Parmenion's War 400 - 330 BC

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This video is about Parmenion, foremost general and second in command to Alexander 'The Great' during his war of conquest against the Persians.
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[@HistoryTime]

*Watch my latest history documentary here* :- kzbin.info/www/bejne/mWSrommLlquEp80 Hi guys! Thanks for stopping by. If you like what you see then don't forget to hit that subscribe button... More than 50 new videos coming this year on a huge variety of different subjects. Ancient History, Vikings, Romans, Aztecs, Scythians & More...It's History Time.

[@lordz00]

Invest in a better equipment, low sound quality is a big turn-off.

[@tylerdurden3722]

Also, invest in a bit more research. 1. Alexander did not go further east than the Persians ever had. People inexplicably assume thats Alexander aimlessly went around conquering many states. When in fact, he only conquered the Persian Empire and nothing else (he didn't even subdue it fully as he died prematurely) The Persian empire extended all the way to Sogdiana, Bactria and the Indus Valley. Everywhere Alexander went had already been conquered by the Persians, and Alexander was still inside the Persian Empire. E.g. The Indus Valley was conquered by Cyrus and Darius the Great and consisted of 7 Persian Satrapies. The Persian Empire was very decentralized. Each Satrapy was very autonomous and was like its own empire that needed to be subdued separately. And each Satrapy had autonomous clien-Kingdoms, many times aslo requiring subjugation. Alexander spent all that time consolidating his empire. This is how Alexander ended up fighting over 40 battles in the East. Alexander basically spent his entire career in the east subduing Persian Satrapies, securing borders and building strategical forts to do both. The Persian Empire was the greatest empire in history because it contained 25% of the global population. Conquering such a bohemoth was near impossible in a single lifetime. Alexander's failed proposal to invade the Nanda Empire was because a rouge client-king had inexplicably left his kingdom and gone there to request military aid. Alexander didn't want to leave a potential hostile neighbor on his border unaddressed. 2. Philotas' fate was investigated, decided and executed by the army. In Macedonia, the army exercised capital jurisdiction. Philotas was previously accused of conspiring back in Egypt. But Alexander dismissed these as rumors. The second time, it was discovered that Philotas knew about a plot by normal soldiers (that failed), and Philotas failed to report it. Philotas was forgiven by Alexander. But two days later. Philotas' brother in law, Coenus, and also Craterus renewed the charges. So a trial was held by the army. It is said that Philotas said this to Alexander before the trail: "The bitter hatred of my enemies had triumphed over your kindness". During the trial, an intercepted letter from his father was brought forward as "evidence". The short message in the letter was very vague and wasn't really sufficient as evidence, but the court found him guilty of conspiracy. Then Coenus, Craterus and Hephaestion insisted that he be tortured to reveal the whole truth concerning this vague letter. Under torture, Philotas revealed that the previous plot in Egypt was true, but he and his Father (Parmenion) decided to postpone it till after Darius was dealt with. To me this event seems like Craterus and Coenus executing some vendetta against Philotas. 3. The reason Parmenion was killed was for two reasons. His son implicated him during the torture. Parmenion had half the army under his command near Ecbatana and was very popular with the army. In Greek culture, it would have been Parmenion's duty to avenge the death of his heir. This applies especially among nobility. Because of this, he could not be allowed to live to hear about the fate of his son.

[@jayjohn9893]

Awesome video! Parmenion was pretty badass. You should do Belasarius if you haven't already. :)

[@richardlinter4111]

Belisarius [Βελισάριος], usually. But yes, not least the end story - his recall from retirement after wiping out one set of the Empire's enemies, to destroy another bunch: and his trial for corruption by a corrupt enemy. Probably not the fantastic tales following being blinded and driven to beg at the gates of Rome, although older historians believe that to be true.

[@HistoryTime]

Definitely something on Belisarius in the works. One of the greatest commanders in history.

[@stuka80]

can't wait for that!~

[@johnmanfredo1345]

Jay John I

[@andrewescocia2707]

do more of alexanders generals, they where all badass and really shine out as interesting iindividuals

[@saeedvazirian]

His enemies were even more badass though.

[@wankawanka3053]

@@saeedvazirian lol iranian coping pathetic

[@Dreamw4lk3r]

Thank you David Gemmel for first introducing me to (a romantisised version of) Parmenion

[@maisiecarruthers695]

That's where I got it from lol then read a triology by V..Manfredi on Alexander

[@davecoronado1706]

Parmenion...the true Lion of Macedon

[@mr.c.3760]

Please keep this content up! I know it's hard work but much appreciated!

