Supervoids vs Colliding Universes!

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Could the mysterious Cold Spot found in the CMB be the result of a collision with a bubble universe? Try 23andMe at 23andme.com/spacetime
____________________________________________________
[CORRECTION: The calculated ISW cooling from cold spot observed voids is 0.000032 Kelvin not 0.032 K as is listed on screen, the actual cold spot temperature differential is 0.000150 Kelvin not 0.15 K, and the actual ISW cooling from the control region is 0.000014 Kelvin not 0.014 K. The actual control region temperature differential is 0.000015 Kelvin not 0.015K. Thanks to Chris Morong for catching this discrepancy!]
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Previous Episode:
The Fate of the First Stars
• The Fate of the First ...
Space Time Journal Club examines Evidence Against a Supervoid Causing the CMB Cold Spot
arxiv.org/abs/1704.03814
If you study a map of the Cosmic Microwave Background, or CMB, you may notice a large, deep blue splotch on the lower right. This area, creatively named the Cold Spot. Is this feature a statistical fluke, the signature of vast supervoids, or even the imprint of another universe?
Written by Matt O’Dowd and Alexandra Yep
Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Produced by Rusty Ward
Graphics by Kurt Ross
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)
Resources:
Local Voids as the Origin of Large Scale CMB Anomalies
arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0602478
Watching Worlds Collide
iopscience.iop.org/article/10....
Comments answer by Matt:
Fjellreven
• The Fate of the First ...
yeme
• The Fate of the First ...
myky992
• The Fate of the First ...
Andrew Wright
• The Fate of the First ...
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[@dcs_0]

Guys i found a really cool way to observe the doppler effect. Go into the street and look at cars. You will notice that the lights of the ones coming towards you look white, but the cars going away from you have lights that look red! Amazing!

[@markmartinez4155]

Daniel Shapiro I dont know why but this has me tearing up with laughter. Im a simple man, easily pleased, that is most likely the case haha good stuff

[@Hextator]

i was imagining a white light on top of a car able to be seen from both sides before i realized i was overcomplicating the joke

[@242proPRODUCTUONS]

Daniel Shapiro it took me a minute but I got it, seriously I was like "huh I guess red shift happens on a small scale". I feel very stupid.

[@dabeste6163]

Daniel Shapiro There's a better experiment. Red traffic lights actually appear green when you go fast enough due to the doppler effect. You only have to go rougly 50.000 km/s.

[@it_was_my_cat]

I tried it, but then I got hit by a car.

[@qixxxz]

When I microwave anything, there is ALWAYS a cold spot.

[@matthewhicks7740]

qixxxz lol

[@meusana3681]

that's because the microwaves in your microwave is basically as big as the box itself. thats why the round-top turns. Everything on the edges will get the full amplitude of the microwaves while the middle is sitting practically still. Ever wondered why microwave ovens are a certain size only. Look up resonance frequency of H2O

[@meusana3681]

lifehack for countering cold spots. Put the plate on the side of the round-top.

[@JLHunter61]

That is simply proof of micropenises or macrovoids or whatever they're calling it.

[@calvinlin5207]

*cough* hotpockets

[@someguy3766]

Physicist 1: "This region of spacetime I looked at is a bit colder than I expected." Physicist 2: "Probably a collision with another universe dude." You just gotta love physicists. xD

[@JohnSmith-ox3gy]

Some Guy Hmm... These orbits don't fit the calculations... Must be the planetX.

[@sfarah7307]

Yes yes yes

[@Zeminix]

*passes blunt* shhhiiieeet bro it just might be

[@ethanwagner6418]

Alien mother: Close that door! Are you trying to air condition the entire universe?

[@thecommonfool2110]

yee

[@michealroth120800]

Mhm.

[@offcialmusicvotes7140]

Same.

[@captainconcernedsr.5360]

"you may notice this spot" yes i do notice many spots

[@ahmedabbas4434]

YES EXACTLY, I wanted to mention that too.like is the problem only in the temperature regardless of the size of the spot. Because there is a huge "spot" near the middle bottom right.

[@TheAnantaSesa]

He explains in the vid that that spot is much colder than the other spots. Relatively a lot in the micro kelvin range.

[@kingdmind]

That’s why he specified “THIS spot” rather than “A spot”.

[@EmeraldView]

@@kingdmind , has anyone yet found its G spot?

[@larsulle3842]

@@EmeraldView isn't that just a myth?

[@UpcycleElectronics]

3:49 Got me to do a double take after looking away from the screen for a sec. Those Integrated Sex Wolves are crazy.

[@thehellyousay]

Yeah. For one thing, they whistle...

[@aawagga7099]

integrated sex, this sounds like both something a teen would laugh at and a class they would have it school that they hate

[@TuckerJohnson7]

5:50 "[complicated science words]. In laymans terms, [slightly less complicated science terms]". Anyway, awesome video as always!

