unknown but archeologists have experimented with tests in small scale. Ive never heard of the flexible/removable hand-axe cover idea before but it makes ergonomic sense with or without a leather over-layer.

[@mrkultra1655]

Thanks Donny. Definitely an advantage when you not only have a set of tools with you, but a repair kit to fix them. Today’s tools are admittedly more advanced, and heavy duty, being mostly made of metals and polymers, but if you break them, much more difficult, if even at all possible to repair.

[@greywuuf]

Re usable J-B weld

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely!

[@LegionaireSiggi]

I wonder if the minor stickiness of the handle would have been considered a feature so it doesn't slip in you hand while processing an animal?

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

I think so. If it’s brittle it cracks and the user no doubt runs the risk of a cut to the hand. Thanks for watching!!!

[@lostpony4885]

Having the glue on the tools as handles makes some glue available anytime you have it on you.

[@lightning2849]

Hi Donny, awesome video ! Can you do a video of different recipes of glue and make them ? Thanks

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Sure thing! Thanks for watching!

[@pattheplanter]

Made from glue but that is a composite thermoplastic. Impressive materials science. Shellac mixed with mineral powders was used to join the glass and metal parts of old style lightbulbs. On a larger scale bitumen and grit are what composes tarmac road surfaces (asphalt or blacktop in the US?). The bright colour from the ochre would make it easy to spot if you put it down and wandered away to do something else for a minute or two.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. All are great examples bitumen. It’s natural, somewhat abundant and easy put into action. Coloring…no doubt helps identify them. Makes them more special to the user.

[@CapraObscura]

Ive literally been researching about mousterian tools this past week

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Awesome. Hope this helps. I have a few other videos on the subject as well.

[@BryanKoenig379]

Yes I've been listening to a north02 podcast at work today about this. If you haven't heard of north02 I suggest you check out

[@vociferonheraldofthewinter2284]

5:32 I do a variety of crafts and sometimes I end up with a sticky residue on my hands that can only come off as my skin wears off over time. I keep a bottle of baby talc powder on hand to remove the stickiness. I've used a variety of fine powders to deal with this issue, but baby powder goes on clear. Technically, I could use any powder that's fine enough and I have used sand and dirt in a pinch. It would make sense to me that, after forming the handle, they'd coat it in a fine powder to remove that sticky residue. If they're already working with fine powders to create the handle in the first place, why wouldn't they?

[@davidcoates5732]

Alcohol hand gel will remove the stickiness or even baby oil.

[@loicbazin1053]

Love the video. Great work as always

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Appreciate that

[@timjustdim09weather]

When discovering pre history there's Genetics, there's digging the stones tools and bones from the soil. Then there people like this man who recreate the real experience from the theory. Amazing work to see it actually done, truly amazing, thanks.

[@-ArthurMorgan_]

It's pretty interesting kind of glue, I've been using bone dust, char wood and pine resin to make my glue it's pretty strong stuff just like you said,more powder and organic like stuff you put into the glue it'll be more solid and more complete, great video,take care

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Great point! There’s a ton of different recipes out there. Find what works and roll with it.

[@garyblack2858]

This was an absolutely fascinating video Donny. Learning so much from your channel. Appreciate your work.

[@paulfreeman23000]

Thank You Donny, love the information.

[@everythingknife8763]

Speculation: Perhaps the "sticky" was desirable when you're elbow deep in a chest cavity and you have to work fast before your kill draws something you don't want to play with. The first non-slip tools.

[@dimfuturefilms9070]

Reminds me of how Australian Aboriginals used Spinifex resin to make a handle on their stone tools.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. Thats called a Leilera Knife (spelled wrong). Pitch on a flake is a very great cutting advantage!

[@theodoremoyer6738]

You, Sir, are a scholar and incredible historian.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Wow, thank you! I appreciate that so very much!!!

