Niobium - Periodic Table of Videos

Updated video on the element Niobium (41), discovered by carriage-maker Charles Hatchett and originally named Columbium.
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[@unvergebeneid]

Well that tungsten for niobium deal didn't work perfectly apparently. Tungsten is still called _Wolfram_ in German.

[@jamdoodles]

200 grams of Niobium added to the steel of a car saves 100 kilograms of weight of steel! That's amazing.

[@ktinsley4579]

Professor, you never dissappoint. Thank you for sharing this knowledge freely. I know a lot of work goes into these videos and I want to give a big thank you for the great wealth of knowledge that you have so graciously and humbly shared with us. Also, thank you to the rest of the people that have spent their (clearly) valuable time and effort to explain the incredible facts and stories that I personally have come to love and look forward to regularly. Again, thank you so much for everything you do and I hope nothing but the best for all involved and all watching.

[@Amadrath]

Pure Niobium is a superconductor, too. The heartpiece of particle accelerators, the RF cavities, are often made of pure niobium.

[@ericjorgensen6425]

My favorite professor on the internet. I wish there were even more elements for him to explain.

[@Evipicc]

At US Synthetic I used ferro-niobium cups to encapsulate the diamond dust for pressing, it had unique metallurgy that did not allow it to leach into the diamond structure under intense pressure and heat.

[@Pieisholy]

Actually grain boundaries strengthen metals, because the grain boundaries impede the movement of dislocations due to a change in orientation of the crystals and the disorder of the grain boundary itself. Dislocation movement is what causes plastic (permanent) deformation. In the paper analogy shown, a dislocation would be the initial tear and a grain boundary would be the piece of tape preventing it from going farther. There are some companies that produce nanocrystalline nickel with very small grains and lots of grain boundaries, and are much stronger than ordinary nickel. This stengthening method is sometimes called Hall-Petch strengthening, it's pretty cool.

[@fartx211]

I think the beauty isnt in the capabilities of niobium, but rather the capabilities of steel. Iron is such an amazing element from a structural standpoint, because it is a material with one of the greatest variations in properties caused by tiny amounts of additives.

[@nattsurfaren]

3:52 He just ripped the paper like a boss.

[@pixelmaniac8534]

I visited the Natural history museum (in London) last summer and visited their vast mineral collection. My dad and I were quite puzzled when we read out the "ingredients" of one of the minerals. One of its elements was shortened "Cb" and we had no idea what it could be. After getting help from the internet, we got to know that "Cb" was the old name for niobium. I now know that the piece of columbite in which niobium was found is indeed kept at the NHM. It may very well be that piece we saw...

[@lucasli.q9510]

200 grams of Nb saves 100 kg of steel in a car. Those are the things that made me start a Chemistry major. It's so awesome that is almost magic.

[@punishedexistence]

My grandfather used to work in a steel mill and he had brought a piece of ferroniobium home, though not until now was I aware that's what it was. I was always under the impression is was some "additive", but now I know what it is. After 30 years of having this heavy lump of strange looking metal, I now know what it is...it looks identical to what the Prof had there. Once again Periodic Videos excels and taught me something new. I thought maybe it was a piece of molybdenum or something, but this makes much more sense. Thanks guys!!

[@AwesomeAnything]

You learn something new every upload, thanks for uploading!:)

[@Slithy]

Columbium is a nice name, really. Tungsten - not so much (no offense for swedes, but your words are often hard to pronounce). Too bad we can't reverse that deal to have columbium and wolfram back. Though in Russia it's still wolfram, but it only makes things more confusing. P.S. I'm glad that none of element names came from Iceland. Those guys call sulfur "Brenninsteinn". P.P.S. No offense, icelanders, but your language is... fun :D

[@the_disabled_gamer2832]

I have seen every video ever put out by Periodic Videos and i wish that there was over 100 of there videos i hadn't seen so i could watch them all day, I love these videos quite allot.

[@JohnStark3D]

Nice to know that Brazil is giving it almost for free to help others

[@comprehensiveboy]

My own interest in niobium is tangential to put it mildly but when when it is presented in such a pleasing manner I cannot help starting to warm towards the stuff.

[@CookingWithCows]

I love that you are redoing the videos :) good new information, thanks brady and the team :)

[@firehog]

I remember the first time I saw a periodic table in Chile as a child, there was the two names written down, but Columbium was over Niobium.

[@louistournas120]

Thanks. I didn't realize there was niobium in car steel. Steel (for cars) is basically a complex mixture it seems, with iron, nickel, chromium, manganese, iron carbide and perhaps other things.

[@comface]

Another great contribution to the period table of videos!

[@psygn0sis]

I wish so much you were my professor! You make chemistry so interesting for everyone!

[@riskinhos]

I can't believe this. I complained about some element videos being too short specifically this one while they only focused on videos about other things rather than elements. and they updated this... *_* thank you

[@marshallscholz8629]

Very neat. I didn't know that niobium was used in superconducting wire, but I do know that one of the figures given to me while on a tour of the Cern facility was that they use about a quarter of the worlds supply of helium for their superconductor coolant system. That's a lot of helium.