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks mate! SO much more on the way :)

[@panosa2502]

The circle of Alexander the Great was one of those rare moments in history where such a large number of generals and officers of the highest-quality worked under one leader and in the same army - the reason why Alexander the Great managed to beat down the greatest Empire the then world had ever seen plus expand further fighting all sorts of enemies and all types of troops in all types of terrain in countries where Greeks went for the first time. Some Alexander's detractors, claim that it was not him but his generals who did all the work. Fact is though that had it not been Alexander, the generals would not be there to do that work but would fight civil wars in the small locality of the region of Macedonia in North Greece, at best mingling around the rest of Greeks in their wars. It was Alexander who took the Greek army to India and Western China, not Parmenion, or Crateros or Ptolemey.

[@justindie7543]

The way I like to think of Alexander is that he was a cocky kid that happened to be in command of the greatest army on Earth.

[@mpaulm]

We don’t see this again in Europe until Napoleon too.

[@nikola12nis]

Parmeniom was killed only because his son was killed by alexander due to mutiny :(

[@lv-gamer2568]

The accusation against Philotas was shady. It's widely believed that Alexander fabricated the charges against him to then get rid of both him and Parmenion who he viewed as a threat to his rule due to his popularity among the troops.

[@Munman-69]

@@lv-gamer2568 it is also said however Alexander did not want to believe that parmenion had any influence over philotas's attempted assassination to Alexander. Alexander wrote a fake letter which was falsely addressed by the now dead philotas that stated the Macedonian King is dead. Alexander ordered the men who sent the letter to carefully observe Parmenion while he read the letter. If Parmenion was in shock then he had no doing in the attempted assassination however if Parmenion smiled at the letter then the men were to kill him as it showed that he had a part or knew knowledge of his sons schemes. Unfortunately parmenion smiled

[@Pfsif]

Admission under torture.

[@Munman-69]

@@Pfsif no there was no torture

[@Crafty_Spirit]

@@Munman-69 That is a very fascinating story. How clear are the sources here... is this a could-be or considered more as a fact?

[@dr.karelis2198]

ΠΑΡΜΕΝΙΩΝ = PARMENION IN GREEK MEANS THE ONE THAT KEEPS STAYING, THAT ENDURES, ΠΑΡΑ-ΜΕΝΩ ....JUST FOR THE HISTORY.ONLY IN GREEK LANGUAGE THERE IS A MEANING FOR THE NAMES ALEXANER, FILIP, PARMENION ETCH

[@onchobg1]

I'm surprised, that no firomians haven't spotted this. Until then, good job.

[@onchobg1]

123 Haha back in the days, yes. Now days, I'm not sure, they are bunch of fucked up individuals. I would say more like Srbs with speech defect.

[@onchobg1]

123 They are unique clowns all right. I came across the new, I don't remember the name, something "New Encyclopedia of ancient Macedonian" or some thing. Pretty much the entire ancient Greek history is gone, Jesus is Macedonian, and Cleopatra, it is crazy.

[@panosa2502]

+123 _ivo Pet no no no not like Serbs, fyromians are unique, it is just amazing how a nation that was born less than a 100 years ago has one of the richest history in the world. Did you know that some of the greatest rulers who ever lived like Alexander or Tzar Samuil were fyromians_ Hahahahaha.... you forgot the ... Macedonian Dynasty at Constantinople and Basil II the Bulgar-slayer, him too a FYROMian AHAHAHAHAHAHAHA

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

ivo Pet they don even know who parmenion is probly.

[@gatotrofh25]

Parmenion was an old veteran general. He was the only one that was also a general of Phillipos the father of Alexander. He was very respected. He was followed by elite veteran troops fought under Phillipos!! They only fought at the battlefield only towards the end of the battle, after the normal troops have fought OR if they were needed to bring the FINAL SOLUTION by defeating a bad ass opponent! When they entered the field a huge wave of enthusiasm raised to the army.

[@UpcycleElectronics]

I've said it to others, I'll say it here. Your my favorite entertainment binge channel at the moment. Your setting a high bar for content writing in particular. I'm really impressed with your ability to tell more obscure stories that turn out to be really interesting, and your doing a good job with editing and music. The more YT suggests your content, the more your time you've invested should pay off with people watching all of your older content. As a suggestion, you really need to make a playlist of all of your videos in chronological order. If I were you, I would also go through all of my uploads from 2 weeks ago to the beginning and add the chronological playlist to the end screen feature. I sub'd to the first video of yours I saw. Watched a few more here and there, then have been watching most of them over the last few days. From my perspective as a random viewer that also has a good understanding of YT, eventually YT starts making suggestions for other channels or duplicate videos after someone watches 3-5 videos from one channel. You really need to enable people to watch everything consecutively so YT can't screw it up intentionally. -Jake

[@HistoryTime]

Great suggestions Jake thank you so much for the support!

