What’s On The Other Side Of A Black Hole?

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Normal maps are useless inside black holes. At the event horizon - the ultimate point of no return as you approach a black hole - time and space themselves change their character. We need new coordinate systems to trace paths into the black hole interior. But the maps we draw using those coordinates reveal something unexpected - they don’t simply end inside the black hole, but continue beyond. In these maps, black holes become wormholes, and new universes lie on the other side.
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, & Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: / @jrsschattenberg
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[@RonaldMcPaul]

Of all the channels on KZbin I don't understand, this one is my favorite.

[@CyberSage796]

Lol so true

[@nathaneyring4858]

I did an undergrad in physics, which is only enough to kind of get things. This stuff only really makes sense when speaking in math, and that math is often partial differential equations. It is rough. But hey, it sounds so cool when he makes it seem almost intelligible!

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Agree

[@ddobry21]

That's the beautiful thing about outer space and astrophysics and what not, so many unknowns while the little that we do know is jaw dropping. You just wanna know more

[@mtbass3413]

Exactly what I was thinking.

[@Jeremiah6071]

“Not only is the Universe stranger than we think, it is stranger than we can think.” ― Werner Heisenberg, Across the Frontiers

[@tagunprice9762]

@To The Point 2020 lmao

[@PazLeBon]

less of the 'we' Mr Heisenberg

[@RealMasterChief117]

"Say my name" - Heisenberg

[@juluma]

It's only that strange because our theory about it is so ridiculous.

[@jhosp89]

J B . Wow that's very true!

[@HalcyonTune]

Who else tries to see how long you can try and pay attention and understand what he is saying until you eventually snap out of a thought and realize you have been drifting about in your mind for a few minutes now and are completely lost.

[@GinoNL]

🙋🏼‍♂️

[@UltimatePowa]

Thats the point, nobody understands it, not even physicists. I mean, they understand parts of it, but thats why he is asking so many questions rather than answering them. Science always leaves you with more questions in the end.

[@sh0ulderh0pper4]

I try to watch, rewind a few minutes, watch it again, rewind again.. and do this around 4, 5 times. Then I give up. But it gives me a feel good feeling to know the Universe is infinitely more mysterious, crazy and interesting than any scifi ever made.

[@Boogbama123]

Thank goodness for the comments or I would have fell asleep on the toilet 🚽

[@Horuschina]

Hehe what are you talking about . It is clear as mud

[@chrisboucher1987]

I really wish youtube and channel like this were available when I was younger, I would've been much more likely to get into math rather than asking "What am I going to ever use trig for?"

[@mandaJt]

Exactly. We're taught to hate and fear math because it's usually taught in such an ass-backwards manner. If only we were shown at a young age how fascinating it is.

[@TheJeremyKentBGross]

@@mandaJt I was in the 3rd quarter of calculus based physics in college when I realized I was finally learning all the things i desperately wanted to know in grade school but nobody would teach me. And I thought: man, why couldn't they have taught me this back then, I wouldn't have nearly flunked out of middle school before my folks brought the hammer down about studying. And then I realized that all the folks I was helping in the math lab as a tutor were elementary school education majors who could barely pass basic algebra with loads of help, and it all made perfect sense.

[@jeffw8218]

Or maybe, blame your government for giving you shitty teachers 👍

[@darknessanddistance4469]

What's on the other side of a black hole? Billions and billions of unpaired socks

[@RequiemPoete]

You fat bloated sack of protoplasam!

[@darknessanddistance4469]

38 likes it so far

[@jarnovanderzee2469]

guitar picks

[@darknessanddistance4469]

@@RequiemPoete you ego-wrecked, undisciplined Stryker in the Darkness!

[@angryyoungman66]

what's on the other side of black hole? the dark side hhhh 🤣

[@bigimskiweisenheimer8325]

I feel like the guy who realised he is sitting in the wrong class on the first day.

[@thebargoblin3226]

lmao

[@nickcarroll8565]

This was me on my first day of embryology in med school, I might as well have entered into an intermediate mandarin course 😅

[@miguela4998]

Me but on the last day

[@samueldavis5895]

Brainjock he always does. It’s pretty much expected that the the viewer has some prior knowledge in astrophysics and cosmology as well as quantum... yea, I would just watch as much as you can and over the years you will soak it up if it really interests you.

[@samueldavis5895]

Brainjock yes, I agree. Vsauce is nice too for more straight forward explanations

[@luvslogistics1725]

I can’t wrap my head around this stuff. Glad there’s people that understand physics.

