WWII PISTON AIRCRAFT ENGINE TYPES, MECHANISM & OILING SYSTEMS TRAINING FILM 59294

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This 1940 black-and-white military restricted training film 1-135 produced by The Signal Corps explores aircraft engines. Part 1 Types, Mechanism, and Oiling System. The aircraft internal combustion engine is explained using an animated diagram showing the four-stroke performance cycle of intake, compression, combustion and expansion, and exhaust. A cutaway shows the process in action (:30-2:48). An air-cooled engine with fins and a liquid-cooled engine are diagrammed and explained (2:49-3:10). An obsolete inline engine and an obsolete double inline engine are shown (3:11-3:26). An opposed type is shown with two rows of cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft (3:27-3:41). Obsolete engine models are shown of the AW and X types, rotary engine, and V-type engine (3:42-4:05). A liquid-cooled V type engine is shown with its V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The view is shown with the cylinder blocks removed from the crankcase. A fork rod and blade rod are attached together (4:06-5:08). The single row radial engine is used extensively in the 1940 aircraft. The cylinders are evenly arranged around the crankcase in odd numbers of 3-9 and connected to a single crank pin. A double-row radial engine has a total of 14-18 cylinders arranged in two rows around the crankshaft (5:09-6:08). The I-Head (valve-in-head) cylinder was universally used in aircraft engines. Poppet, exhaust, inlet valves are shown and explained in action and in diagrams. Valve springs, one inside the other, close the valves. (6:09-10:07). Cams, cam followers, tappets, push rods, and rocker arms are shown and explained in action. The location of the cams are shown for a V-type engine on the camshaft. Cams are located on the cam drum in a radial-type engine, also shown in diagrams (10:08-11:33). Tapered and grooved pistons are explained, as well as their compression, oil, and oil control rings. The piston pin is shown in action (11:34-13:31). The connecting rod transmits the force from the wrist pin to the crankshaft. Radial engine master rods and linked rods are explained (13:32-14:09). The crankcase construction and purpose are explained (14:10-15:44). The power section of a radial engine is shown, including the supercharger impeller. Mounting lugs, the blower section, and accessory drive gears are shown are shown (15:45-18:43). Components of a twin row radial engine are shown by removing one layer at a time (18:44-20:36). The lubricating system is explained while viewing a propeller spinning on a still aircraft. A diagram explains the pressure pump and scavenging pump. Pressure gauge connections provides a line to the oil pressure indicator. A diagram shows the internal oiling system in an air-cooled radial engine. Engine oil is stepped up in a booster pump to change the propeller pitch. The oil lubricates by splash and spray. A crankcase breather helps relieve high internal temperatures and is shown animated (20:37-26:24). The pressure pump and oil drainage is diagramed for valves, pistons, rings, and cylinders for a V-type liquid-cooled engine (26:25-29:42). The cockpit gauges are shown, including the oil pressure and temperature gauges. Oil viscosity is discussed. The oil cooler is diagrammed (29:43-31:49). A pilot get the propeller to spin on a bi-plane in winter weather. The gasoline pressure line is diagrammed with the hopper. The valve to hold open to fill the hopper with diluted oil is shown. The propeller spins on the parked aircraft against a background of snow (31:50-35:04).
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[@nightjar2000]

Thanks!

[@PeriscopeFilm]

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[@9ZERO6]

100% fascinating and still 100% relevant. The engineers during these years were on a different level.

[@JK360noscope]

Made in America!

[@donlove3741]

No they weren't.

[@TheHarryMann]

@@JK360noscope Well, made yes, but a lot was invented in the UK of course, be fair :)

[@crumplezone1]

@Clovis Point I bet you have trouble even turning a tap on as that is about your level of engineering skill , the guys in those days had no computers just brains and a drawing boards so wind your thick neck in

[@StatmanRN]

Hot rodders will recognize tech that took years to be seen on automotive racing engines, yet was developed in the 30s: Roller rockers, roller lifters and bearings, Hemi cobusian chambers, dry sump oiling, certrifugal superchargers, and more.