[@zacharycoronado6749]

The Professor is amazing at explaining things. He could probably explain anything, even if he didn't fully understand the comment.

[@zuke72]

Another fascinating and informative video. Thank you.

[@thomasborgsmidt9801]

Dear Sir Martyn! I've just used this video in a discussion of the falling iron ore prices - which illustrates Your point about when You discover something in a laboritory You have absolutely no idea of how it will eventually play out in the lives of ordinarypeople.

[@DanielMosey]

:D Good video. It's nice that people now lend you stuff, it allows you to make more videos for us.

[@amprocha1]

very instructive as usual. keep up the good work

[@CandlestickEdward]

A wonderful video, thank you very much for the effort.

[@oestrek]

I was very critical of your older video on Niobium as not being up to snuff. This one is a VAST improvement. I apologize for my earlier criticism and am very happy with this video. In a recent conversation that I had with an old machinist he mentioned that Niobium was used extensively in the 50s and 60s by the defense Aeronautics industry in the United States. Not sure if that is still the case but apparently it was then. Thanks again Brady and the Professor.

[@theymusthatetesla3186]

...fascinating, as usual!

[@SpadeRZA]

Very educational, as always.

[@j0hnnygl4ze]

Niobium also has some very interesting electrical conductive and chemical resistant properties at normal and high temperatures. It's often used in the electrodes of electrochemical cells. I always liked working with it just because I liked the name- Niobium. But now that I know it was called Columbium, I might want to start working with it again.

[@elquemando]

Also: niobium carbide is a very useful for making hard ceramic cutting surfaces. Nb compounds are further useful in specialized electronics applications, such as the use of lithium niobate in surface acoustic wave devices. I prefer to use "niobium", because it reminds us of the element's association with tantalum [viz, the ore commonly known as 'coltan' (columbium/tantalum)] by evoking the mythological Greek figures of Tantalus and Niobe.

[@DanKoen]

Thank you for making learning fun.

[@TheChosenBlox]

This guy is so damn cool.

[@alexmurray91]

Brady I just wanted to say I love these videos so much! I am a 3rd year chemistry and physics major in Australia. If I ever visit Nottingham can I meet the professor?

[@imtypingwords]

ive made steel with Nb. if i remember correctly it makes the steel look really smooth. kinda like how pure copper looks. but i havent made it in a while though so i could be wrong, lol

[@Finnnicus]

Great new video, thank you.

[@bendrui]

I have some Niobium earrings - it makes lovely, lightweight jewelry! (quote from the jewelry company, with names taken out. I'm trying not to spam a science video) "[company founders] discovered the beauty within a seemingly dull gray metal called niobium. Though an expedited oxidation process, niobium is dipped into an electrically-charged water bath which turns the metal into hues of rich, permanent color. Niobium is used not only for its ability to be hand-colored into radiant hues, but also for its light-weight wearability, environmentally-clean workability, and a hypo-allergenic quality so trustworthy it is often used in surgical implants."

[@Dimmerr]

Great work guys

[@MarkShannonroad_videos]

Learned something today. Thanks!

[@vidsharing10101]

I liked this video as well ! Thank you !

[@stegwise]

i like the subtle jab that average american car passengers are over 100kg.

[@PinkChucky15]

I love these videos :-)

[@2anateresa]

It is very interesting learning about the little details in the world no one can see :)

[@jeremiahmoore7850]

This guy is awesome

[@b1aflatoxin]

Great info!!! Thank you.

[@wdfwgagyfgagyga]

i realy enjoy these videos!

[@AGryphonTamer]

Great Video

[@xja85mac]

Very nice! I didn't know it was originally called that.

[@EricRuna]

been a whille since I saw the profesor. Never heard of Niobium until today, and now learn something new :D

[@JackDander]

I've heard that sulfur makes some good steel as well. Very trace amounts. Though it may be more of a result of having used sulfur to smelt the iron. I don't think we really use sulfur to heat things much nowadays? Perhaps some of things like that are lost to time.

[@MrWolynski]

Excellent video. Keep up the great work! Do a video on chemistry inside of Neptune if you can. I assure you there is lots going on. : )

[@joopabt8246]

This guy is the definition of chemistry :D

[@VonCarlsson]

I've always wondered why Tungsten was called Wolfram here in Sweden.

[@Inannawhimsey]

awesome expressive hands his classes must be quite fun :3

[@JasonWMorningwood]

"In developed countries, such as the US they add 200g of niobium which saves 200 kg of weight in steel, which is almost as much as a passenger" That made me laugh so hard, well done professor, well done :D

[@peterwayne2795]

You sir are awesome

[@higheststrpk]

i love these videos!

[@dyingangelo]

Yay for new video!