[@markweerheim3628]

I'm following a course on General Relativity now at university, and for the first time in my life I have watched a PBS Space Time video and understood nearly all of it

[@lbarudi]

This is actually beautiful

[@14isoldenough]

This makes no sense. Im feel dumb asf watching this.

[@DvDick]

"think of any ridiculously energetic process, now take that number and multiply that by 10 to the power of some stupidly large number" I'm going to steal this lol

[@steviestephens3301]

This line could have easily come from the Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy.

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Lol

[@stefanhensel8611]

The energy density would be so extreme that it would instantly form a new black hole …

[@kirkanos771]

@@stefanhensel8611 You just reinvented BlackholeCeption !

[@NZRic001]

Proposee: "How good are you?" Proposer: "Think of the energy your other lovers used and what you got out of it... now take that number and multiply that by 10 to the power of some stupidly large number... THAT is how good I am." Proposee: "Here is my number." Thinking this is a theory to pursue...

[@motor-head]

Stay safe Matt. I can't imagine a world without Space Time.

[@raulcortes937]

Ba dum, tsssss!!

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

me neither

[@davidwilliams9948]

Quantum Mechanics forbids this

[@Drkwll]

Pun intended?

[@harburgsharburgs3286]

@Anirban Chakrabarti Haha, that's a good joke! Can't believe Motor Head didn't think of that one lol

[@irferf]

10:22 “it’s okay that this doesn’t make much sense" oh awesome phew

[@trexx3298]

"I understand all the words and sentences but not the meaning that they convey" - my last bench mate

[@chazblank2717]

Fry: “Are there even more universes?” Professor: “Nope. Just ours and the Cowboy Hat Universe.”

[@tagunprice9762]

LMAO

[@JamesP5871]

Good News Everyone

[@thecrow9003]

Fry from Futurama

[@lethalinjectionsquad86]

New Physics book “The Nature of Energy” (Barnes & Noble, 2020) www.barnesandnoble.com/w/the-nature-of-energy-patrick-boardman/1136605760?ean=2940163956876

[@RequiemPoete]

@@JamesP5871 I'm still technically alive!

[@erikhy]

"There once was a fellow named Dark, Who entered a black hole on a lark Time became space and space became time And he compressed to the size of a quark." -EH

[@rolandsemore7461]

Brilliant!

[@agarthalartey6868]

admirable.

[@drewskee380]

#Limericksforlife

[@nomekop777]

6:03 "If we trace those coordinates to their full extent, we get what we call a "Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution." So, you get a mess

[@cirjeex6412]

This guy makes me wanna go back to school and get a degree in physics just so i can understand this.

[@georgebeauchamp3287]

"There once was a girl named Bright; Who could travel much faster than light; She went out one day; In just such a way; And returned the previous night." - Niven

[@johnfruh]

The way I've heard it, the limerick goes something like this... "There once was a lady named Sprite; Who could travel much faster than light; She left one day; In a relative way; And returned the previous night."

[@erikhy]

And if you want to go down a classic rabbit hole, Google "Pretty Poly Nomial" or "Impure Mathematics."

[@altareggo]

I think we've all either heard or made up slightly different versions of this and most other limmericks, lol. Mine is: There was a young lady named Bright, Whose speed was much faster than light. She went out one day In a relative way, And returned the previous night!!

[@phd1313]

Nice! But maybe she had a jealous sister who tried the same, nevertheless got stuck in vain and now the b*mbo is stuck in limbo?

[@smoothred9453]

@@phd1313 luckily Bright warned her not to try that, before her sister had done it, after Bright found.

[@DarthDawydh]

It's always fun to come here and pretend to understand what he says.

[@MilkT0ast]

*sigh of relief* ok....I thought it was just me

[@sifir7538]

Same

[@skthechef8075]

Glad I'm not the only one

[@christianhannah7201]

Its not hard to follow what he says bro

[@sriramsundar8388]

Wow this means I'm not alone😌

[@eliskakordulova]

I love watching videos I don't understand a word of. It's kinda calming.

[@thomasp2516]

It is great for falling asleep!

[@mythiccheese_]

1:58 "Relatively simple"

[@randomguy-jd8su]

lol

[@banu6301]

it is indeed simple relative to more complicated math

[@drdeesnutts48]

Matt raises an interesting point, there is a substantial lack of penguins on this channel.