[@nanphx2038]

Year later - this channel was YT suggestion. Hope that's a good sign. Now it's my new binge channel too. Thanks for these great stories.

[@mariogaeta8911]

Love your channel. So many things I thought I knew a lot about, and turns out I knew very little. One thing, I'm pretty sure Alexander's mainstay where phalangites. Hoplites are earlier and the name comes from their shield, the hoplon. Phalangites used a longer spear called the sarissa and a smaller shield

[@IllicitGreen]

that bust is Pericles

[@marbet2395]

Well done, but the face in the statue was of Pericles not of Parmenion

[@marbet2395]

Luis Luis. This is an historical video. If you speak of Parmenion using a statue of Pericle I have to tell you! No metter what the great general ( I agred he was a great general!) deserves!

[@robograham12]

No that's Parmenion. There is a similar looking bust of Pericles but this one is Parmenion.

[@olgacleo6286]

И всё же это Перикл. Никаких конкретных изображений Пармениона, насколько мне известно, не обнаружено. Авторам видео можно было бы использовать любое менее известное изображение для визуализации образа Пармениона. А лучше уж использовали бы кадры из фильма "Александр". Образы там яркие и ассоциации для всех чёткие.

[@matthewtilley7175]

The macedonians were phalangites not hoplites. The greek allies and mercenaries, well some of them were armed as hoplites. Some were cavalry, others as peltasts, some slingers. Eitherway the point is the constant drill and training of the phalangites by phillip then alexander was neccessary because the 18 to 20 foot long sarissa was unwieldy and hard to use. It required much discipline to stay together. They were also more tightly packed with small pelte shields compared to the three foot round hoplon used by hoplites. Their spear was the dory about 8 foot long. But great video man. Love em. Keep em up

[@aquaman839]

You deserve more subscribers

[@limnmark]

Very good video

[@HistoryTime]

Thanks my friend! So much more the way!

[@martinpoldma6393]

Thanks!

[@gatotrofh25]

Thracians were also a Greek tribe. The famous scientist of antiquity Democritus (the 1st person that understood the molecules and atoms) was from the Greek Thracian city of Abdera. All the Thracian coins have Greek writings and depict Greek gods and Greek mythology characters. It is funny that modern day Bulgarians, which first came in the Balkans at 680 AD about 1000 years after Alexander's era are trying to laughably adopt the "Thracian" legacy..!!

[@IronWarrior86]

I searched and found nothing about the Thracians belonging to the Hellenic branch.

[@gatotrofh25]

Iron Warrior search the link I sent showing thracian kings with Greek coins. Their god protector was the Greek god Ares, and Orpheus,. They fought together with Alexander as peltasts, they spoke and written in Greek language. Read about the Greek city of Phillippopolis today Plovdiv second biggest city lf Bulgaria. Read about the Greek colonies in the coast of Aegen and the coast of Black Sea (all have the polis meaning city in their names) and maybe you will found some evidence. The thracians were hellenized for thousand years..

[@IronWarrior86]

Yeah but being Hellenized at some point in time does not mean being ethnically Greek, rather they became influenced culturally. The Thracians also fought together with the Achaemenid Persians long before Alexander came along - so it doesn't say anything about their ethnicity.

[@gatotrofh25]

Iron Warrior the question is what ethnically Greek includes! According to the ancient philosophers "a Greek is whoever has the Greek education/culture", so...

[@IronWarrior86]

Ethnically and culturally are still two different things. The Greeks might not considered them barbarians anymore after having influenced them culturally and lingisticually.

[@steveclark5357]

thank you, best period maps ever seen , great voice, great presentation, thank you

[@rigulur]

... at least he lived a long life as an esteemed warrior. and he stayed true to his heart, to the very end

[@workingtheworld68]

Very good, nice perspective on Alexander's empire

[@jasontorczynowycz6864]

Great channel , you deserve more followers .....

[@marbet2395]

Why do you use the face of Perikles for Parmenion?