[@LeBator]

True. I can't explain it. Why do you think there was such a long gap in the trickle down of aviation tech to automotive?

[@Lowrider2905]

@@LeBator I think it wasn´t needed for a mass production. Large engines with low speeds, no need of any high tech mechanical stuff. And imagine, an aircraft engine will be rebuilt every XXX hours, oil will be changed strictly and so on. Many mechanical components that will be replaced before they fail. In an automotive, this is a big factor and would cost a fortune to the customer. So they would buy a product that is cheaper. With nowadays materials, you can produce stuff, that will last longer and even with not that good maintenance. I THINK! , cannot state exactly, that the piston engines of the constellation where completely overhauled every 700 to 1000 flight hours. That would been less then 30000 miles in driving. No chance to sell stuff like this. The plugs where changed weekly or somewhat, cause every part was on their designed limit. (looking to the materials that where available back then).

[@LeBator]

@@Lowrider2905 Yes indeed. That makes perfect sense. But I was thinking more along the lines of the design of the components themselves, i.e. as Statman’s comment noted: roller rockers, lifters and bearings, hemi chambers, dry sumps etc. Had these been incorporated into the automotive engines of the day their performance would’ve improved immensely and that might’ve necessitated a rapid development of more durable materials to enable longer service intervals and the car industry as a whole would’ve developed at a much faster pace than it did. Also, if a car engine of that day had those components and wasn’t constantly being pushed to aircraft operating levels it might very well have been able to accommodate much longer service intervals even with the materials of the day. Possibly you think?

[@Lowrider2905]

@@LeBator there are some good points and this might be a nice topic to have whole evening with a few beers :-). You are right, this might be the real deal. If I compare European engines with the US ones, I clearly see, that the US ones are simpler in design and easier to maintain. Maybe the reason is, that back in the days not that tight net of specialized mechanics where around in the states, you have desert and arctic areas to have the stuff operated. An aircraft engine normally has only one part in its cycle where it is in high power: Start and climb. The rest is unaccelerated cruise. The car engine often haas only short trips and so on, so there might be a serious issue if you design it with too tight tolerances and fast moving parts. (spoken for the past). And finally, I think the producers spent more money into new designs every year to sell the people a new one every 3 years instead of put that much efford into the high efficiency of the engines.

[@LeBator]

@@Lowrider2905 Very interesting insights especially the one about the differences between European and US designs at the time and car manufacturers developing engines incrementally for marketing purposes. I didn't know the Connie's engines were overhauled every 700 hours. That must've been a nightmare for the mechanics. Man I would love to spend an evening over a few beers exploring this in depth with someone like you. That would be time well spent indeed! 👍

[@BELCAN57]

Good, solid engineering. Corporations of the day were run by men with engineering experience. Their companies made sound products that lasted under hard use. Nowadays corporations are run by people with economics degrees who are more concerned about bottom line performance.

[@jamesharrell4360]

Or lack there of. ;0)

[@henrikevertsson8702]

Well, how come that modern products are more reliable and efficient than ever? It's the old myth about everything being better in the old days. I think the myth is true, but more in terms of that our world has become overly efficient and that it has no soul. No one knows why we are struggling to deliver the latest smartphones, etc. Smartphones are engineering masterpieces, but I still hate them - they have spoilt the ability to withstand boredom, for a whole generation.

[@user-tf4ho2uo1e]

@@henrikevertsson8702 they're more efficient, but not necessarily more reliable.

[@RBDunn-ou8fb]

E2w

[@herrakaarme]

In the 30's only relatively well-off people could afford a car. Nowadays regular folks with any kind of job can buy a car. So, even the people with an economics degree were needed. Although generally speaking I do agree on the engineers vs economists issue when speaking about the leadership in technology based companies.

[@peanutbutterisfu]

It’s amazing we were able to build these engines on the scale we did in ww2. What’s more amazing is that many of these engines were reliable which is crazy because there are so many moving parts so many parts to break

[@louismorel2001]

Magical!!

[@bingrasm]

In those times things were made not to break.