[@JK-ff8xf]

a time stamp i liked in this video was 3:50

[@Vwcz]

"Think of 44 moons" 3:01 - Yeah that's really helpful

[@MrMakae90]

"... but hey, at least we switched to Metric." - lol

[@hussainattai4638]

Brings tears to my eyes

[@aerozord]

There are two types of countries. Countries that use the metric system, and countries that have been to the moon

[@hussainattai4638]

aerozord Jeez that was a good burn

[@dannywalker3784]

aerozord england invented imperial but hasnt been to the moon

[@jolez_4869]

There are also countries that use imperial and countries that have gone to space first, have done the first spacewalk, have sent the first animals to space and have first slept in the space.

[@chrismorong931]

You correctly said 20 and 150 microKelvin, but the images said 20 and 150 milliKelvin.

[@lukas_berger]

+

[@maxpayne438]

Chris Morong maybe because the software they use doesnt have the "mu" char?

[@nts3208]

Chris Morong Oh shit, time to delete the episode and redo the entire thing.

[@damienw4958]

Chris Morong I was thinking that all the way through...

[@lightningblender]

Just thought the same He constantly talks about μK but that's 10^-6 K not as shown 10^-3 K that's mK

[@mahikannakiham2477]

At 0:09 "You may notice a large blue splotch" *Proceeds to zoom in exactly in the opposite direction from where I was looking at*

[@gnaeiuopl]

Yeah, why does it look like there's a much bigger blue spot closer to the middle?

[@sumreensultana1860]

@@gnaeiuopl that's The largest voids

[@ashley_brown6106]

YES

[@realityveil6151]

Space physics cracks me up. "Oooh, look at these plue pixels!" "IT'S A UNIVERSE!" "Whoa, Jim, calm down man. It's just some blue pixels." "MAYBE A SUPERVOID!" "WHAT EVEN IS THAT, JIM?!"

[@MasterofFace]

Soooo true.

[@SawtoothWaves]

What's your super power? Matt: I am less likely to sneeze after eating dark chocolate.

[@uwuifyingransomware]

Truly a superpower in 2020

[@quantashonjamaldigglerbury4934]

BRUH U HAVE 10 LIKES HOW ARE U AT THE TOP

[@LargeInCharge77]

@@quantashonjamaldigglerbury4934 likes dont matter

[@djglxxii]

How can two different universes collide and merge when they each would potentially have a unique set of universal constants?

[@garethdean6382]

In eternal inflation it's not a given that universal constants would vary between universes, since in essence you're merely merging bubbles in a single, much larger universe. If there WAS a difference the more stable spacetime would 'win', and start converting the other universe at light speed from the point of contact in a massive release of energy.

[@hughbo123]

Gareth Dean How do you know that?

[@garethdean6382]

Well the complete answer is that neither I, or anyone else does; the cold spot may be evidence for another universe but says nothing of the physics of that universe. (At present; closer observation would provide clues.) The simplest version of eternal inflation would simply involve making analogs of our universe; in the same way ever bubble that forms in boiling water is filled with identical steam the universes produced would be identical. Even in that case it may be possible for one merging universe to have a 'false vacuum' and be higher energy. It's a little more tricky to create universes with different physical constants since you then need each universe to be far more 'flexible' in how it transitions from inflation; not just a move from high to low energy but an alteration of how the fundamental forces work. If you DID have universes with differing physics that form from the same inflationary space then they should be 'compatible' in that you could turn the spacetime of one into that of the other via the high energy inflationary spacetime and possibly by lower energy means. In that case the lower energy universe should convert the higher. BUT it may be possible that it would take too much energy, resulting in a 'defect' where the two universes met, a 2D barrier between the two spacetimes. So there's a lot of 'best guess' involved at this point, based on theories we've developed with our single-universe observations.

[@robertt9342]

Gareth Dean could the merging of the two universes with differing properties lead to some of the weird phenomena we observe in the quantum realm?

[@helominousholo3537]

Heinz Getwellvet Its possible between 2 different universus just look at how things merge at a subatomic level not as complex as a universe

[@fabianbecerra6936]

I wonder if you guys keep a list of all the 'future episodes' you keep promising, like that of the eternal inflation of 9:02. I really hope so because it always excites me when you say so.

[@kcwidman]

Astronomers and Astrophysicists are so freaking smart! The simple fact that it is possible to know any of this astounds me!

[@RaimarLunardi]

2:26 compression algorithm goes: fuck this shit!

[@vampyricon7026]

I remember watching a video saying white noise is incompressible. I think it was Veristablium

[@frankschneider6156]

+Vampyricon Assuming the "white noise" is truly "white noise" meaning it's totally random and completely free of any sort of information, then it is indeed incompressible.

[@garethdean6382]

Of course what you need then is an algorithm that goes 'This is random, make up some new random noise as you go along.'