[@enscroggs]

Are we certain that the term hoplite, a descriptor commonly associated with classical Greece, fully applies to the Greco-Macedonian heavy infantry of Hellenistic Age? Hoplite arms, armor, and fighting style were quite different from those of Alexander's infantry, who fought using the long sarissa rather than the shorter dory of previous centuries. in place of than the hoplon, the characteristic heavy shield of the classical hoplite warrior, Hellenistic troops used a smaller shield, probably because the sarissa often needed both hands. Furthermore, the Greco-Macedonian phalanx was both deeper and looser than its classical counterpart, which prevented the overlapping shield-wall typical of 5th-century BC Greek warfare but compensated with much-increased maneuverability on the battlefield.

[@zoesdada8923]

You deserve far more subscribers.

[@jameskelman9856]

Well done! Thanks!

[@johnstark5275]

Great job

[@ilejovcevski79]

And that's how megalomaniacs get recorded in history.....on top of the corpses of their most capable and trusted associates :'(

[@milesy343]

ilejovcevski79 well it was a different time a more brutal time...they didnt live and thrive because they where super sensitive snowflakes...he secured his rule through sheer dominance like countless others did...and look today nearly 2500yrs later and we are still studying him

[@milesy343]

Oliver S. agreed but not uncommon...history is littered with bloodbaths within familys or political rivalry

[@andrewescocia2707]

impossible to say if it was unnecessary but we will never know, but it was the way things where done in that time in that culture

[@ilejovcevski79]

True on both accounts.....yet in some ways, it was all for naught. He didn't actually live long enough to reap the fruits of his labor. And his labor sort of died with him.

[@kingofmaiars]

Do you even hear yourself? How can you speak with such certainty about what he really wanted. If you weren't already convinced that he was megalomaniac tyrant, you wound't say he couldn' reap whatever fruits he worked for.

[@kcloe88]

Could you do a video about Joshua and/or King David?

[@172T8]

I want to read from year 1 AD. What history book can i start with?

[@zeus0710]

Great video! Parmenion deserves more credit in Alexanders battles. He was an experienced veteran.

[@AgnosticFonts00]

Are Phalanx guys considered hoplites?

[@nickbotsford4567]

Hoplites fought in a a phalanx

[@Babis_Barmaxizoglou]

phalanx is a formation of solid block of man,not a battle ground chess.......hoplite phallanx(spear)...macedonian phallanx(sarissa)....roman phallanx(sword or spear block)...vicking phallanx(sieldwall)

[@dr.karelis2198]

HELLENIC PHALANX OF THE HELLENIC- CITY STATES ERA IS A SIMILAR FORMATION OF THE MACEDONIAN-ERA HELLENIC PHALANX IF YOU CONSIDER THAT IT MEANS THAT MAN FOUGHT ONE BESIDES THE OTHER AS A SOLID UNIT.MACEDONIAN PHALANX WAS AN IMPROVED VERSION OF THE OLD PHALANX AFTER FILIP THE SECOND WAS TRAINED IN ANCIENT THEBES IN PELOPONNESE AND COPIED THEIR TACTICS ...

[@kostasmponis1386]

Its a phalanx hoplite unit with much longer spears and smaller shields

[@Crafty_Spirit]

Nice video but with some unnecessary errors to be honest :-) Like it says in the map Ionian cities would be located on the Western Agean

[@miguelmontenegro3520]

Imagine what went through Alexander's head. Greek customs were weird. I think imprisioning Philotas could have worked better.

[@Euro.Patriot]

Until Parmenion found out.

[@atrollincentralpark1901]

A Future Kenobi Voice I 👂

[@jjuxe3338]

Alexander was the greatest leader that ever lived (except for Sirus). His benevolence far outweighed any gossipy virtue signaling most of the writers about him (mainly from the victorian age) drone on about. We should be so lucky to have a leader with a fraction of his genius in intellect, management on the largest of scales and diplomacy. Don't buy the holier than thou bullshit. It's just people trying to look like good people by calling others bad without even close to enough information to pass that kind of judgment on a person so much greater than practically anyone who has ever existed since.

[@RexGalilae]

It's almost as if he sacrificed all his rationality, statesmanship, diplomacy and long term planning in favor of being a great general. Apart from being an excellent military commander, though arguably in command of the most trained, experienced and advanced army of the era, there wasn't much great about him after all. He could've chosen to return to Persopolis and consolidate his rule in Asia than go around burning and pillaging regions in the East, tiring his armies

[@matikhorasani3842]

The Persians had roughly the same number of men as the Greeks at Gaugamela. At the very best they probably had around ten thousand more troops. No modern historian accepts the fantastic numbers the Greek sources tell us.