[@tamar5261]

If you write the mechanism down on paper for the first time and list all the moving parts, plus the valve and seats, springs, pistons plus all the other mechanisms for the first time, it would appear impossible to work.

[@TheFreakyJhonny]

just make the parts big enough Oversized components usually are good for reliability, just look at the 1.9TDI, especially the 90hp models are well known for lasting extremely long even with poor maintenance.

[@TheHarryMann]

@@TheFreakyJhonny Many aero engine parts were definitely not oversized

[@williamgibb5557]

FYI. On a radial engine , the engine must be hand rotated 3 times to remove the oil that drained past the rings on the bottom cylinders or hydrostatic lock will occur. This is what is shown on videos of war planes before starting by the flight crew.

[@1DEADBEEF1]

Thanks bud! I saw a motorcycle with a small 5 piston radial but laid flat paralel to the ground - i guess that solved this problem

[@clayz1]

Interesting. I’ve seen that many times in books movies docos and air shows. The explanation is usually to circulate oil, which is true enough, but you’re explanation is more specific. I love these radial engines. This movie goes to great lengths to show exactly how oil makes its way through the engine.

[@bmw320540750]

Those were the true engineers.... No computers, No internet or software's .......only a piece of paper and pencil. and they have created the most amazing machines

[@rhkyblue]

And a slide rule.

[@geokeyey1116]

Ya forgot the drafting board lol. My old man worked for Atlantic aerospace formally known as Atlantic tool and die. He could grind pieces with tolerances of up to one / or two// ten thousands. O.0002. On rotating parts for jet engines when nobody could do it they sent my dad he ran the dept. Worked there one summer brutal work for some guys but not engineering

[@paulalbares643]

As one who went through military technical training in the 60's, I can attest to the quality and quantity of military training films. They were not all of a technical nature as this one is, but covered all facets of training that the military wanted to get to the troops. They were usually used as an adjunct to classroom training and done very professionally in regards to the content and production quality. They were the predecessor to the computer/internet based training the services and civilian sector is using today. The same effort was done by the military to publish training manuals that covered all aspects of training, not just technical. I attended a civilian technical school for electronics prior to going into the Navy and the school employed some Navy publications that I later saw in Navy "A" school. As regards the subject matter of this film, I am reminded of the total pivot to war material production that American industry did in the early years of the war and how the training that many of those WWII servicemen received was later put to use in the civilian sector as workers, business owners, and led many to obtain further training provided by the GI bill. Many would not have been able to attend college or trade schools without that assistance. In my opinion this was one of the factors that made the U.S. a world leader in industrial production and science in the 50's, 60's and through the 70's. Today much of that industrial production and "know how" has been transferred overseas in the interest of lower labor costs, decreased taxes, and corporate profit. Government needs to find a way to have an incentive to bring back industrial production back home and do so with incentives that rival what the corporations find overseas, otherwise our industrial base will continue to shrink and with it, jobs.

[@chriscusick6890]

Wow! So very well written. You're so correct.

[@LeBator]

Sometimes we can learn more from the comments than from the videos and to me those like these are what give KZbin its greatest value. 👏

[@ronitsingh85]

These are all jewels. well built, reliable, lightweight, powerful and beautiful to look at, oh and yeah, the icing on the cake - the sound. This video is what I needed to go back in time!

[@denkaj]

Dad was a Pratt & Whitney mechanic on the B25 in Australia during the war. I’m sure this is one of his first training films

[@johno9507]

The most impressive thing about these engines is they were all created and then drawn by hand.

[@JK360noscope]

There's a reason you were required to take drafting for engineering!

[@johno9507]

@@JK360noscope I took drafting in high school in the 90's, it used to take me 40 minutes just to draw the boarder around the page. 😂 Thankfully it didn't stop me becoming a airline aircraft mechanic.

[@stargazer9060]

And using slide rules! I was required to use one as a ChE in the early 90's and promptly forgot after graduating. =(

[@CadillacPat1]

Beat me to it. No CAD or Auto CAD back then, and no calculators.

[@LeBator]

@@johno9507 If that's true then I have full trust in your work. Most meticulous indeed!