[@only1kingz]

hahahaha

[@blazex224]

+Vampyricon Fellow Hello Interneter, good day to you

[@brianweltmer]

Text in the video is displaying milliKelvin when Matt is correctly stating microKelvin. Great video as always

[@seanmcguire3906]

Really great episode! I love this, very well prepared and presented in an easy to understand way, but still keeps all the important information.

[@Nate-xl5pv]

This is my favourite channel on KZbin. I don't always watch the videos right away but I'm always excited to find new ones because I know they will be good. Thanks guys for this free entertainment. It's always really interesting. Your presenter and presentation are awesome and IMO surprisingly close to perfect. I'm not religious but I think that the experience of watching your videos would be comparable with restoring my faith if I was. It's always nice to be reminded that there's more out there than we're immediately aware of. So I just wanna say thanks for this awesome content. You're amazing!

[@Sam_on_YouTube]

You should do the recent paper claiming to provide a possible explanation of dark energy. They claim it is pressure from the quantum vacuum foam. In the past, calculations of this theory were off by so many orders of magnitude it was considered the least accurate prediction in history. But the new approach does a close examination of the impact of that kind of energy density and finds that the vast majority ends up being unobservable, leaving behind an effect that is of the right magnitude for dark energy. I have no idea if this is plausible, but I bet you can help with that.

[@Samq666]

Hi

[@holandreas]

Can you send me a link or the name of the article?

[@thetruthfulchannel6348]

Fascinating! Are colliding bubbles a potential salvation from entropy?

[@jero667]

This. It could support the "big bounce" theory.

[@Omicron91]

3:00 is a good example of why we naming things "Quarks" is a good idea because if you keep reusing words like "degrees" it's a slippery slope to Gwyneth Paltrow talking about "energy" when she's getting a massage

[@Shadowrunner340]

If it is indeed another universe colliding with ours, there are a few things to consider. 1. One of the multiverse hypotheses that predicts spatially disconnected and independent "bubbles" is true. 2. Why don't we actually "see" anything (galaxies and such) from the other universe, other than the imprint it's making? 3. If it's a case of some kind of surface tension, where it's just pushing on an edge and hasn't actually broken through, that would necessitate a physical barrier at the aforementioned edge. What's the nature of that barrier? Is it something that could be traversed? 4. Such a barrier may also indicate that there is a physical "outside" that the universe is "inside" of. 5. There is the question of why we're only seeing one universe nudging us from one direction. Why not multiple universes all around ours, like bubbles grouped together? 6. Further, that could indicate some medium that the universe(s) are moving around in. What's the nature of that medium? Is it a kind of spacetime in itself? Would it necessarily be higher dimensional? 7. Physically, it doesn't make sense that there would be only two universes comprising the totality of everything that is. Either there's only one universe (which this colliding universe theory would rule out), or there are a number of them, possibly an infinite number. 8. Would all these other universes have the same physical laws as ours? If not, would only the values change, or could there be universes that don't even have all of the physical laws that we do, and/or that have laws we don't? For example, this other universe over here might have a variable _c,_ or maybe no _c_ at all? 9. It's 1:30 am right now. I'm only going to get more and more outlandish if I keep going.

[@chrisX1722]

Is there also a relatively Hot Spot? #JustWondering

[@thomastmc]

Seconded... Please do tell Matt.

[@fehmeh6292]

Yes. Just a much smaller varience.

[@thomastmc]

+feh meh Well, that's just super boring 😉

[@H20fulman]

My Mixtape is a relatively hot spot.

[@thomastmc]

+Codie Tanguma Relative to what? The Oort Cloud 😜

[@chaoaretasty]

So two questions on this. Firstly if the voids can create such a noticable effect on the CMB map is there work underway to more accurately measure these voids and calculate an ISW corrected map? Secondly, I would expect the statistical effects to be proportional not just to size but also to magnitude of such an area. The estimated chance of this area is 1/50 but if we correct for the ISW effect how much does this change the probabilities we are looking at? Obviously it's going to be an anomaly but a 1/20 would be a lot less "weird" than if it corrected to say 1/48.

[@garethdean6382]

1.) There is an effort, but it involves measuring a lot of the universe and will take quite some time; you're literally trying to measure every galaxy out as far as we can see and there are a LOT of them. 2.) The corrected probability is indeed greater, depending on how you look at it, significantly so (Though not twice as great as 1/20 would assume.) Physicists prefer something that's more likely than not, the cutoff point is often arbitrarily set at 5% chance or lower.

[@abigailpena5950]

Does anyone else, after watching these videos, have this moment when the video is over and you just say out loud "damn..." Or "whoa..."? I keep on having that because it just blows my mind.

[@give_me_my_nick_back]

Makes you think, a possibility of not having any rare properties at all should be much lower that having at least one rare property but there is a lot of room to play with giving tresholds etc.

[@NetUser-qm2ks]

Shouldn’t some parts of the CMB be beyond our observable universe by now?

[@InMaTeofDeath]

I think that's where the Reapers are hiding...