[@the_neanderthal09]

this is so cool! i've always been really into neanderthals and love it when you cover their tools and lifestyles.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Glad you enjoy it! Thanks for watching. Appreciate it greatly!!!

[@BoxcutterBushcraft]

Another fantastic video. Thank you!

[@db1777]

Hi Donny, I've been subbed to your channel for a bit, but this is my first time commenting. I wanted to ask, do you think you could survive on your own in the wilderness if society was to collapse or lets say you had to leave the cities to survive, could you do it and for how long? If you had to do this, what tools would you consider essential to bring with you?

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

First…thanks so much for following the adventures. Appreciate it greatly. I think I could with the right accomplices. Like minded people with the right skills. First aid and medicine are important along with ability to have clean water and food. Shelter is important as well things that can keep me feed, hydrated and sheltered. Everything else can come from nature with a little work.

[@blzahz7633]

Here's something that would make sense to me with the stickiness: once you have enough of the stuff on the tool and you want to start forming it, just roll it in the dirt to coat it with powder so it doesn't stick as much. EDIT: oh yea you kinda did that at 8:33

[@HW-ow9zp]

cool stuff as always Donny. awesome channel man take care

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks for the visit

[@RedmanOutdoors366]

Interesting Cave Man Information 😎👍💯🔥

[@Aldh1]

Hey amazing video really love your work

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thank you so much 😀

[@jelkel25]

Interesting. I wonder if chalk will do the same thing as the ochre? Where you get flint you get chalk. Speaking of which, was walking in the area of Grimes Graves a couple of weeks ago, even the flint just lying on the ground is beautiful around there, it looks like obsidian. I can see why people would have mined for it there.

[@stripeytawney822]

Wood Ash is pretty fine too. Red and yellow black and white all my tools be in my sight.....

[@garondupree8165]

Interesting! So is making this specific glue as simple as mixing powdered ochre into liquified pine resin/ bitumen? It sounds simpler to make than pine pitch in a pinch if thats the case. The mousterian is absolutely my favourite period in prehistory so i have been enjoying these past few Neanderthal videos a lot. Thank you!

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. It works the same as regular pitch, has some different colors, but isn’t anything new…except this is the earliest find of it!!!

[@markblue9476]

Excellent work! Thank you!

[@richarddaugherty8583]

Very interesting! I also recall the late, great Mors Kochanski extolling the virtues of pine resin for first aid in the field. If memory serves, the pure sap is anti-bacterial and keeps the wound clean.

[@ginge_gone_walk_about8365]

Love the content brother watching your videos made me go from just wild camping and doing bushcraft to getting in to the primitive technology and wilderness living with stone tools. God bless you mate, keep the videos coming, it would be amazing to see you do a longer multi night video in the future.

[@williamlake6151]

Great commentary. Sure hit the key content with your videos. Supers work

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Appreciate you watching and commenting!

[@GenuinelyCurious120]

Always makes me think of the book Clan of the Cave Bear. Really puts you into what it would be like to work with stone tools

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Great book. There’s lots of things that have changed since the book was written. It would be interesting to see a new version of it with today’s understanding of Neanderthals.

[@2HighNoon]

Similarly to how you fold cornstarch into melted sugar to make it into a dough type workable non-sticky substance. Or powdered sugar founded into peanut butter makes it into a dough that is workable like fondant. 😊 That’s very smart and I never considered the idea before. That’s applicable in an adaptive way even today for things. 🏆✌️

[@lelandshanks3590]

Good show, good info.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@4evercanb33]

Fascinating to see the primitive methods of practical tool craft that you bring to light. Good stuff. Pine resin also makes for a fairly long burning torch, aka Apache Match. Great content…

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thank you very much! It’s a passion of mine. I like to build and then survive in the bush. Appreciate you watching!!!

[@johnswoodgadgets9819]

That makes sense. I always suspected the activities of the ancients were probably more function than form. For example, I doubt cave art was actually 'art' by our definition. It to me is more like a telegram or textbook. Something like "This is where these animals can be found, bring these weapons and this many guys, and by the way, be careful. One of them killed Bob the other day."