[@donaldparlettjr3295]

Typical military film. Absolutely informative yet the perfect cure for insomnia. Just like the written manuals.

[@jerryeinstandig5691]

Wadda u want, sex ?

[@TungstenCarbideTempe]

No unnecessary talking, no mistakes spoken, then backtracking and apologizing and going back (x10). Clear animations, very easy to understand. These antique film tutorials are definitely top notch. P.S and no funky background music

[@kennybrianshjreklunke4842]

tbh .. i find this to exciting

[@nathansharma87]

Except the ads blaring up waking me!

[@PDZ1122]

I personally love reading old manuals. I have shelves full of them.

[@paulmaxwell8851]

Please note the error at 33:55. Oil in a gear-type pump is carried around the perimeter of the pump, between the teeth. It doers not pass through the meshed teeth as shown. The pump is also rotating the wrong way. It's a common misconception.

[@ronjon7942]

Yep, good catch. I see that a lot in Roots supercharger animations too.

[@littleshopofelectrons4014]

Renwal used to sell a visible 9-cylinder radial engine. It was driven by an electric motor (the starter) and made all the internal parts move. The spark plugs even had small lamps that worked in accordance with the correct timing. I built one of these with my dad and it was fascinating to watch. That was how I learned the workings of a radial engine. I also built the Renwal visible V8 car engine. Its too bad that these aren't available anymore.

[@chrisebbesen5798]

I. MISS MY DADS OLD NAVAL TRAINING BOOKS. THANK YOU FOR WARM OLD MEMORIES.

[@LeBator]

Radial engines were a really great design idea for their specific purpose.

[@mikemcguire1160]

I always wondered how the oil system on radial engines worked. Finally found out. Lots of KZbin animations, models etc. but none of them have anything to say about this as vital as it is the engine function.

[@GreatJO]

Do you know how oil gets to the rocker arms and valves on radial engines?

[@deafmusician2]

Being a retired A&P, I love this old stuff!

[@timmayer8723]

I got my A&E license in 1962 from Northrop Institute of Technology in Inglewood California. I joined the California Air National Guard joining the 146th air transport wing which flew out of Van Nuys municipal airport. Our wing had about twenty C-97 cargo planes. They were powered by four Pratt & Whitney R-4360 28 cylinder four row radial engines. The largest radial engines ever put into production. They were turbo supercharged with alcohol injection and could produce upwards of 4000 horse power. They burned 145 octane Av gas. I was a line mechanic and handled whatever mechanical squawks the pilots reported at the end of a flight. We crossed the Pacific every week and flew on to Viet Nam. The flight time from California to Hawaii was about ten hours. Because of the great distance of all of our flights the maintenance was never ending and went on 24/7. I believe the last of the C-97 transports were scrapped back in the 80s. There are thousands of the R-4360 engines sealed in steel containers at various Air Force bases. They will never be used again. Many of the engines were completely overhauled before being sealed in the steel containers. Each engine cost about $100,000 when first produced.

[@federalagenciesarecourtesans]

@@timmayer8723 They'll be used again when Mad Max times come around.

[@chriscusick6890]

@@timmayer8723 We had a cutaway 4360 in our A&P school in San Diego. That was a marvel in engineering. I was born in LA flew at 12 yo out of Santa Monica and Van Nuys airports. Remember Gunnel and Golden West Aviation?

[@richardlewis4288]

Me too. Graduated A&P school in 1983 and worked the major airlines but these training films are second to none.

[@kennedysingh3916]

Very down to earth teaching, even a child can understand

[@davef.2811]

Great review of a gone, but not forgotten era. Stunning how much knowledge and technology came along in a short period of time then. Surprisingly, many of these applied principles, and manufacturing techniques are still in use today.

[@eriet1]

amazing. hard to believe people are that smart to design such complicated engines. geniuses

[@geoffgreenhalgh3553]

And the choice of materials plus the production process. And the highly skilled machine men who made and built these radial engines.

[@JDAbelRN]

You are absolutely right. The capacity of the human brain, talent and perseverance made The USA an industrial powerhouse was instrumental to winning WW2.