[@parmenion2965]

Mati khorasani 23000 is correct number

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

Mati khorasani no 2:1 is the smallest ratio and it was up to 3:1

[@matikhorasani3842]

Σοφοκλής Τόλε For many reasons that is highly implausible.

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

Mati khorasani highly implausible for the largest empire of the know world at that time to generate 80,000 men when the greeks easily had 44,000 what the implausible part?

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

Mati khorasani bring that ass here boi.. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaugamela MODERN ESTIMATES:90,000-120,000 men. Highly implausible my ass.

[@johngallant7341]

Oh dear macedonian close formation foot are phalangites not hopolites .Hopolites were armed differently most notably with the Hoplon shield from which they get their name. The Companions were normally used on one flank not both flanks the other flank was often held by the thessalian cavalry. The immortal infantry no longer existed under the late achaemenid they had been replaced with 2 different guard units .The applebearers were the foot gaurds taking the name from the shape of the butspike on the spears used by them.More important were the kinsmen who were a mounted unit ( i think the name says what they were composed of).Indeed the Persian elite were cavalry at this time and the lower classes were skirmishing infantry,this is why the majority of the good close order foot were greek mercenaries and these were indeed mostly hopolites.

[@FinMertons]

He wasn't Great, he was the Alexander the Meh.

[@georgeschlaline6057]

Later History Time big day tomorrow

[@unklesamory9425]

His empire fell apart pretty quick......

[@8393Robertrex]

Lion of macedon brought me here lol

[@tiami3886]

the division of A's empire= map of First Crusade.

[@rogerwilson9892]

Alexander had no choice but if he like Parmenion live than he would have looked weak and embolden other to rebel.

[@symensymen3175]

There is no makedonian city outside of greek borders.

[@simulatedpilot3441]

Symen Symen no but many cities outside of Greece especially in antiquity Rose from Greek influence

[@wankawanka3053]

Macedonia is greek

[@nikzad2167]

gaugamela was not the last battle! Aria barzan's last stand near persepolis witch was very much like the battle of thermopylae. just saying, though its not intresting for the westerns

[@HistoryTime]

Nick Zad Thanks for the input buddy. You make a valid point, so much so that i've decided to cover it in a video.

[@69TheGG]

Why did people in BC times count down to 0 like? Know what I mean anyone ? When did people realize like okay let’s start counting up? how was Jesus birth associated with that at the time though, and what did the Babylonian s in BC time say the year was then ? I’ve always wondered this

[@69TheGG]

Anyone know ?

[@gesuntight]

Are you serious lmao

[@jonjosenna5581]

Behind the great commanders, their was military geniuses like Parmenion and Subatai.

[@mr.logical2816]

Alexander the Great used pikemen not hoplites in his army.

[@adrianwilliams6908]

Pezetaroi?

[@wankawanka3053]

His pikemen were just hoplites with longer sticks

[@frankfischer1281]

Perhaps Alexander was not as ‘Great’ as history makes him out to be.

[@Rohit-tp7qx]

Antigonus lead the center people forgot him

[@MKfanmomo]

Largest empire in that time would be more correct.

[@HistoryTime]

It was the largest empire the world had ever seen up until that point.

[@MKfanmomo]

Now that's more like it :) nice channel btw, always a pleasure to see fellow history buffs doing this kind of content.

[@user-pz3nh1ob3x]

It was the largest empire at a population standard that the word had ever seen

[@fransbuijs808]

Parmenion lived to be 130?

[@arnavdharadhar5198]

He was born in 400 BC and died in 330BC. He lived for (400-330=) 70 years.

[@Imrahilp]

Alexander the Great, or likely the greatest legend in the world

[@MJFAN666]

Wtf, parmenian got killed by his own people???

[@jforozco12]

his own king, to whom he remained loyal to end. Paranoia took the best of alexander and made him cannibalize the men who prop him up in the first place

[@goldenmemes51]

parmenion is like subutai to genghis except genghis n the other khans were smart

[@TheBuddahLoc]

Golden Memes subatai is probably the greatest commander in history.

[@TheBuddahLoc]

Joe Blow he actually won more battles than any commander in history though. He traveled father than anybody and conquered more territory than anyone.

[@lowpull622]

BuddaH LoC...yeah, but as often conquers do; he only ruled for like 13yrs, (Alexander the Great) his empire eventually collapsed. I often wonder why Empires fall...there has to have been a flaw in them from the beginning..... I would say what made him great, is the legacy he left behind; the enduring Hellenistic ideals that influenced through to modern culture. The fact that we're talking about him, is what makes him great!!! ...oh yeah, and he was undefeated! ...mike drop...