[@CoreDreamStudios]

club penguin music intensifies

[@davburns]

But there are monkeys and other primates. So there's that.

[@stanrogers5613]

So you want more videos on CP violation?

[@svchineeljunk-riggedschoon4038]

I'm definitely not a penguin. Got any fish?

[@LeBellmont]

I think he mistook the ducks for pengus

[@TheMrMxyspptlk]

If space and time swap inside a black hole, in which direction do I see myself spaghettified if I fall into it? - a concerned Italian.

[@RequiemPoete]

Purple

[@TheMrMxyspptlk]

@@RequiemPoete that's a fairly good answer

[@MrTribal311]

would you be able to feel spaghettification? Would you feel nothing because time is still or feel it forever (for lack of a better word)? - a confused Canadian.

[@MrTribal311]

Never mind watched a vid.....so much worse then I thought

[@RubelliteFae]

You've already been spaghettified before crossing the event horizon, so there is no longer a "you" to continue being concerned.

[@MrBernardthecow]

I started watching Spacetime about a year ago from the first episode. I have finally caught up with the episode that came out when I started. What a brilliant channel! Thank you.

[@moinakdey9268]

amazing graphics as well as amazing teaching. enjoyed it very much. one of my most favorite channels across youtube. Thanks Sir Matt O'Dowd

[@victorbruant389]

A bookshelf. Duh.

[@feynstein1004]

MURPH!

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Best movie

[@jorgepeterbarton]

Oh yeh that "accurate" movia

[@DET_C0RD]

That or it’s the kessel run.

[@korncows1]

What do you mean? A bookshelf? Like a little girls room bookshelf?

[@johnshearer8800]

"... there's no abrupt edge to spacetime flapping in the wind" made me lol

[@rebeccamaracle2878]

Anybody else picture a bathrobe? "Hey Spacetime! I can see your doodle!"

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

lol

[@thexalon]

We already know what we'd find in a parallel universe: It's like this universe, but Spock has a beard and everybody's evil!

[@tristman8413]

And I'd be rich!

[@coffeetalk924]

And you have better social skills

[@georgesolomon9505]

I think the other side is the good one 🕜🕜

[@andrewpatrick4254]

And Eric Cartman is good.

[@zach11241]

Don’t forget that PICCCCCCCCAAAARRRRRRD!!!!!! Is Khan’s evil nemesis!

[@ericelm4724]

I always used to think a black hole was an actual hole when I was younger. Then I learned more and believed they was just incredibly dense mass with such gravity even light couldn't escape. Now I'm back to square one

[@Nulley0]

Today is April's fools day Him: Faster than light travel is impossible Me: So it is possible

[@seeker11]

No, its necessary.

[@DeuceGenius]

with wormholes you could get from point a to point b faster than light

[@dharanidharnayak9766]

Tachyon are subatomic particles faster than photons / light

[@Valerio_the_wandering_sprite]

Correct, space is expanding at a superluminal speed.

[@randomguy263]

@@DeuceGenius Well, yes, but you would've also traveled back in time, so not really anything wrong there

[@hubbaba]

Please keep these episodes up during these crazy times. It really helps to keep learning! Thank you to everyone at PBS!

[@BladeRunner-td8be]

In college I was always at or near the top of the classes I took. But I wasn't taking physics or very high level math classes. The brain this guy possesses is so much more intelligent than my brain and it's not just him. In my life I've run across a lot of people who are insanely smart. I would say I only understand about 30 percent of what this guy is talking about and the amazing thing is I keep watching and listening anyway.

[@jonnnnniej]

To me there's always a big difference between people who know how to store information and people who know how to process information. It's ofcourse a plus to be able to remember a lot of info, but what's the use when you can't see the connections

[@guillaumemaurice3503]

Thank you for sharing this video that was very powerful. I really enjoyed it. Well presented.

[@TheRealGuywithoutaMustache]

Came in with curiosity Left with a degree in physics This channel talks about so many fascinating topics.

[@Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo]

Just Some Guy without a Mustache alway feels great to learn something new.

[@Thisisaweirdthing2makeusdo]

Also you need a moustache your lip will get cold

[@maestrofrags3436]

I blocked u why am i still seeing ur comments

[@nathanielmathews2617]

Seriously. I tried physics and astronomy in college and even though I learned a lot it wasn't for me despite how much I adore both of them. I'm focusing on being a psychologist. This channel allows me to continue learning at a significant rate, it even increases in complexity when you get to things such as the holographic principle. It keeps the mind seriously engaged.