[@ThomasConlon-Wind-Power-Pro]

I'm going to go out on a limb and offer some information I learned in my youth. The production crew for these training films were all talented young men who went on to be successful men in Hollywood after the war. The narrator in this film, I believe was Martin Miller (Martin Mueller) who was the voice of "Robby the Robot" in "Forbidden Planet" but without the processing of the MGM audio team. This was during his "lost years" before his successful Hollywood career began after the war years. This group included Charles Addams (Charles Adams) and a host of others. My Father was a film editor with this group. There are some interesting stories about them that have long been kept secret.

[@TheSpeartip]

Im Interested to learn more. You have my attention. Especially the interesting stories and secrets if they can be told now. I recently watched a documentry about life in Germany after the war featuring a aunt of a freind of mine who was involved with the Denazification program. With film footage by the ministry of properganda. I also studied Degree in Documentry and fine art photography

[@kiwitrainguy]

"This lead I'm carrying weighs a mere 16 tons."

[@anthonyxuereb792]

I'd like to know more please

[@jamesharrell4360]

Time to start a channel and have your father as the first guest.

[@TrapperAaron]

Do tell some of the more interesting storys!

[@realvanman1]

I about lost it when he said oil dilution with gasoline! What a different world!!

[@jamesb.9155]

The amazing engineering and design of these mechanical marvels is remarkable.

[@johnpogany2444]

Those radial engines sounded really cool

[@diggLincoln]

That oiling system is so crazy genius

[@kirstenspencer3630]

I used to maintain Hall Scott motors used in Crown Coach School Buses. They were were made like jewelry, abet 590 cubic inches of prime mover. The rattletrap 1160 Cats would shake themselves to death on a couple of years. Still miss the Hall Scotts 35 years later.

[@jamesb.9155]

Obviously the Wright Brother's invention of powered flight set off a world wide race to develop the technology of flight and began a revolution in manufacturing and industrial sciences. Even these old things are remarkable creations of inventive genius!

[@tomcoryell]

My friend has a plane powered by a Pratt and Whitney Wasp Jr. I was very curious about how the connecting rods, supercharger and cam drums worked. Now I know. Great film/ video.

[@PeriscopeFilm]

Very cool! Glad you found this film! Consider becoming a channel member kzbin.info/www/bejne/hXWliGami8abi6c

[@tyroniousyrownshoolacez2347]

Good stuff. Really informative, old, but interesting. Always wondered how the cam shafts worked on the radials, now I know. Incredible engineering actually. Thanks for posting.

[@paulalbares643]

Remember, all this engineering was done before calculators and computers, it was stubby pencils, paper and slide rules....even into the beginning of the space program..

[@tyroniousyrownshoolacez2347]

@@paulalbares643 space program 🤣🤣🤣🤣👉 good one! You mean the great money incinerator?

[@CadillacPat1]

Same here about cams, and now I know what a "cam drum" is!

[@LeBator]

Yes! That cam system is a work of art.

[@Carstuff111]

Ok, was wondering exactly how the oil dilution system functioned... now I know, that is awesome :)

[@CadillacPat1]

Until this I had never heard of it.I knew engines were kept running way up north, for "turn-around" trips, but not if allowed to completely cool.

[@phuturephunk]

Today was the day I realized that we figured out variable valve timing (VTEC Yo) around World War 2.

[@ronjon7942]

I don’t believe these are VVT like modern engines; rather they’re adjusted based on anticipated engine usage and speed. There’s really no point in VVT, since rpm is generally constant, with the engine tuned for max power, most efficient cruise, etc. at a particular rpm.

[@karlreinke]

As great as they are imagine how awesome an Allison, Merlin, etc would be with today's VVT technology, or even Koenigsegg's "Free Valve" non-cam system.

[@user-km4zc6of2n]

Работал в Ташкенте завод 243 , в 5 цеху, мы делали АШ-62 ИР , я работал на цилиндро-поршневой группе и кривошипно шатунном участке. А всё детство развлекались бросанием выпускных клапанов с отломанной головкой в бочку с водой.