[@Infinit3Enigma]

Assuming direct control

[@2LegHumanist]

I'm going for a shit. The next comment from me will be typed while taking a shit.

[@2LegHumanist]

InMaTeofDeath Here it comes I am shitting as I write this. I literally held it in long enough to find the comment and then let it rip.

[@rudyardkipling7181]

That's grim

[@2LegHumanist]

That was a good shit.

[@fergalfarrelly8545]

I love this guy and this show. it's so comforting to see a smart person on the screen wich is very rare.

[@sammygthemanishere]

Matt, you rock! For the last few days i literally cannot stop watching these videos lol. You do such an incredible way of making very complex things understandable. I hope you guys never stop making videos!

[@saturnblue]

That's not Matt 😂

[@Galdo145]

In the event of two bubble universes colliding, is it possible (or likely) that one of them is a false vacuum relative to the other, causing the more false vacuum state to fall to the more true vacuum state starting at the point of collision?

[@garethdean6382]

Yes, that's entirely possible. In this case the 'false universe' never sees the collision, only an expanding sphere of more stable spacetime erasing everything it touches. The other universe sees a hot spot dumping energy into it.

[@N3bu14Gr4y]

Galdo145 The problem with that hypothesis is that if the universe started tunneling into a true vacuum from a singular point, we would never see it coming because the true vacuum would expand at the speed of light.

[@jokwonpope1561]

I may not understand a lotof the videos but ill be damned if I don't watch them!

[@alexandraboyd8990]

this is amazing, I love gaining knowledge during summer break!

[@flymypg]

I like that there's "always another explanation" for rare (unique) and/or unexpected observations. Even if that other explanation has the odds stacked against it, being "possible" is not it's only purpose: Alternatives also serve to provide us with new perspectives on the original observation, perhaps suggesting additional explanations that my yield better odds of being the correct one. Perspectives are important! Having a single perspective is like looking through a straw, or seeing with just one eye: You see only what you are aimed at, or a flat world. A second perspective is more like looking out a window to see the surrounding context, much like how seeing with a second eye (instead of just one) lets you perceive depth. The third perspective adds volume, but only if it is different enough from the other two. Beyond three they get harder to compare and contrast (combinatorial explosion = confusion and distraction). This is why I carefully listen to climate deniers: The odds are very much against their (often silly) positions being correct, but it makes me look at the climate data and arguments with a much more critical eye. Similarly, though I'm an atheist and skeptic, I always enjoy discussions (not debates or disputes) with people of faith. Now a leading argument for the Cold Spot has been weakened, making us look more critically not just at the overall statistics, but also at the alternative explanations. I think this is the best kind of fun a brain can have.

[@tribiz6762]

When you say the cosmic microwave background has a temperature what exactly does that mean? Does that mean that the wave length of light coming out of the background corresponds to black body radiation with the same wavelength of an object with that temperature or is it something completely different.

[@ABaumstumpf]

yes - that is exactly it. The CMB fits a theoretical black-body near perfectly, and from that we get the temp of ~ 3K.

[@gubx42]

Yes. The CMB is the closest thing we have to a perfect black body of that temperature.

[@carterhickenlooper8784]

Since the CMB is everywhere does that mean black body temperatures lower than it can never be measured without being drowned out?

[@zxwy37]

Well, it's not everywhere. You could (theoretically) make a chamber that blocks out all of CMB radiation, and as long as the thing you are supposed to measure, as well as the measuring devices can fit within that chamber, the CMB wouldn't have any effect on the measurements.

[@ABaumstumpf]

Carter - just cause it is everywhere does not mean it is strong enough to drown out other signals. Same as wherever you go there will always be the sound of you breathing - you can still hear anything that is louder just fine.

[@calebstroup6917]

"Dark Matter" could just be another fundamental force of nature that isn't directly observable at our scale (the scale of human observation). If we were on the electromagnetic scale (i.e. atomic scale), gravity would seem to not exist due to our inability to directly observe it. All we could observe is electromagnetism and all theories that we had about observations of gravity on a large scale we would attempt to explain with strong force, weak force and electromagnetism.

[@empanadasfritas7142]

This channel is only speculation.

[@kindlin]

​@@empanadasfritas7142 This channel is far from only speculation. He covers in-depth all the evidence we have to support or refute any given topic. This is real data, actual evidence, the problem is that there are almost always multiple things that could explain any given piece of data. Only through finding enough varied pieces of data can we narrow down the possible number of acceptable theories to something manageable, and then make specific testable predictions to rule out the last few theories.

[@MaximumCrafter1]

I imagine this exploration would be a bit outside of your typical range of content, but I would be interested in spacetime's attempt to explain how quantum mechanics affects daily life, the role it plays in modern electronics, etc.

[@FreeMindedMason]

The way I thought his intro was going... "Is that a giant cold spot in the cosmic microwave background... Or am I just happy to see you?"

[@FarmingtonS9]

2:28 When you notice KZbin's compression software....

