PCI Express Gen 1 to Gen 4/Gen 5 Data Rate Evolution

A brief overview of how data rates have changed from PCI Express (PCIe) Generation 1, Gen 2, Gen 3, Gen 4 and Gen 5.
Presented by Ron Wade, system architect at IDT. For more information about IDT's PCIe timing solutions, visit www.IDT.com/pcietiming.

[@fwang3695]

could you explain exactly what kind of technology progress enables say data rate to double between generation 4 and 5? In other word, what factor limit gen4 data rate to only 16gb/s but gen 5 could reach 32?

[@miles2378]

How does PCIe 4 and 5 transfer compare to DDR4 and future DDR5 DRAM?

[@Anthony_in_Bloomington_Indiana]

Is this for PCI express slots on a motherboard, or for M.2 NVM express solid state drives?