[@Psiberzerker]

You need to finish advanced Calculus just to take Astrophysics. This is bordering on Science Fiction. Your graduate degree is not in the mail.

[@rickdaum6881]

I wonder why I enjoy listening to this stuff so much when I can’t understand any of it ??!!

[@jeffo9396]

Maybe you're hoping that your subconscious can understand it better than your conscious.

[@NewBeginningNewCreation]

The mind has an primal hunger of knowledge and understanding. No matter how much you try to "dumb down" the mind and go through the daily motions.

[@rickdaum6881]

martytime march well I must be working overtime 🤣

[@Boogbama123]

The real question is.....do you accept this as truth even though you don't understand? And if yes...then why?

[@Boogbama123]

@DoubleEdgeSword who mentioned religion?

[@peterszij]

14:41 "happy little entanglements" - aww, mate :D Excellent video, as always!

[@MrPanga1921]

This channel needs a cliff notes or A for dummies section. I completely understand other people when they talk about this stuff. For the most part. I come here and quickly realize... I never know what they’re saying at all lmao

[@thecount25]

Fry: So there are an infinite number of universes? Professor Farnsworth: No no, just the two.

[@laurenno8674]

Until he created that damned box.

[@Buster-im5so]

@@laurenno8674 we're sandwiched somewhere between alpha and omega (beginning and ending) in this paradoxical deferment we exist in.

@@Buster-im5so No.

[@RequiemPoete]

Bite my glorious golden ass!

[@LeNomEstYves]

@Science Revolution Found the stoner.

[@whoever6458]

What do we want? Time travel! When do we want it? It's irrelevant!

[@catharanne2323]

I know this is from 5 months ago, but gosh darn that really made me chuckle 😂😂👏🏼

[@whoever6458]

@@catharanne2323 At least we have succeeded in time travel into the future then. lol

[@catharanne2323]

@@whoever6458 😋

[@jamesfry8983]

What do we want? Time travel! When do we want it? At least 10 minutes before we thought of it

[@bazf5042]

Take it you have been watching terminator.

[@Drew_goo]

If space is infinite, doesn't that suggest that any "parallel" universe, is really the same universe as one parallel to it? If the universe is infinite, surely you would never be able to tell if you were in a "different" universe.

[@keepgoing1973]

"what's on the other side of a black hole?" Like this guy knows haha

[@troyc7726]

im always been a pretty smart person then i met people like this in college and realized i was average

[@RubelliteFae]

mood

[@rmichaud47]

I hate being average.

[@gregmerritt9366]

...and...with that in mind, I've also been that "hyperintelligent by comparison" in other environments. Kinda unsettling how little it takes to be considered a functioning adult, with that said.

[@lukeskywalker4939]

It’s all about understanding and analysis. Just because one understands more about a specific subject matter does not mean they are more intelligent they you.

[@RubelliteFae]

@@lukeskywalker4939 Agreed. Also, just because someone can fulfill the tasks which lead to their grade doesn't mean that they have a good understanding of the subject matter. It's frightening how many students now (after a generation of massive standardized testing) expect that a given question has a specifically worded answer rather than being able to work it out from the previously learned material. I.e., logic & critical thinking are quickly disappearing, even among university graduates.

[@arldoran]

"It's ok that it doesn't make much sense." Quote of the episode!

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Haha

[@dobdoa3691]

Probably because no one really knows, just conjecture and hyperbole. Do blackholes even exist in our dimension?

[@arldoran]

@@dobdoa3691 check this article pls; www.researchgate.net/publication/325709903_Are_Black_Holes_Actually_Quark_Stars

[@downsjmmyjones101]

This should be the tagline for the whole channel.

[@Mysicalgreenunicorn03]

I’m still trying to figure out why the chicken crossed the road...

[@rustyray420]

To get sphagettified

[@Boogbama123]

Or which came first the chicken or the egg

[@Vastin]

The problem with crossing the edge - any edge - of a Penrose diagram is that all those edges are *infinitely* far away. Doesn't matter if they bound on nothing, or if they bound on the event horizon of a black hole, it still takes infinite time to reach the edge, making it impossible to cross, even for light. The fact that you can draw a nice straight line across it in no way helps, because you are effectively stating that your line is infinitely long. Thus you are stuck with precisely the same problem you had with the Schwarzchild diagram - your timeline slows down infinitely as you approach this bounded 'edge' of the Penrose diagram, and you can never reach it, whether it's the unbounded 'edge' of the universe, or the Schwarzchild radius of a black hole, neither diagram allows a photon to escape our universe in less-than-infinite time.