[@arianrezaie4729]

Alexander never went more east than the persians the indo greek kingdom did

[@Euro.Patriot]

Alexander penetrated India.

[@indrekpringi4560]

7.... SEVEN THE MARK OF THE UNDEAD THE MARK OF EVIL YE FOOLS >BLIND TO THE UNDEAD ARE SWINE AND CATTLE aAWAITING YOUR DOOM

[@BA-gn3qb]

Parmenion was 70 years old? Title says 400-330 BC.

[@dimitriosalexikeravnos7736]

Change tittle!!!

[@omninechtan1]

Alexander was nothing compared to his Father Philip ii

[@detoxicinspection]

Dude you've been watching too much Oliver Stone films. How do you know he greeted them like brothers? Where you actually there? No one knows what happened there and who was actually betraying who. When you are referring to historical events try to be more objective and don't try to "push" people to what suits you better..

[@andrejmucic5003]

Not the largest empire the world has ever know! Please be accurate, a bit. This is supposed to be a history site!

[@cyncus1]

Andrej Mucic up to that point it was... of course the Mongol, British were larger but the narrator was implying up to that point in history

[@ConstantineJoseph]

Not exactly the largest empire ever. The Mongols out did him

[@yulusleonard985]

mongols only raid and collect tribute. its easy to expand but dificult to maintain. mongols empire rapidly fragmented and destroyed.

[@James-sk4db]

to be fair the hellenic empire was built in less than 10 years, mongols were over several decades. Had alexander lived as long as Genghis he may have conquered more

[@deliriumbee4678]

Constantine Joseph and that shows u know shit about history

[@ConstantineJoseph]

Yeah but the Mongols conquered entirety of China which the British couldn't even with the Opium trade and wars. The Mongols used similar technologies with all her rivals unlike the Brits who were far more advanced with technology over the new colonies. In terms of a level playing field the Mongols certainly were by the greatest force ever. The Teutonic Knights were summarily butchered by them as well consisting of the elite German crusaders. In my opinion the Mongols could easily have conquered Europe if not for internal in fighting

[@sc18594]

i think what he really meant is the largest empire at the time.

[@arianrezaie4729]

Going more eastwards then the persians ever had BS

[@herbthompson8937]

Philotas..trusted general....hahahaha

[@user-ss3xq4nu3g]

The map in 0.12 is not correct.It is yet an other F.y.r.o.m propagada.Macedon is Greek,get over it.

[@snowdrop9810]

1.199likes?

[@greenleader4517]

You've all honored your country and your ancestors and now we come to this most distant place in Asia where across from us Darius has at last gathered a vast army, but look again at this horde and ask yourselves, who is this great king who pays assassins in gold coins to murder my father, our king in a most despicable and cowardly manner? Who is this great king Darius who enslaves his own men to fight? Who is this king but a king of air? These men do not fight for their homes. They fight because this king tells them they must. And when they fight, they will melt away like the air, because they know no loyalty to a king of slaves! But we are not here today as slaves. We are here today... as Macedonian free men! And all their arms, their numbers, their chariots and their fine horses will mean nothing in the hands of slaves. Some of you, perhaps myself, will not live to see the sun set over these mountains today, for I will be in the very thick of battle with you. But remember this, the greatest honor a man can achieve is to live with great courage, and to die gloriously in battle for his home. I say to you what every warrior has known since the beginning of time: conquer your fear and I promise you you will conquer death! Someday I promise you, your sons and grandsons will look into your eyes. And when they ask you why you fought so bravely at Gaugamela, you will answer, with all the strength of your great, great hearts: "I was here this day at Gaugamela...for the freedom...and glory...of Greece!" Zeus be with us!

[@craigkdillon]

I was going to say how silly that speech was. Saying to the Greeks that they are fighting for freedom while a thousand miles inside Persia. But, then, I thought how we tell our soldiers they are fighting for our freedom in Vietnam, Iraq, and Afghanistan. 2300 years, and our leaders tell the same lies.

[@MilanPavlovic540]

He was 70 years old. Even if he wasn't assasinated, do you think he would have had lived a long time afterwards?

[@christiancristof491]

And?

[@stuka80]

so its ok to kill him then after all his loyal service?

[@MilanPavlovic540]

From a point of greedy, ambitious, despotic and empathy-less monster that Alexander had become, yes. By being loyal his whole life to other people, he just showed what a pawn he was. I don't know what he was expecting beside all these ambitious, greedy and cunning man around him, other then to be betrayed and cast from existence when the time was perfect.

[@inmysoul7]

Stoped watching when illyrians mentioned like indo-european people hahaha.