[@mnk9073]

Archeologists recently discovered that most of the painted animals have patterns of dots on them, they went to other caves and found the same style of patterns on the animals there which leads to the hypothesis that the cave art is actually a "hunting season" calendar, telling the roaming nomad tribes visiting the cave which animals are in the region, when to hunt them and when not to hunt them.

[@abeedhal6519]

@@mnk9073 Okay, so why didn't they just use google?

[@garywheeler7039]

As it is a kind of plastic. And since ancient animal figurines have been made of amber. I can imagine clan members making little toys for children. Horses, bears, mammoth bodies, to play with and understand concepts of hunting and movement.

[@lukelaughlin52]

Yup. It’s like when you need to use a hacksaw blade in a tight spot, and you wrap electrical tape around the end you’re holding to make a handle.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Exactly. So very true!!!

[@jillatherton4660]

TY Donny.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Anytime!!!

[@draven3838]

Totally like learning new things, I use pine pitch ,hide glue and fish blader glue, so these new glues you taught us about I'll be adding to my kit.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Awesome. Glad it was helpful!!!

[@ragestudios2]

I was always fascinated by early Paleolithic engineering, you can notice the new discoveries that were approaching.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. Great point. Appreciate you wa!

[@jvin248]

Slightly off topic, but related to uncovering old stone tools: Do a video showing your cast off flakes. How you may find scattered flakes in a field/garden and figure out if the flakes were worked off another stone and maybe even what they were working on. Perhaps just sharpening or down sizing one tool into another. Shape of the flake, impact marks, poor rock removal, and so on. Basically identifying if flakes are worked stone or random bits of naturally chipped stone. ... I just found a few more stones again that look like discarded waste chips in the field and curious what to look for with an experienced eye. We don't have a lot of natural flint around here except for small pieces that seem worked. Maybe save your flakes in order from start to finish on a future project you do and line them up from start to end? Thanks!

[@TheShurikenZone]

Awesome video, and thanks for the recommendation! This long format, detailed video scratched me right where I itch. I was about to ask you where you stood on using rabbit pellets for the additive, and then you mentioned it. haha 👍👍

[@tacomandela9118]

Are you sure it is for a handle? Does it perform poorly if applied to a wooden shaft?

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

This was specific to the archeological finds. The ocre is the identification of the material being wrapped in pitch and ocre.

[@tacomandela9118]

@@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks Thanks for the fast reply! You do amazing work and we are lucky to have such an excellent source of applied theory!

[@togodamnus]

It's evidence of campfire debitage, non of the artifacts had handles Insitu, it's based upon noting traces of tree sap and other stuff from ashy floor. It's limited to a single site, the sample size is tiny and the entire narrative in that paper is based upon a possibility rather than a conclusive proofing. That's what I've read and been told by more than one paleoanthropologists that see some the archaeology interpretations as problematic. ✌️

[@tacomandela9118]

@@togodamnus I figure wood or even bone wouldn't survive the 40-100 thousand years, but I don't know the site or it's long-term environment. I'm attempting to avoid a Dunning -Kruger effect since I only know a little. Thank you for the added info!

[@togodamnus]