[@ianprado1488]

Matt: _"normal maps are useless"_ Me: ptsd from flat earth arguments

[@discomfort5760]

They should know better. It's obviously a truncated octahedron.

[@01oo011]

It would be pretty flat without a normal map

[@marissajustice2411]

Yooo

[@ianprado1488]

@pyropulse maybe I am

[@thenasadude6878]

@@discomfort5760 did we obtain OCTAHEDRON of Transcendence?

[@joeltashinian5888]

INTERVIEWER: What's your favorite number? MATT: 10^some stupidly large number

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

My favorite number is the square root of TREE[3] ^ graham's number

[@Antelopesinsideme]

This made so much sense that I had to watch it twice

[@solapowsj25]

Most interesting presentation. Thank you.

[@JakDRipa]

I’m wondering how seriously we should take the idea of just extending maps to see what they look like. In sticking with the comparison to maps of earth, I can imagine someone saying “the lines converge at the north and south poles, so if we extend the lines, we can see that there’s mirror reversed earths stuck to the north and south poles, as the longitudes diverge again.”

[@dantemereanca4596]

My thoughts exactly. Penrose diagrams are just a model that fit our observations of the universe. They are not a rule book that the universe follows and it’s quite possible that the penrose diagram would simply not work when trying to explain what happens when you cross the event horizon

[@MattH-wg7ou]

"A Plummeting Cartographer" is going to be the name of my band.

[@over7532]

Gay!

[@thestruggler3338]

Im thinking.. The .Super Lumenals

[@tonysantiago6643]

Mines gonna be "White Hole" lol!

[@ArnabBose]

I like The Silent Cartographer too.

[@ajones3038]

Too bad it's not the late 90s early 2000s when some people actually cared about crappy alt rock bands

[@logicalrationalfishing7481]

I always had issues with space's "flat" nature and what black holes do to space time. I have to agree (for now) that the parallel universe is just a mathematical description of our current universe. I feel if the black hole was in the center of a page, and you entered on the bottom right corner, you would leave in the upper left (assuming that flight plan, right to left 45 degree angle) while still being affected somewhat by time dilation, aging less than the surrounding universe but still existing and exiting the black hole in OUR universe...

[@franckgambu244]

On a mundane point of view, people tend to forget than besides the required FTL speed, you also have to dig trough a huge neutron star to reach the singularity.

[@danielm.1441]

"An inevitable crushing future in which the space around you becomes infinitely curved" Are singularities the end result of self-isolation?

[@ronsutherland9494]

l SciFSCIFI ll

[@mykofreder1682]

To use a worm hole you would have to survive the near infinite density and your atoms being torn back into elementary particles or even some lower levels of time/space/particles we are unaware of. An infinite number of possibilities come from fantasy mathematics beyond the event horizon. The realm of the densest part of a black hole is probably unobtainable in experiments and the real physics of the super dense probably will never be known. Extending what we observe into the area is a logical approach but most likely doesn't come close to the reality of the real black hole.

[@manonthedollar]

I saw the title and thought, "there's gonna be Penrose diagrams!" And behold, there were Penrose diagrams. I learned about those from this channel. Thanks!

[@olidouze8022]

Such an awesome channel with high quality videos!

[@maryt7959]

You are great at explaining the science of the universe !!!! 👏👏👏❤️

[@77x5ghost]

just backwards long jump multiple times and you'll end up in a parallel universe

[@scottbrown2252]

Yih! Yih! Yih! Yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yi-yihoo!

[@CyberSage796]

Is that mario 64 reference?

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

Wow

[@T34RG45]

@@CyberSage796 speedrunner mario vs melee fox by TerminalMontage

[@lorenh763]

This actually works

[@phd1313]

When Matt is starting to have difficulty pronouncing his own text, you know you are about to rewind 10 seconds (or back to the beginning)

[@catman64k]

well, at least he is trying to pronounce all properly and is improving over time. Not every scientist is english speaking, so you have a lot of german, french, russian, etc scientist as well, after whom are certain things named. so he has a lot of names, that are pronounced very differently, from what you are used to in english.

[@positionthepositron]

Perhaps the singularity of a black holes is entangled with the big bang, thus timelessly allowing a black hole to have a past consistent with it's future.