[@Egregius]

Oh wow, they must have used true noise for the background, and youtube then decided that if they couldn't compress it, they'll compress Matt!

[@DadicekCz]

Yeees 😂😂😂 Good point

[@brokenacoustic]

Maybe its my ex girlfriend.

[@wetpants70]

maybe it's your mum

[@brokenacoustic]

Cant be, all my friends say shes hot lol

[@georgeabreu6392]

acousticpsychosis It's simply too good. +1

[@brokenacoustic]

I assure you, theres nothing good about your friends telling you how hot your mom is! lol

[@georgeabreu6392]

acousticpsychosis I have a thermometer, it's fine.

[@OctorokSushi]

*♫* _Now this is what it's like WHEN UNIVERSES COLLIIIIIIIIDE!_ *♫*

[@fluffigverbimmelt]

Space Time 5000?

[@IrrelevantPlease]

PBS Spacetime has both the best videos on KZbin, and the best comment sections. GG.

[@anonymousnearseattle2788]

If bubble universes can collide, then doesn't that imply that universes have edges?

[@MasterofFace]

It implies a lot of contradictions, because it is wrong.

[@memelordkuroeno2107]

@@MasterofFace how do you know it's wrong? How do you know it's right either? No one knows dude just let those who believe in multiverses. Believe in it. And if you say "you sound like a flat earther" there's too much proof that the earth is round, and thus is a fact, we don't know if multiverses exist or not but there's theories out there.

[@MasterofFace]

@@memelordkuroeno2107 Believe in fantasy if you wish, but there is a pretty big hole in the idea. What is between the multiple "universes"? Either nothing, which is impossible, or something which would mean it is all connected together in a (one) universe.

[@SplinterCell521]

dude, what if we collided with another universe, but it's matter doesn't interact with ours, and that's dark matter?

[@garethdean6382]

Then, if it's responsible for the cold spot, dark matter should all be around that spot and not here, the colliding universe is merged with ours, but not completely mixed with it.

[@gregoriikatastrov7472]

....... ...... ............ whaaa?... -.-

[@tonysales3687]

i personally feel that the cold spot is a natural part of entropy - throw a big bag of garden peas over your kitchen floor and hey - there,s a small spot where no peas rolled to a stop. or , a cold spot.

[@iamamcnea]

I was just meeting with the professor yesterday. I think we are going with "Dark Sneezeless". Anyways, you should be hearing from the institute sometime in the next 1 to 2 weeks. Congratulations, look forward to seeing you around campus.

[@randysavage2585]

You kind of look like Bigby Wolf from Fables

[@ruanvandendolder8394]

your supername: the lesslikelytosneezeaftereatingdarkchocolateman

[@ruanvandendolder8394]

hmm i gotta work on a shorter name

[@ABaumstumpf]

lltsaedcm

[@vampyricon7026]

+

[@frankschneider6156]

+Ruan Van Den Dolder what about: "Elvira" ?

[@easypeasypiano6118]

Hershneeze

[@Dawn-hd5xx]

I think in this case Occam's Razor is a pretty good rule to follow, stating you should follow the hypothesis that requires the fewest assumptions. A statistical fluke relies on exactly one: it is possible for such a cold spot to generate randomly, vs the colliding universe's multiple assumptions: multiple universes exist, they form as bubbles on infinitely inflating spacetime, they can collide, colliding would create such a cold spot, and our universe was in one such collision.

[@partymetroid]

Those were some slick special effects! Good job, PBS Space Time team!

[@vhsjpdfg]

What does it mean for two universes to collide? Does the multiverse theory redefine "universe" to mean a bounded post-inflationary pocket in a single "true" infinite universe?

[@antred11]

That's exactly what I was getting at in a comment I made. It kind of bugs me that scientists are playing it fast and loose with terms with a well-defined meaning. Universe means EVERYTHING there is. There cannot, by definition, be anything outside the universe. If there is, then what we thought to be the universe really wasn't and is instead merely a part of the actual universe.

[@Geoffronn]

So what do we call distinct components of a multiverse if not universes? Each is a universe because, under normal circumstances, no information can be exchanged between them. In this sense, the definition of 'universe' to mean 'everything' is outdated and misleading. A better, operational definition of 'universe' is that region of space with which we could have (in the past) or could (in the future) communicate with. And all such universes comprise the larger multiverse. So maybe universe doesn't mean a post-inflationary pocket since inflation could, in the future, bring two universes to collide and comprise a new universe.

[@maryann2628]

The universe could be infinite And the multiverse could be a bigger infinite What im saying its Infinite is all the number line And the bigger infinite is a line of smaller infiities It doesnt make sense.

[@RevCode]

I have a question about that "cold spot" on the cosmic microwave background map - what about the way bigger blue area just to the right and above of it?

[@frankschneider6156]

spilled coffee (and actually it's rather black/brown than blue).