[@christiancristof491]

Ok.

[@rescuearch7802]

There is no doubt among intelligent people that Illyrian is an Indo-European languge. The vocabulary is poorly known, but the few words we know are clearly Indo-European in nature.

[@BP-vk2yn]

William Truderung And even if they weren't Indo-European, they likely were mostly assimilated with Indo-European peoples as the native culture disappears before Rome arrives with some exception to Dacia.

[@bOjan1141]

Macedonia never hellenic. Long live Macedonia and Macedonians

[@Euro.Patriot]

Not another one of you speds.

[@wankawanka3053]

Lol explain the meaning of the name parmenion slav 🎪🇲🇰🎪🇲🇰😉

[@symensymen3175]

Don't forget alexander had black hair. Jealous europeans.hahaha.

[@christiancristof491]

?

[@wankawanka3053]

Weirdo

[@free4492]

there was not a single greek soldier in alexander army. Greeks even allied with persians to get rid of him. His army was mainly Macedonian with Epirotes and Illyrians. Now im waiting for that smart greek internet histarion reply withe standart BS that alexander unified greeks and made they pay tribute and he was greek because he learned greek at school.

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

Free he was greek im not even gonna waste time thats just the truth. Just google alexander is greek? There should be enough evidence even for a dense head like yours I assume is.

[@user-dn4ou7io1f]

Free ok you knobhead here we go: 1 Philip was greek. Macedonia is as greek as sparta or athens were of course there was no nation of greece but there was the notion of Hellenes people with the same identity,origins,race. 2. Philip took part in the Olympic Games ,only Hellenes,meaning greeks could join the olympics. SO HE WAS GREEK. 3 Epeirus was conquered by greeks who subjugated the local illyrian tribes so if olympia marries philip im guessing she was royal or nobility meaning greek . BOTH OF HIS PARENTS WERE HELLENES/ Έλληνες/Greek. Also the myth of him being zeus son if assumed to be true by your moronic logic he was the son of a greek god as greek as it gets. He was a greek as Pericles,Sokrates etc.

[@parmenion2965]

Free first off all because you read a lot as you say then you know filip wash winner in olympic games and he won in races with horses and as you know in olympic games only greeks can take part

[@parmenion2965]

Free and why all historians as you say after the death of alexander give the name hellenistic period and no macedonian period?

[@parmenion2965]

Σοφοκλής Τόλε μονο αυτο θα τους και τιποτα αλλο γιατι μετα το θανατο ολοι οι ιστορικοι ονομασαν ελληνιστικη περιοδο και ας να μπερδευουν την πουτσα με τη βουρτσα

[@kirilmitev5591]

Watch thracian warriors video and their equipment.These are not connected to Greece

[@gatotrofh25]

Kiril Mitev Thracians are and also were pure Greeks. They spoke and write in Greek and they had Greek names. Democritus the biggest scientist of the antiquity was from the Greek Thracian city of Abdera. Are you illiterate? It seems you don't have schools in your country or you didn't go probably?

[@kirilmitev5591]

Konstantinos Stavrou you are like the Macedonians who think that everything is Macedonian. You are so stupid that steal everything that the others have. So you are illiterate because please tell me who is the first settled in the balkans and the first fabricated gold .The Greeks are a combination between the Thracians and Danayans who come from Africa .There are many greek philosophers who has written different things about the Thracians but by them comes the myth about the titans who are very tall and strong- the Thracians who are 2 metres high and strong than the 1.4 metres Danayans who are like Ethiopians. So if you are so stupid to lie like a troll it is your mistake. Also God Ares is the Thracian god of war thats why they are called arians so Bulg(aria ) .These are not real things that you inform the people.

[@gatotrofh25]

Kiril Mitev Stealing what and from whom? Are you a Thracian? What is your nationality??

[@kirilmitev5591]

Konstantinos Stavrou yes I am a Thracian from Thracia - Plovdiv

[@kirilmitev5591]

Konstantinos Stavrou I mean you are always stealing our history pretending to be yours

[@kirilmitev5591]

It is not Greek but thracian

[@thanospappos1078]

Kiril Mitev ?