[@ericnail1]

Three hours have passed, endless science questions queried, and for each, you sir have had a video. Kudos.

[@teratokomi8731]

Black holes dont have a back side. They just have an inside.

[@dezmondtchalla3126]

Thats what I came here for. Thank you

[@GinoNL]

That depends. Are you looking from a 2d/3d/4d perspective? Do you include/exclude the even horizon? Do you include quantum mechanics?

[@MrPublicPain]

White room, obviously! The chairs are comfy but the wait times are endless!

[@MammaApa]

At least the music is good. IT'S 3 AM ETERNAL.

[@inertnet]

@@MammaApa Or Cream: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIOcYZqHYrh8l7s

[@thenasadude6878]

Is it a white room, with black curtains, near the station?

[@samsungtelevision695]

MammaApa KLF is gonna rock ya

[@MS-vn2pb]

I always love when you guys say "faster than light travel is impossible" and I'm just here like 👌😌 sure bro, you'll see.

[@jacobopstad5483]

Not sure where to go to ask this so I'll ask it here: Is there any theoretical upper limit to the size of a black hole? And if there is, what would happen if a black hole reached that limit? Could universe-sized black holes exist?

[@MaxOakland]

That’s a really interesting question I’ve never seen anyone ask before

[@Nickydoo-os2ny]

Me: We did it! We made it to another universe! Warhammer 40k Universe: Immediate high gothic chanting Me: Uhhhh let's go back!

[@herbertkeithmiller]

A viewer 20 years from now; Why is Matt emphasizing he's alone in his apartment and using hand sanitizer?

[@useodyseeorbitchute9450]

You don't want to know... those days of late republic period were highly decadent.

[@bicycleninja1685]

...talking about how entanglement doesn't have to be monogamous.

[@rere4202]

There is a 50% probability that the observed result is in fact a bottle of lube, you just measured it wrong.

[@uberfu]

at Herbert Miller -- Does that preclude everyone making web videos (or content) going back to at least the start of Feb 2020 put a disclaimer on every thing they produce? Or mabye you simply infer that people would be too dumb to correlate the historical events of 2020 and figure it out? Go search for photos of 1930s era depression lines ... "Gee, I wonder why all those people are standing in line, must be for concert tickets? No wait .. that sign says 'free food'; must be either 'normal' homeless or a promotion at the restaurant in the picture; couldn't possibly be a national depression, because ya know there was no Internet back then". Based on your comment, I kind of put you in the latter. PS - Make sure you label your comment so people 20 years from now know WTF you're comment is referencing.

[@jackbrady9738]

Mega well explained great graphics thank u

[@MrProset]

These PBS shows are so good, pbs eons, origin of Everything and 2 cents 👌

[@oberoiswisdom9589]

This is the most satisfying answer to this question I've ever seen

[@Danimal1177]

10:20: "It's okay that this doesn't make much sense." Good, now I don't fee quite as dumb.

[@HGPOfficialGaming]

Just found out this video, that I can watch it in 2160p. I am astounded. It looks.... amazing!

[@souravrakshit4062]

Perelman solved 3 manifold theory and Poincare conjecture by omitting singularities of two spheres . It suggests us to form a connection between two something sphere like black holes or universes. Manyfold topology suggest us to form a global universe where each universe is atom like.

[@albertjackinson]

1:56 Matt: A relatively simple bit of math. Me: *looks at the schwarzschild metric* You have got to be kidding me! That's not simple at all!

[@Erik-pu4mj]

Everything is relative in physics.

[@John-jc3ty]

compared to the math required to get the metric of a regular rotating and non eternal blackhole...

[@albertjackinson]

@@Erik-pu4mj Good point.

[@sadderwhiskeymann]

maybe a joke? humor? anybody? edit:in not, i am with John!

[@filonin2]

@@sadderwhiskeymann It's not even pages long. It IS pretty simple, relatively.