[@gansan00]

I was curious, so I used a Google Cardboard and found a 360 VR video of the CMB image. It's really helpful in seeing it and you're right, at least just by looking, there are two clear big cold spots. I wonder why the higher up one isn't also worth investigating as a void.

[@bygvgt3767]

Rev came here to ask this as well "um hay guys there's a way bigger one right above it..."

[@M_Lars]

maybe the temp difference isn't as drastic as the lower one

[@chaitanyapatel1946]

Late to the party but I would comment anyway. Maybe the degree of coldness is also an important factor, not just the size. That cold spot is noticeably bigger (not the only big one) with unusually low temperature.

[@PrivateSi]

This is my favourite explanation so far.. A robust, cyclical universe model. Expanding, growing universes in expanding, growing universes. Liquid Crystal Space -- Bottom-Up Universe Thought Experiment.. Colloidal Crystal Multiverse Constraints: 3D, minimal base rules + parts. No singularities with the infinite possible -ve flux and +ve cell attraction = 2x repulsion. Balances as a close-packed lattice 1 Cell volume of flux -6, Cell +6. Pulls 6 opposites to light speed in 1 cell length Escape velocity = light speed (C) tied to the constant time light takes to move between cells Tunneling: stretched, faster than light front, light speed or slower rear Tunneling cells form in phase extrons+holons that often annihilate to regular='empty' lattice Tunneling particles reform elsewhere and their original space 'heals' as regular empty lattice Particles: Inflows repel. 6 equatorial and 2x3 polar flows (-6 if poles flow in, +6 if out) Extron: extra cell compresses the lattice, pulls flux (that pulls cells) that repel as rays Holon: flux-rich missing cell hole stretches the lattice, pulls in cells that repel as rays Dipolons: extron + holon.. Diextron: +ve + -ve extron.. Diholon: +ve + -ve holon Tempons: Cellon: lattice chunk.. Fluxon: holes.. heal to extrons+holons and/or/then annihilate 3D polar flows are more concentrated than flat equatorial flows so effect particles more Moving extrons push cells that -ve flux space behind pulls in with an inertia-providing kick Particles are surrounded by pilot waves that can diffract, interfere and alter trajectory Strong gravity may force (some) particle outflows to repel back to its inflows in a few patterns Charge Flow: -ve inflows, +ve outflows. Polar flow count. Lattice, extron, holon charge Flow has mass, gravity affects flow. Close flows attract or repel, outflows may join inflows Particles absorb charge flow force as they symmetrically accelerate cells to light speed anyway Dipolon / Matter-Antimatter: gravity shrinks matter, lowering charge emission phase resolution Close out of phase extron+holon pairs form dipolons, in phase annihilate and radiate excess flux A feeding black hole's core extrons+holons are forced in phase and annihilate. A universe grows Black Hole Universes / Recursive Conformity: Big Bang = black holes colliding and merging Gravity compacts extrons+holons, blurs phases, charge flow stops at light speed. Annihilation Total energy and matter potential is conserved. No fine tuning, universes follow the same rules Level n +/- particle lattice fields or other (joined) particle fields (+ free particles) feasible Mass / Gravity / Dark Energy: lattice charge balance, charge inflow, entanglement, universe shell Mass is (the number of) out of place lattice cells. An object's extron(s) + holon charge flow Mass pulls flux pulls mass. Lattice vibes up to 1 cell radius and light speed effect matter Outflows bounce in all directions, inflows lead to the center. Outflows tend to join inflows Mass uses up flux so void cells repel more. Universes trap cells so gravity shrinks the lattice Universes grow, shells thin, excess flux radiates, lattice expands. Shell gravity cancels inside Photon / Light / Time: relatively quantum.. particle vibes ripple charge outflows Transverse/helical waves concentrate charge flow mass to a point. 2D adds effective area Photons make lattice pilot waves that diffract in a slit but are overridden by a detector's fields Moves between cells in a constant time (+ universe expansion) as denser lattice takes more energy Gravity shrinks and acceleration compresses the lattice so both absolutely slow light locally Units shrink too and acceleration slows kinetic processes so local vacuum light speed measures C Velocity stretches kinetic processes in time as they travel more to complete. Clocks run slower The Standard Model: the possibilities are numerous. Some SM particles may be tempons

[@davidwilkie9551]

One of the best answers to the questions that should be asked. Thanks

[@kuunib7325]

Somebody just left the fridge open. Problem solved, now we can go back to videogames.

[@AlexKnauth]

Big fridge.

[@kuunib7325]

Alex Knauth Lot of beer

[@MouseGoat]

well i have heard there was a galaxy sized cloud of alcohol in space somere

[@AlexKnauth]

Bigger than that.

[@spudhead169]

I once did this in my old apartment. It was a red hot day and no air con, so I opened the freezer door in an attempt to cool down the room, but it didn't work, if anything it got warmer. How's that then?