@@tacomandela9118 That is true, fossils are difficult to form let alone find and recover. Keep in mind that there are wooden tools and weapons including apparent digging sticks and even sharpened lances that have been recovered from Schoenigen and Essex to that are remarkably well preserved dating back to like 500,000and 700'000 ybp as well as modified wood logs apparently used for structuring something like a ewok shelter or platform of some sort in Africa dating back to approx 600,000 years before present. That lends itself to many possibilities but we must show discipline and restraint NOT to over think or elaborate beyond the obvious, and be wary of deliberate efforts to exaggerate or distort the interpretation vs the genuine forensics evidence. If neandertalensis cut feathers off of large birds it is not proof that they wore huge feather hats, capes or wingsuits, it's evidence that feathers were cut and removed. Same applies to discovery of eagle claws, there is possibility but not resolved truth or proof. Allll neandertalensis skeletons are immediately declared funerary burials,.and ritual no less... Many are apparent results of predators, cannibals, fatal injuries and not anything else. Even cannibalism is often presented as after care for loved ones and ritualistic, of course. Meanwhile hyenas, big cats, bears and midden debri is also present and abundant, the other mammals dig wallows and hollows and dens but neandertalensis is always accused of ritualistic this and that, and I just think it's not accurate assessment. Any marks left behind are immediately determined to be symbolic no matter how abstract or vague, any pigment or ocre paintings within neandertalensis time frame is immediately declared to be neandertalensis art work, and even though Apidima skull (H sapiens) is dated back to 200,000 ybp, it's insisted that H sapiens didn't arrive in Europe/Eurasia till 50,000 ybp, the H sapiens genome that H sapiens crossed paths with neanderthalensis as early as 300,000, 150,000, and earlier dates until apprx 40,000 years ago. I'm not saying I know exactly for sure, I do not; I'm explaining that they (some scientists) don't either. But some act as though they do, and media just spins it further off center. I'm not so much complaining as I am making an observation. Good comment and valid points you are raising. Cheers 🤙

[@TheFireMaker117]

I know hooves, crushed egg shells, and pine pitch, and or hemp resin makes a helluva strong adhesive

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. There are tons of options out there that will get the job done!!!

[@Shaftley69]

Hey brother have you messed with rendering and scraping rabbit skin glue for an adhesive? My father was a pretty hard core primitive skills practitioner and his personal favorite was homemade rabbit skin hide glue. He used it on his atl atl darts for the projectile point securing and the fletching. He also applied it under the rattlesnake skins he applied over the sinew and Osage orange recurve bows he made for strength and stability. Great video, we should be friends!

[@tobiastho9639]

Could the adhesives also been bubblegum they chewed on? O did these 2 uses had to be seperated. I remember a piece with bitemarks was found. Could chewing it help with cleaning teeth? Afterwards spit it in oaker and put it on your flint?

[@nevisstkitts8264]

Adding wax and other substances to the ochre-birch tar produces an ochre-based polishing pitch paste that allows very precise polishing of hard materials like quartz ...

[@Greenstriker9235]

cool seeing you on wired donny

[@dwightehowell8179]

No Neanderthal ever saw a sloth of any kind what so ever. Mammoth, saber tooth, giant elk, wood bison, cave bear, etc. yes.

[@jeffm4491]

😊 great informative video man!

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks!

[@RT-fb6ty]

Epic Epoch Epoxy exposé

[@josephcormier5974]

Sir thank you for sharing your knowledge of history and the process of applying the knowledge this is things that all survivalist should know about keep up the great work brother six stars

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

My pleasure. Appreciate you watching!!!

[@perebalana7030]

I'm fascinated by the tattoos you have on your hands in the shape of a moon, do they have any origin? I love them!

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks. Yes they are Pictish inspired, derived from some ancient stone carvings found across the northern areas of Scotland.

[@perebalana7030]

@@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks Thank you for the information, I really didn't know about that culture. I find it fascinating, congratulations on your lifestyle and channel.

[@JuanArturoFloresFlores]

Thanks, bro.

[@SuperWiz666]

To prevent the handle from being sticky, you merely have to keep dipping it into the powder modifier and pushing it into shape until it's no longer sticky.

[@g.todsmith2854]

Just some thoughts. If it was my job to use a stone flake tool to do some heavy work like butchering or wood shaping, i would want something on the tool to keep me from cutting the crap out of myself and something that would enhance my grip on the tool. The hardened glue seems to fit the bill perfectly. It probably gets a bit tacky on the surface like rosin when the hand warms it but still stays hard enough to protect the users hand. I would be interested to know if there is any evidence of any plant or animal fibers intentionally incorporated into the glue to add strength. I have an ancient hand blade that has traces of a black residue on it that i always assumed was road tar or something. I was never able to wash it off and im glad i didnt try very hard to remove it now

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

That makes sense for sure. Strong enough to protect, easily removed and replaced. Seems like a very simple cutting tool for everyday use.