[@FGDDD7]

Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution. That acronym can't be an accident

[@sciencetablet2634]

Sharp

[@Amatsuyomi]

I SAID THE SAME THING 🤣🤣🤣

[@z1mt0n1x2]

Its a mess

[@Yetipfote]

The ape falling into the funnel had me in stitches 😂

[@Bendetoma]

I seem to have a weird kind of ASMR where I enjoy someone talking about scientific things I barely understand, if at all

[@evilotis01]

a "Maximally Extended Schwarzchild Solution", eh? a right old MESS indeed

[@elementfayt]

you keep doing whatever it is that you are doing :)

[@christopherk.8550]

What if the "edge" of the universe was an inside-out black hole, or at least acted as such? Imagine a flat plane that only seems to stretch out infinitely, but if you were to zoom out enough you'd see the edges start to curve downward until they drop off straight downwards infinitely, just like the flat plane representation of a black hole. The resulting diagram would be shaped like a really big cylinder. I've watched so many of these I can't recall if this idea has already been thought up or not, but i thought I'd bring it up anyways bc i think its an interesting alternative idea to what the "edge" could be

[@tanner.mackey.mp3]

By an "inside out black hole" do you refer to a white hole? Because if the "edge" of our universe were that, it would emit a lot of light and repel things from it with great force. Not only does that go against all the findings of the nature of the expansion of the universe, which is going outwards not inwards, but it also would likely negate effects we see like red-shifting and Hawkings background radiation. If the edge of our universe was specifically something that emit a great deal of light and gravitational force, I imagine that would be observable at some point when you get those star images where you can zoom into darkness and it reveals hundred of millions of stars packed together. I think a more accurate image of our universe would be a shape we can't physically imagine because all of its sides would be connecting to the opposite side, sort of akin to a sphere, but if at any given point on the sphere it connected to the point directly opposite of it on the other side of the sphere. The Universe very specifically does not have any sort of edge, and the PBS guy specifically mentions that being a bit of a problem in interpreting the flat plane representation of our universe. Just like how things get disproportional on the map of Earth, the Universe map is disproportional because it's intentionally putting an "end" on things that are infinite.

[@christopherk.8550]

@@tanner.mackey.mp3 No i wasnt thinking quite like a white hole.... I was just imagining a spherical boundary (assuming one can be assigned) around the universe that acted similar to a black hole, in that it attracts matter in some way as an alternative way of explaining why intergalactic space is expanding faster than we think it should be. Idk, in hindsight it probably doesnt make too much sense now, honestly just trying to think creatively to keep my brain from rotting in quarantine lol

[@marioalban1495]

Its a wall of fire.....

[@badboymowersofnorman6011]

Read my comment. I think it is aligned with yours in a way. And has nothing to with what the scientists say.

[@badboymowersofnorman6011]

Trust me...your as right as they are.

[@hellangel28]

14:52 -> the sanitizer brought me a chuckle!

[@tomnoyb8301]

1) Boundary conditions always lead to quantization. Black holes have some of the sharpest boundary conditions, so what are the quantized metrics? 2) Hard boundaries also allow tunneling. Especially true when the allowed energy levels reverse direction. It takes infinite energy to accelerate an object to SoL, but it generates infinite energy upon tunneling through. Net-zero to tunnel through. Where is the tunneling?

[@zolikoff]

Start of video: "Normal maps are useless..." CGI artist: *angrily closes video and unsubscribes*

[@momoproblems0]

why? in CGI you can make anything, so if anything they will be excited. Noob.

[@FENomadtrooper]

Then he starts dissing stretching in UV maps.

[@mduckernz]

@@momoproblems0 You didn't understand the reference.

[@kjustkses]

Just another turtle. It just turtles all the way down. 🐢 🐢🐢🐢🐢...

[@aadipandey8237]

Whales , there are whales below turtles ...

[@cofa4011]

@@aadipandey8237 No..; Elephants, you tourist...

[@aadipandey8237]

@@cofa4011 well some way down there are whales too , I m pretty sure abt that.

[@chandlermccullen3515]

I love sturgill Simpson

[@TheExoplanetsChannel]

.

[@cobalius]

Take a shot each time he says "spacetime" and binge watch his vids :D I doubt you brought enough to drink muahahaha

[@Grassyknolldallas]

There are certain places on earth that have portals, mostly in national parks and remote mountain areas.

[@VaderDarth512]

Question: According to the theory of Hawking Radiation, a black hole may eventually evaporate away (in a very very long time) right? In addition, when one is falling into a black hole, time slows down for them and they see the universe behind them with its time accelerated faster and faster. My question is, that is it possible that the black hole would dissolve before the person reaches the singularity? I might be wrong in most of what i said lol

[@archias69]

This was answered in a previous video about black holes, you don't actually see the universe in fastforward when passing the event horizon because your past light cone does not cover that part of the diagram. Or at least that's what i understood of it.

[@ekrotte8714]

The black hole bleeds energy ergo mass via this radiation. If it looses enough energy, shouldn't it cease to be dense enough to be a black hole? Or does it shrink in diameter?