[@savvasavramidis2240]

In Greek Mythology According to Greek mythology, there was an ancestor called Thrax who was the son of the god of war Mars. The god Mars was said to have lived in Thrace. In another version and according to Euripides (in the work of The Thracians the golden shields) he mentions that the name of Mars was Thrax, who was the patron of the Thracians and whose golden shield was kept in his temple at Vistonida, Thrace. In Greek mythology, Thrace was the daughter of Ocean and Parthenopi, sister of Europe. The Thracians appear in the Iliad of Homer as allies of the Trojans under the leadership of Akamas and Pyros or Pyrrhus. Later in the Iliad, another king, Rissos, appeared, who was killed after a night raid by Diomedes and Odysseus in the camp of Trojan. Another mythological king of Thrace was Kissius, who lived in western Thrace at that time and later Macedonia, who was the father of Trojan Elder Antonora. It should be noted here that the Homeric Thrace extended as far as the Axios River to the west, the Hellespont and the Black Sea to the east. The north extended to present-day Serbia and throughout Bulgaria. Greek mythology is full of Thrace kings such as Diomedes of Thrace, Tireas, Lycurgus, Phineas, Evmolpos, Polymnestor, Oyagros (father of Orpheus) and others. Also the tribe that Homer called Thrace included many tribes because ancient Thrace was a place of tribes such as the Idonians living in the area between the Strymonas and Nestos rivers, the Visalites living in the area between the Axios and Strimonas rivers, the Cikons the area of ​​present-day Rhodope, the Vistones, the Dovirs, the Mughdons, the Satras, the Apsinthians and many others. the names are very greek so there is no need to say ethnicity...... Στην Ελληνική Μυθολογία Κατά την ελληνική μυθολογία, υπήρξε ένας προπάτορας που λεγόταν Θραξ και ήταν γιος του θεού του πολέμου Άρη. Ο θεός Άρης λεγόταν ότι διέμενε στη Θράκη. Σε μια άλλη εκδοχή και σύμφωνα με τον Ευριπίδη (στο έργο του Των Θρακών οι χρυσές ασπίδες) αναφέρει ότι το όνομα του Άρη ήταν Θράξ, ο οποίος ήταν ο προστάτης των Θρακών και του οποίου η χρυσή ασπίδα φυλασσόταν στο ναό του στη Βιστονίδα της θράκης. Στην ελληνική μυθολογία η Θράκη ήταν κόρη του Ωκεανού και της Παρθενόπης, αδελφή της Ευρώπης. Οι Θράκες εμφανίζονται στην Ιλιάδα του Ομήρου ως σύμμαχοι των Τρώων με αρχηγούς τον Ακάμα και τον Πήρο ή Πήρρο. Αργότερα στη Ιλιάδα έκανε την εμφάνιση του και ένας άλλος βασιλιάς, ο Ρήσος, ο οποίος σκοτώθηκε μετά από νυχτερινή επιδρομή που έκανε ο Διομήδης και ο Οδυσσέας στο στρατόπεδο των Τρώων. Ένας άλλος μυθολογικός βασιλιάς των Θρακών ήταν ο Κισσεύς, ο οποίος ζούσε στη δυτική τότε Θράκη και μετέπειτα Μακεδονία, ο οποίος ήταν πατέρας του Τρώα πρεσβύτερου Αντήνορα. Ας σημειωθεί εδώ ότι η Ομηρική Θράκη εκτεινόταν ως τον Αξιό ποταμό δυτικά, τον Ελλήσποντο και την Μαύρη Θάλασσα ανατολικά. Βόρεια εκτεινόταν μέχρι και τη σημερινή Σερβία και ολόκληρη τη Βουλγαρία. Η ελληνική μυθολογία είναι γεμάτη από Θράκες βασιλείς όπως οι: Διομήδης των Θρακών, Τηρέας, Λυκούργος, Φινέας, Εύμολπος, Πολυμνήστωρ, Οίαγρος (πατέρας του Ορφέα) και άλλοι. Επίσης η φυλή που ο Όμηρος καλούσε Θράκες περιλάμβανε πολλές φυλές, διότι η αρχαία Θράκη ήταν τόπος διαμονής φυλών όπως οι Ηδωνοί που ζούσαν στην περιοχή μεταξύ των ποταμών Στρυμόνα και Νέστου, οι Βισάλτες που ζούσαν στην περιοχή μεταξύ των ποταμών Αξιού και Στρυμόνα, οι Κίκονες στην περιοχή της σημερινής Ροδόπης, οι Βίστωνες, οι Δόβηρες, οι Μύγδονες, οι Σάτραι, οι Αψίνθιοι και πολλοί άλλοι....τά ονόματα είναι ελληνικότατα οπότε δεν χρειάζεται να πούμε με πιά εθνότητα συγγενεύουν....

[@wankawanka3053]

Ah yes that's why everything there was written in greek and that's why the Macedonians participated in olympics 😉