[@stevenparker3015]

Cool demo, man. So you are in t-shirt weather, which I am sure our cousins would have enjoyed too, but how does this stuff hold up in colder weather or even snow and ice? Thanks.

[@ARandomCommentFromMr.RandomGuy]

I learn a lot, nice.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks.

[@johnpetry6753]

Could they have rubbed a dry ochre on the outside of it to cover the stickyness?

[@Fairdos07]

I just came across an article from 2019 that describes this from a find in a cave in Italy!! They even said they found one tool with pine resin and beeswax!

[@vandamonelements7866]

Where do you keep up to date on all these breakthroughs?

[@michaelchase418]

If you ever want some Oregon obsidian, let me know. I'll literally and happily go to some of the Oregon obsidian beds and harvest some, don't tell anyone lol and send you some. I'll send you two types that were utilized by indigenous cultures, the nez pierce, kalapua, and other Willamette Valley tribes. My grandfather was born in 1908 and walked 5 miles to camp creek elementary, one of my favorite stories of his early life was when he was walking to school on what was still a wagon road and a group of Kapalua first nation road past him in full regalia on horses heading up the Mckenzie River. He was scared and jumped into the bushes. I wish I could have lived that experience, but not have been scared. I wish I could have talked to them, understood them, known them and not been afraid of them, but respected them.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Count me in. I live some obsidian. Send an email to [e-mail]. He sounds like an amazing man. Thanks for sharing. Appreciate it greatly!

[@fuzexi]

Are eggs in the soil ever a problem? I remember when I was young, trying to make egg tempura using some yellow soil (I think it might have been ochre?) and mixing it with egg, and a few days later it was full of maggots. (sealed container)

[@chucklearnslithics3751]

Interesting. I've never looked too deeply into the mousterian toolkit. That kind of handle seems perfect to trap and preserve blood proteins, where the rock and pitch meet. I wonder if anyone has ever tested for residue to see what they were used for butchering...

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Great point...blood could absolutely be trapped in that connection point. I'm not sure of the actual analysis of a specific type of game, but some stone tool caches in the Colorado area have been found with horse and camal dna.

[@chucklearnslithics3751]

@@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks Mammoth in Utah and Wyoming have been pulled off a Haskett and and a giant "butcher block" as well. I did a little video about the La Prel WY residue once, I found it so compelling. I'd like to see something _REALLY_ old like a mousterian game residue indicator. 🤯

[@storbunlimitedbushcraft6996]

Awesome

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks!

[@Ein_Kunde_]

I live around 30 km away from the actual neandertal.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Awesome. Very cool.

[@PhilippeDevienne-eh9tx]

Short handled , replacable blades ; we have been making boxcutters for millennia !!

[@PaintedskiesRankin]

This question is a bit off topic but I would value your thoughts somewhere in Europe. I believe it’s France. They have paintings of the fauna at the time and there will be marks usually lines and dots. Based on what you have studied or may know somebody who has studied this more in detail. could this reasonably be assumed to be a type of rudimentary calendar system for keeping up with the different species, gestation and birth times?

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thats a really interesting thought and it merits discussion in many ways. So, i have had similar thoughts to dots, marks, dashes in Paleolithic paintings...I think it is likely a marker system to count a value in days, months or seasons spent in a particular place. Somewhat like a tally mark.

[@JohnAvillaHerpetocultural]

They also made epoxy from birch bark and some other stuff I can’t remember.

[@lostpony4885]

Yes but did Neanderthal stick under school desks like we do. Its a valid question

[@JeremyHannay]

Hey donney how would you make thors stone axe ?

