Paper I, Topic 6 Anthropological Theories:(b) Historical particularism ,Diffusionism Part-II

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Here is a more lucid definition for 'Historical Particularism: The term historical particularism refers to the idea that each culture has its own particular and unique history that is not governed by universal laws. This idea is a big component of Boasian anthropology because it is where Boasians put their focus on when studying cultures. Historical particularism was developed in contrast to Boas’ rejection of Lewis Henry Morgan’s idea of an evolutionary path and the use of the comparative method. The evolutionary path used generalities and universal themes to explain cultural similarities, but Boas “contended that cultural traits first must be explained in terms of specific cultural contexts rather than by broad reference to general evolutionary trends”. Boas and his followers would argue that cultures cannot be compared or be subjected to generalities because each culture experienced a different and unique history, even if it led to a similar cultural aspect. Historical particularism and the concept of diffusion mentioned above actually go quite a hand in hand. Traits that are similar between cultures may have diffused through interaction between various cultures. However, while these traits are similar, they will develop different and unique histories from their movement through various societies. Also Nature Vs. Nurture debate (not included in lecture) A large critique of the Boasian Anthropology is that in the nurture vs. nature debate Boas learned a lot more on the nurture side oftentimes disregarding the biological aspect that takes place within people in societies. He believed that culture and behaviors that are taught and learned within a society shape people much more than their biology. He is critiqued for dismissing the genetic makeup in his experiments looking only at how the social environment affects a group of individuals.

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