[@PrincessEev]

Is the mixup between milli- and micro- as a prefix bugging anyone else? (ex. 0.15 K is 150 milliKelvin not microKelvin as stated)

[@EebstertheGreat]

Microkelvin is correct in this case; the text on screen is wrong. There is a correction posted in the description.

[@vampyricon7026]

+

[@briancrane7634]

Ever since Perlmutter the Universe it not what it used to be. Excellent explanation! Thank You.

[@juttypants]

I finally did the 23andme thing. Great work on this channel!

[@PrinceOfKenya]

Wouldn't an ever-inflating space push any universes that formed ridiculously far apart from each other so they could never collide?

[@oldbootz]

Space-time is created in our universe by inflation. I would assume that the definition of 'outside our universe' would also come with no space and no time, because that's strictly created inside our universe. So things couldnt be further or closer apart if there is no space. Things could no collide if there is no time...

[@buufuu8990]

i see so many people with that stupid profile picture

[@TheAnantaSesa]

+oldbootz, wouldn't the time outside our universe be 5d time in contrast to our 4d?

[@N3bu14Gr4y]

I think it means the hypersurface of our manifold is expanding within extradimensional bulk space, which doesn't expand.

[@helominousholo3537]

The Prince Of Kenya no because gravity dipz

[@viviunderhill2470]

ChocoSneeze 😎

[@EsotericBibleSecrets]

I sneeze more when I eat milk chocolate then dark. Must be because my ancestors were white.

[@JKDVIPER]

3:44 ⚠️ANSWER: PRESSURE. Matter creates force. Force can create pressure. Pressure keeps things cool. Ice is a solid for a reason. Everything can be traced back to ice. Use it to experiment.

[@whitelady1063]

Thanks for your hard work Your amazing and fascinating videos remind me how amazing and beautiful is the universe

[@simonthor7593]

"but hey, at least we changed to metric." Ooooooohhh get rekt America!!! (and Liberia and Myanmar)

[@nostalgiafactor733]

Simon Thor I'm American and standard is so dumb. I wish we used metric

[@fpvsushi8590]

+1

[@tnlaw2004]

Simon Thor metric is for casuals.

[@oskarnone5288]

casuals like the scientific community?

[@greenanubis]

+Naomi Saliba Exactly. Its just a whim, but people are sticking with it. I think it comes down to poor gratification delaying skills: metric is better and would pay off longterm but sticking with imperial lets people enjoy laziness and patriotism and economy avoid shorterm cost.

[@EsotericBibleSecrets]

Well ya can't have a big bang unless two or more universes are gettin' it on! You say 1 in 50 Universes should have a cold spot. My question is, how many universes have you seen?

[@dingdong475]

Its not really another universe. Its just a piece of our universe branched off. Thst just dosent have the same ooh factor

[@theoreticalphysicsnerd0152]

It's a hypothesis..

[@TheTwick]

Yeh, 0.016K is 16 milikelvins. Sorry, my brain got fixated on the one mistake. Great video - fascinating stuff. Cheers

[@theodorevogiatzakis3911]

I swear this channel is pure gold.

[@MirceaKitsune]

Since people made so many weird theories about this cold spot, allow me to write my own: What if it's the result of matter clumping within a higher physical dimension? Think of it like this: Suppose you take a basketball ball and cover it in a viscose liquid (such as honey), you will later see all of it piling down toward the bottom due to gravity drawing it there while a clean spot forms at the top. If our 3D space really is the surface of a 4D hypersphere, perhaps some +4D force causes matter to flow at one point on this sphere! Just a random idea that's fun to think about.

[@matthewhicks7740]

MirceaKitsune so the cold spot would be the top of our universe and there should be a warmer denser area on the opposite side of the cmb. Yes it is fun to think about.

[@snake3586]

I'm gonna go ahead and propose another idea. I'd like to imagine as the Big Bang, things did what they always do, they coalesce. Higher heat (on average) happened in most spots because it happened in the spots nearby. Imagine a balloon popping in slow motion, but in reverse. and instead of rubber, it's the heat of the expanding early universe.

[@whoeveriam0iam14222]

astronomers also have issues with naming telescopes creatively.

[@louieatkins-turkish1349]

I got it, it''s even darker energy! Solved it guys! We can all get back to our lives now. Go forth and multiply!

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Excellent video. Very interesting, ,informative and worthwhile video .

[@nts3208]

Haha, he said Sachs.

[@JK-ff8xf]

3:50

[@daydrunk11]

I'm confused why we're talking about that one little blue space when there's a bunch of larger ones elsewhere? am I missing something?

[@wearealreadydeadfam8214]

I was confused at first too. I think he said the larger areas aren’t that much cooler than the red areas. Where as the Cold Spot is much colder.

[@koriko88]

The colors are not an accurate representation of temperature. It's the coldest temperature in the smallest area, on average.

[@andrefortin1960]

I am preparing french sub-titles for this video, actually, french canadian, but they will be fine for international french too. First time I do it. I might need some help for undecipherable words (as I am not netive english speaker)... Continue your excellent work. This serie is outstanding.