[@BeastOrGod]

Now I understand the grains in steel! I asked all these blacksmith who explained it wrong and confusing as if they didn't understand it too well. THANKS

[@bagelpower802]

ZERO DISLIKES! Keep it up, professor!

[@scottmantooth8785]

always learn so much here

[@Hiwired96]

100 kg, that's allmost an entire (american) passenger! ;P

[@JustOneAsbesto]

Yes. 100 kilos is almost as much as one American.

[@XonWechtvt]

This Tungsten/Wolfram naming controversy is just stupid. Tungsten is Swedish for "heavy rock", but the Swedish name for Tungsten is Volfram (not Wolfram, mind you), because it was named Wolfram in German. But Tungsten was discovered by a Swede in Sweden and he called it Tungsten because it is heavy. Because it was discovered at about the same time in Germany the German name - with different spelling - became the Swedish name for what almost everyone else calls by the Swedish name. Also, Tungsten is "tongue stone" in Swedish (by coincidence), which makes the professor's remark that "Columbium" rolls off the tongue pretty funny. By the way, the name for Niobium in Swedish is Niob.

[@lorenwyman]

Instead of Tungsten and Niobium, the trade-off should've been Wolfram and Columbium (especially since Tungsten still uses W as its symbol.)

[@natel1990]

Columbium...Columbium...Columbium...It does roll off the tongue nicely.

[@ThePeaceableKingdom]

fascinating

[@connormccracken3377]

I would love to seee an updated video of his water bottle collection, I also collect water bottles ^.^

[@DustinRodriguez1_0]

I imagine this is a British/American English misunderstanding, but the Prof says what sounds like 'metallogists'. Is that a British pronunciation of metallurgists? Or is it a different rendering that means the same (like aluminum/aluminium)? Or is it an entirely different term?

[@patrickleahey4574]

Love it. By the way, how do I get a tie like yours?

[@matsv201]

Nothing about superconductors... thats a bummer.

[@craigsmith3964]

This is sooo cool!!!! XD Thanks for the vid!

[@johnfaux5130]

So the ground boundaries are so small that less than .1% of niobium will fill them?

[@demonofjapan]

very informative

[@Lightningblade67]

Thanks for this video senpai

[@PaulBunkey]

Did you mean "sensei"(teacher) ? Because senpai(same is sempai) means "Older student". From someone who know Japanese: Sempai is japanese term used to refer to one's elder in an organization. Most commonly used in school and at work to refer to a person with more seniority than the speaker. For example a first grader would call anyone in second grade or higher "sempai".

[@jakehalford8541]

PaulBunkey They are both students of life... But nah, it's just an internet thing :P

[@NatsumiHinata]

Why are you calling your teacher as student?

[@PaulBunkey]

***** Sensei.

[@orrinsproxton6845]

a teacher is an older student, if a teacher believes themselves to no longer be learning, find someone else to learn from.

[@funnyduds]

Fucking love this guy, I'd buy him a beer any day.

[@Noise-Bomb]

so you thaught that this niob medal looks cool? look at th austrian bimetall 20€ niob coins! they are slightly corroded (?) on the surface to achive realy nice colors realy cool!

[@aserta]

Such an interesting looking metal. As someone interested in medals this is double win!! :) Edit: Do other metals act the same as these two in pairs? Metal x with metal y?

[@Deadmeet100]

My dream is to have an element named something of my choice

[@seigeengine]

Somethingofmychoicium

[@toddisawsomeable]

well turn your particle accelerator on bro

[@theodollenberg8032]

Why does Niobium specifically do the trick of strengthening steel at the grain boundary or are there other elements that would also do it?

[@theflinx]

Niobium makes great combs.

[@Luciferian.Latino]

Unsure of why the phrase "I'm pulling really hard" and the jump cut to and from it were so entertaining. 4:48

[@aguskate95]

Actually what he says about the size of the crystals and the strength of the steel is not true. In general, the more and smaller the crystals are, the more displacements the steels has, therefor it takes more energy to move the crystals and it is stronger.

[@emmaabdullah9046]

Wonderfull

[@BornAgainCynic0086]

Will that make Valarian steel?

[@CharlesGreathouse]

What is this metalogy (sp.) vs. chemistry bit?

[@Telexic]

How conductive is niobium?

[@lopendepaddo]

very interesting, now i have to find out if It's a use full compound to ad to my knife making :P

[@d3athmarines]

Can you explain why they traded the names Tungsten for Columbium?

[@Majoofi]

but we never heard why it's called metallurgy and not chemestry

[@marklee81]

Thank you for talking about both names for the element containing 41 protons.

[@lala9173]

im 16y/o and chemistry exam really makes me.confuse :(

[@BerlinSiT]

In Germany, Tungsten is still called Wolfram.

[@VangbroYellowboi]

Nice element...

[@ThisMoose]

I'm hearing the prof say "hatshit" I cannot unhear this.

[@NoorquackerInd]

I can't imagine that guy partying because Niobium internationally had its name officially changed to Columbium.