[@kevininforks]

These engineering vidios are always the best. I watched one about ten years ago about repairing the blower on the top of a Detroit 6v71...I'm only 33, I blew my grandfathers mind when I could do it without dropping that stupid gear down in the block. This is the way it should be, I purchased said object, I should be allowed and shown how to fix it.

[@pauljanssen2624]

Most excellent video on valve timing how to make efficient horsepower

[@davidslefort6541]

It's a huge deal to build engine like that and they are so intelligent it's just that they did not have any idea how much they needed everyone to come together and build a amazing engine that powered many of the incredible beautiful planes that they were fit In the fuselage i just have so much respect for them to build such amazing engines that help to win the war

[@dLimboStick]

They hired narrators with boring monotone voices so they would make GIs fall asleep in class, so they'd always have a good supply of people for cleaning details and guard duty.

[@2pikbone]

Been there. Used to have an instructor that would throw a big wad of chewing tobacco at you if you fell asleep. Then you would have to bring it back to him and he would put it back in his mouth. Oh, the good ole days!

[@LeBator]

@@2pikbone YUCK! 🤮

[@joshk9774]

love these old world videos

[@StopTeoriomSpiskowym]

34:00 pump rotate backward but oil stream is correctly

[@westoniii]

Damn! They had roller rockers and roller tappets way back then

[@billlebrave8539]

All of these were designed before computers and machined before computer controlled machining centers. If anybody knows how to use a slide-rule still let me know.

[@peterhaan9068]

I'm thinking that the narrator was an enemy agent. I could hardly stay awake during this film!

[@Watchmaker_Gereon-Schloesser]

same here! xD

[@edwardpate6128]

Man how come nobody can make training films like that now!

[@johnellison3030]

Because they need to be seen as "Intelligent".

[@OverseerMoti]

Ironically, making a training film (or teaching in general) actually proves someone's intelligence in that field. Unless "intelligence" means "unwilling to be criticized when explaining", I don't see why someone shouldn't at least try to make one.

[@goognamgoognw6637]

@Train Nerd wrong. Every worthwhile genius idea can be explained simply, it's the implementation that can be complex.

[@jonathanbray3075]

It's the A.D.D. generation that can't focus on what's right in front of them! Thanks Doc! Thanks BIG PHARMA! Thanks Forced Compliance!

[@mikemills69]

"The aircraft lubrication system is designed to operate under difficult conditions, such as.." war.

[@PBMainiac]

Dude I am so ready for World War II at this point.

[@earleburtonjr9292]

Now I understand why the pilots that took these machines into the air said it wasn't the flying, it was the noise.

[@dogguyful]

Thanks for sharing 👍👍👌👌🙏🙏

[@markrowland1366]

The engine in the Stuka is an opposed, piston ported, two stroke diesel. The layout was used in the British Commer truck and the Bristol Deltoid, for patrol boats and locomotives.

[@FiveCentsPlease]

+Mark Rowland The Jumo 211 is not a diesel. And it is not an opposed piston engine, it is an inverted VEE configuration. 2.bp.blogspot.com/-XeN7ki1fDxQ/UJ1AlisjblI/AAAAAAAAFYw/FVgUxy-xIiM/s1600/19.jpg

[@christopherfitzgerald774]

Yes, you hear a Commer truck coming when I was a lad, they made a totally different engine noise.

[@charlesangell_bulmtl]

Perhaps you could add a timeline for subject material division? EG basic otto cycle 2:47 cooling arrangements 3:08 cylinder arraignments 6:05 combustion chamber types 7:55 TIMING 11:30 piston design ETC...

[@user-ho4nw5sf3w]

Its 1955 . Two very little boys, 5 and 4 have there heads looking up. The roar was deafining . There they were. A squadron of Army Fighter planes comming over head. We waved , we yelled we jumped all around trying to get the pilots to wave. They didnt. We could see them in there cockpits. Their canopes were open . They just didnt see us. And then the wing wobbled, and we knew.. I grew up on the outskirts of Detroit. Twice a week in the summer the Army would move planes from Selfridge AFB to Willow Run. They flew right over our house, maybe three or four thousand feet up. Different world. Those Airmen are the reason I enlisted in 1968. In the Air Force.