[@jaypennebaker9979]

"At least we switched to metric", shots fired.

[@sourcedrop7624]

I SERIOUSLY don't get this. the cmb "spot" is a small nothing. there are huge blue spots in the middle and sides. what gives?

[@moyenmishra887]

wabba labba dub dub

[@tommeakin1732]

It's okay man, it gets better....

[@it_was_my_cat]

Tom Meakin *wubba lubba D A B D A B*

[@moyenmishra887]

CozmicK G halfway there..

[@Boeing_hitsquad]

so... you're crying out for attention.. but not quite serious enough to warrant concern about committing suicide?

[@backdownhipi]

Need that sauce Morty

[@chrisboucher1987]

Fascinating!Thanks everyone.

[@ProfessorPolitics]

Fun fact: The US *has* been on the metric system since the Ford administration with the 1975 meteic conversion act. It's the official government standard for a whole host of things. It's just that Americans themselves (as well as American businesses) are experiencing some inertia in converting since nothing is compelling the private sector to change.

[@alexdeleeck7674]

🎉

[@SahadatKhandaker]

thanks for this video so I can share it with dump people

[@mcpitcher5191]

Well that defiantly doesn't sound arrogant or egocentric at all

[@mcpitcher5191]

also if you are using this as a moral highground you should really be able to spell the word dumb

[@noahgisolf6997]

I think he was talking about the people that live around dumping grounds

[@HansPeter-qg2vc]

+MC Pitcher How do you know he doesn't talk about people who live in a dump? Maybe he wants to share this video with dump people because they don't have access to the internet?

[@multicrogamer]

flatearthers?

[@jurassicmatt2796]

'Or in layman's terms' was my favourite bit. I know nobody who could keep up with this. Sadly.

[@nikanj]

The latest Avenger. Regular-sized Tyrion Lannister with cave-man DNA and the ability to be statistically less likely to sneeze after consuming dark chocolate.

[@alexanderduggan3365]

Early ohhhhhhhhh yeah

[@rafaelluisdasilva3504]

I have so many questions about the double slit experiment, hope somebody reads this and give me some clarifications. 1) How is it that we quantize photons? I mean, when people talk about the double slit experiment they wil say that they launched 1 photon at a time. Since we have no way to actually see the particle, how is it that we can know how much of it we actually released from the laser gun? 2) In the second part of the experiment, they try to measure which slit the photon went through. This measurement is made with a special filter (a kind of glass or whatever material it is that can detect if a photon went through it). Have the experiment ever been ran with the same filter in place, but disconected, in a way that even though the filter is there we do not collect any data from it, therefore we can't know which slit the photon went through. If this experiment was made, did the wave function collapse as it was being observed (even though we couldn't really have the information about the observation, since the filter was disconnected) and showed the clamp pattern? If somebody knows where can I find the answer to this questions, I would be very thankful.

[@RaffaCaboFrio]

Some Episodes i have difficult to understand. I have to pay extra atention and watch 2 times. I love It. Its so Fun! Thanks 😀

[@editfantasy7892]

I think this video was waiting for me. great job man

[@jimwhitehead1532]

If you ever wanted a cool T-shirt it would read something like: "The only bearded Neanderthal left in space-time. I have a Black Hole to sell you."

[@irri3191]

Your name should be The Dark Cocoa O'Dowd.The Prince of Northern Neanderthallia . Rightful heir to the throne of space time.

[@samrichardson5971]

I really want a tattoo of the constellation Eridanus around this scar I have on my ribs to represent the supervoid! This is really interesting and my scar might have to represent a different structure altogether!

[@caioatila669]

Amazing video, thanks for this!!

[@magne14527]

duuuuuude this episode was seriously amazing.

[@mathewmunro3770]

Perhaps the galaxies and galactic clusters aren't where they were when the CMB was formed, by a long way, perhaps due to initial velocity, or perhaps due to mergers & sling-shotting of one supermassive black hole off of another one or two supermassive black holes, in which case, the current-day voids need not correspond to the CMB cold-patches, in which case the theory of the CMB cold spot being accounted for by cosmic supervoids could still be true.

[@95TurboSol]

If any channel on youtube should have over 1 million views it's this one, quite underrated if you ask me!

[@slyy4096]

Usually people don't want to see stupid faces. That's why I like this channel. Because it has texts and video clips, not only the face

[@Bodyknock]

Obviously Matt's DNA just means one thing - he's a descendant of Vandal Savage. Fortunately though he uses his powers to make awesome videos. :)

[@mdlindsey]

Nothing gets me as excited as a new PBS ST video!

[@ddorman365]

Thank you Family that is beautiful, peace and love, Doug:) ,

[@TouchTheUniverseProductions]

Not sure it would be pretty to have 2 universes merge if they both have different laws of physics, but maybe this is like universes swapping chromosome, ensuring diversity.