[@michalbreznicky7460]

I was wondering myself. Apparently, regarding the universe, you wouldn't see it accelerate unless you fire your rockets in order to slow down your fall and try to race away at near light speed. If you instead stay in free-fall, you will see the universe at a normal pace. Regarding the Hawking radiation, I found this: physics.stackexchange.com/questions/22498/from-where-in-space-time-does-hawking-radiation-originate. The diagram on the site shows an evaporating black hole, and apparently the horizon is at an 45 degree angle even in that case. That suggests that once you're in, you're doomed as usual. It's far from clear to me what happens to spacetime at the point where the black hole evaporates though. Maybe a good topic to ask for a future video? :)

[@zodiacfml]

simply think of the person as a bunch of particles.

[@Chad_Thundercock]

6:10 So, we're just not talking about how Maximally Extended Schwartzchild Solution reduces down to M.E.S.S.?

[@swancrunch]

that totally needs to be an official acronym.

[@dr_owenmaestro7540]

Is the word "mess" in some way an apt term for it? If not, there's no sound reason to make the acronym. It's this same misguided thinking that leads to stuff like "G.O.A.T.", whose connotation is pretty much the opposite of what that "term" means.

[@Chad_Thundercock]

Dr_Owen Maestro I uh, I think you missed the joke.

[@dr_owenmaestro7540]

@@Chad_Thundercock Ok, let's dig in here. What's the "joke" I missed?

[@Chad_Thundercock]

Dr_Owen Maestro To the casual chap, to "expand an equation" is to annotate every part of a shorthand variable. An example might be to write '9.8 m/sec/sec' instead of the much simpler notation 'g'. So a maximally expanded equation would seem, to someone not well versed in the math of such complex physics, to be quite a mess of numbers. Of course, finding humor in such things is always subjective. Humor or distaste, your perspective is as valid as anyone else's, and I appreciate you helping us drive the engagement algorithm for this great series.

[@flaviusmersan4110]

I’m always fascinated about how much we know about the universe and only 5 percent about the seas and oceans here on Earth

[@rakhit]

Just clicked Subscribed. Now my KZbin suggestions are going to go from how to make a 20 pound bacon cheesburger to Schwarzschild Radius, Singularities, Spaghettification, and Hawking Radiation. Awesome

[@yuvalyeru]

My heart for you and all of New-York's residents. Stay safe and may we all get through this somewhere between here and the upper vertices of spacetime! (on a Penrose diagram)

[@sting0072007]

This guy could literally tell me anything and I'd believe him

[@jovetj]

You're supposed to think! Not be a sheep.

[@sting0072007]

@@jovetj what's wrong with 🐑? They help me sleep

[@eso104]

@@sting0072007 Everything

[@travellcriner6849]

@@sting0072007 They help you sleep? Without a peep?

[@joseph8684]

@KC I think they're being sarcastic

[@Ben-Ken]

Sometimes I rewind the last 30 seconds of these videos because I'm lost and felt like I didn't hear something previously said. Nope... I heard it. Still lost.

[@JWC3RD]

It is similar to a claim that used to be made regarding the claim that Black Holes could not be seen because light can't escape. That seemed absurd to me, as well, because a particular band of light from stars behind the black hole should be gravitationally warped around the event horizon creating a light ring effect. And, interestingly, shortly after I realized that, black holes began to be depicted with warped bands of light around them, indicating that phenomenon. So, obviously, one or more people had also seen the absurdity of "not being able to visually detect a black hole".

[@VarianAlastair]

Stay safe, Matt. I want years and years worth of more Space Time content

[@Jimmy-B-]

Listening to Matts lectures is a bit like a Penrose diagram, everything is going fine then suddenly everything goes off in a tangent and im like by by 👋 aint got clue

[@markcarter9476]

Wow, this is at a new level, I obviously have some serious craming to get done ....

[@JS-ed2hg]

See I watch a lot of documentaries, science ECT and I've seen a lot about black holes different theories. How they're formed and everything but I always thought of them as being a type of almost wormhole. Very well done here.

[@sylak2112]

All have to say, I like that background painting a lot. I Love the colors scheme and contrast.

[@M4rtingale]

He protecc He attacc But most importantly He bacc

[@chasingbirds3073]

Of all the channels on KZbin this is the only one that makes me feel simultaneously so smart AND so dumb.

[@GuruishMike]

Was this super simplified? Still can't understand it, but I loved it.