[@johnstudd4245]

Can you imagine how much money it would cost to build engines like that now days. When a simple 6 cyl horizontally opposed engine for a small Cessna might cost between 30k-40k.

[@otm646]

You are not factoring in mass production , the efficiency and negotiating powers that come with it. The reason civilian aircraft engines are so expensive are because the production volumes are so small. If you had a production order guaranteed by the government for 160,000 units, the number of Merlin's produced, the price would plummet.

[@johnstudd4245]

@@otm646 Umm ....that was kind of my point. The govt is not going to be ordering mass quantities of these engines, that had to be sold to them, by law, "at cost". I was making reference to the current civilian market by comparison to the Cessna. Also economies of scale are not the only reason by any means for price differences. If you know anything about the prices of anything related to aviation components, you know that liability factors have added exponentially to any kind of part that goes into an aircraft, or aircraft themselves. So just to clear, I will state that in todays world, to produce a big double row radial engine(that was the type I had in mind) for the civilian market, the cost would be stupendous. Also in todays world, if you think the govt making a large order for anything would cause the price to "plummet". You are dreaming.

[@JoshuaJames604]

@@johnstudd4245 I just started powerplant classes in the AMT program at Cincinnati state and that was one of the things we talked about week 1. Anytime there is an accident, anybody who made any part of that plane gets sued and that's why everything is so damn expensive

[@anthonyrossetti1]

@@JoshuaJames604 My grandfather sold and put fuel in aircraft during the 1970s. Several months after he filled a particular aircraft, he was sued by the owner. The aircraft had crashed due to an engine failure months after he put gas in it. He was sued as the aircraft owner stated his fuel must have had water in it. The aircraft had been fueled many times by others. The aircraft logs also showed more than 100 hours of flight time. It cost him a few thousand in lawyer fees... he was not happy.

[@kevinbaird9763]

I think that number is more like 70K +.

[@Rushmore222]

I still don't fully understand the hydraulic pitch control. I see the pressurized line coming from the pitch control mechanism, but according to the diagram, this line is going perpendicularly into a prop shaft that is spinning very rapidly.

[@markrowland1366]

The Jumo 205, the engine that powered the famous Stooka dive bomber, is an opposed piston two stroke Diesel. At the beginning of WW 2 jet engines were running in Germany, Italy, Japan, Britan, the USA and the USSR.

[@michaelandersen4745]

Incorrect. The Stuka or official known as the Junkers Ju 87 used the Jumo 210 in very early variants before switching to the Jumo 211. Non were opposed piston two stroke diesel. As far as I know the only planes that used the Jumo 205 were the Ju 86 and the seaplanes Blohm & Voss BV 138 and BV 222.

[@anthonyesposito9251]

@@michaelandersen4745 Thank you for clarifying this two piston information.

[@manhoot]

Lubrication is essential

[@andrewsmactips]

Well. I did not know about the gasoline/oil mixing gadget.

[@mysock351C]

That _is_ odd. But back then they didn't have oils that worked at low temperatures. In theory its a nice idea but Im sure in practice it probably made a mess in the engine after a while with all the varnish deposits.

[@TheDuckofDoom.]

@@hank1556 even today avgas is not allowed to contain alcohol, and avgas has a long shelf life, (over a year in the tank is ok) really different set of fractions from the refinery compared to the gasohol junk sold for modern cars that goes rancid in two months.

[@TheDuckofDoom.]

my old international-tractor manual has instructions for mixing kerosene with the oil for winter operation.

[@bobl78]

why deposits ? The oil in a small part of the lubrication System was diluted with gasoline before shutting the engine down........I do not see why this leads to ( even more) deposits than they had anyways, with the oils conataining virtually no additives.... These were Military engines that had to work in extreme conditions... I think shorter oil change Intervalls or shorter overhaul / rebuild intervalls were accepted..as well as running / warming the engine for 30 minutes on the ground before take off to evaporate the gasoline out of the oil System..... .otherwhise the engines / planes could not be used in cold conditions..