[@SyCoPath716]

Like to see your take on hide glue

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

hide glue is great...no problem!

[@jonathanryals9934]

A lot of projectile points and stone tools have enough iron to hold a magnet. It is helpful to distinguish some volcanic stones from flints... anyways, i think the ochre was "sacred" mainly as a way to transmit the knowledge from generation to generation, the red color is an indicator of the presence of iron. I bet the green is a similar indicator for copper. Possibly ancient lore had other clues as well.

[@Ornitholestes1]

And here I was thinking plastic handles on tools were a modern invention

[@DD-uf2uo]

The way things are going in this crazy world we live in now, we just might need this type of information. I said that as "SORT" of a joke, But.... Great video and explained very well. Thanks. From the Southeast USA. .

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Appreciate you watching!

[@Ein_Kunde_]

Basically a simple experience-based form of chenistry.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely!!!

[@downeastprimitiveskills7688]

Birch oil is the most pliable I have come across nothing like pine or spruce pitch. I have an old batch in a tin can and I can push my finger print in to it and it will last for hours before it smooth back out. I have not cooked it enough so it was hard, maybe at that point it will get brittle, its on my list of thing to play with.

[@JasonPitts-h2v]

Very good video sir. I'm from from Florida. I get asked all the time do I use my stone tools I make? Sadly the only stone tool I've ever used that I created I use it for scaling fish. They get a good laugh. Been chipping for almost 30 years now.

[@Zane-It]

This is similar to spinifex handles in Australia

[@yeraycatalangaspar195]

Researcher are in general veeeery impractical, specially in archeology. Yesterday there was one than said than a stone axe found in a Yamnaya tomb couldn't be used and was "ritualistic" because the repo he used was heavy for him. And stuff like that, one of the reason people like hunt primitive are so good is they test stuff and know the basics.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely. Lots of bold claims in certain communities. Thanks for watching.

[@lostpony4885]

As a kid watching Rambo i always thought it was overly convenient he managed to grab his big knife at the beginning. Lately im thinking itd be better if he had to start out looking for some decent cobbles and start from there

[@lostpony4885]

Off topic i guess unless he needed flexible glue.

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Hahaha. I agree totally in every way!

[@faequeenapril6921]

This is really interesting. I have been on a deep dive into our paleolithic ancestors, and with everything I learn I find out other hominids were using it before we were around, like red ocre is found to be used possibily as a suncream for UV protection. So I wonder if they always carried ocre with them for cultural reasons and decided to use it with the glue after they or their ancient ancestors figured out that it can be used to make something less sticky.

[@greywuuf]

The ochre acts as a tempering agent much like sand in clay

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Absolutely!

[@michaelstevens3479]

The price of glues today are absurd.

[@ThePreachersDaughter777]

Cottonwood resin is the super glue of the forest 🛶 ❤.

[@flyfin108]

nice, thank you

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Welcome 😊

[@comfortablynumb9342]

Maybe they made ochre and something sticky to draw the art on cave walls. Could they have drawn with the stuff you made?

[@ninjamoves3642]

Australian Aboriginals had the same idea using the sap from the Grass Tree - GENUS Xanthorrhoea mixed with kangaroo droppings and charcoal

[@christopherconaway3549]

Donny, can you type out the word for the kind of resin the Neanderthal used please? The captions think you are swearing lol and ive never heard the word before

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

No problem. It does sound like I’m swearing. Its called… bi·tu·men

[@christopherconaway3549]

Thank you very much!

[@lusolad]

I want one.

[@randytucker3083]

THey wrapped it with string. Woven like a sock. The glue held the string in place

[@jamestaylor3805]

The birth of alchemy.

[@최순규-f8s]

안녕하세요. 네 😮🤙🤙👍👍

[@DonnyDustsPaleoTracks]

Thanks!

[@joeylawn36111]

Ochre and What? Did you say Bitumen?