[@av8bvma513]

Spitfire Pilot's notes, p18 & p25 [also AP2095 Pilots notes general p55-57]

[@thomasleclair7418]

,,,,,,,,,,,,As many others ; I know simple automotive engine design,,,,,,,,,,As a kid I was amazed by seeing the multiple cylinder radial engines...... My mind was in mystery ; trying to figure out the crankshaft layout for all those pistons.......searched for books,,,,,,none to be found......This video [motion picture movie] tells the story.....................at 71,,,luv you tube....THANKS....

[@burnedoutfred9066]

Learned a lot. Thanks!!

[@kingcosworth2643]

They had the perfect opportunity to discuss overlap scavenging but they didn't :(

[@keithpearson7539]

Really good tutorial. Very interesting.

[@markrowland1366]

A two stroke opposed piston diesel engine was popular in German planes. The Stuka was powered by one. The British extended the design, driving patrol boats and trains as the Septic.

[@sadams12345678]

The Stuka was not by a 2-stroke opposed piston diesel but a Junker Jumo 211 inverted V12 petrol(gasoline) engine . en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junkers_Jumo_211

[@keithstudly6071]

The opposed piston diesel was a popular design but the Germans were the only ones who used them in aircraft, and only in very small numbers. Fairbank-Morris built them for US Navy submarines and after the war for locomotives. Junkers built versions of the Ju 86 with Jumo 207 and 208 diesel engines for high altitude reconnaissance. These were in limited numbers. Guessing you got this confused with the Ju 87 Stuka.

[@danoneil7577]

@@keithstudly6071 So far as I know, the Fairbanks Morse opposed piston diesels are still running around as backup power in submarines, and still active in the CODAG systems of the Hamilton class of USCG High Endurance Cutters, now mostly consigned to other navies as the newer class has taken over the WHEC duties.

[@shadowopsairman1583]

Radials, multi cylinder recips, complex connecting rods which results in easier failure, replaced by the 4/6 cylinder boxer air cooled and yhe gas turbine.

[@raylopez99]

Wow, aircraft engines with thousands in hp and huge rpms with push rods, and lots of moving parts, amazing engineering, how they do it without the engine flying apart? Then again today's turbine engines are engineering marvels too. If only services were as efficient as manufacturing, we'd have a much better society.

[@billallen4793]

Actually they had relatively low R.P.M. compared to auto or bike 🏍 engines. More like a diesel in the R.P.M. range, 1500-3500rpm not like 16,000rpm of a motorcycle....from Wyoming USA 🇺🇲🤠

[@raylopez99]

@@billallen4793 OK thanks, without researching it I'll take your word for it. Marine diesel of the kind that powers tankers also have very low RPM, along the lines of 1 Hertz (60 rpm)

[@bobl78]

amazing that some of the stuff used in today`s engines was invented back then… like sodium cooled valves…

[@jimgoff1170]

bobl78 and superchargers, turbochargers, fuel injection, inter coolers, turbo-compound systems, that’s a pretty impressive base for our modern engineers with the addition of electronic controls to perfect the ICE

[@jerryeinstandig5691]

alfa romeo used sodium-filled exhaust valves since the 1960's in their cars.

[@Hopeless_and_Forlorn]

@@jerryeinstandig5691 And this predated WWII by how many years?

[@goognamgoognw6637]

I'll it's shocking that nearly all of combustion engine technology was already invented and what the hell have the done since, not much really except adding electronics.

[@CaptHollister]

@@goognamgoognw6637 Most post-ww2 advances took place in 2-stroke motors thanks mostly to an Est German engineer, Walter Kaaden. When it comes to four-strokes, all the components were in place when the first working engine was built, with forced-induction added shortly afterwards (1885) and fuel injection shortly after that (1909). Since then it's been a constant process of refinement.

[@kenbakker3241]

26:25 The narrator refers to the item as an "air pressure relief valve" it is however an oil pressure relief valve.

[@lifeindetale]

Amazing the size of the valves used

[@DannybFlat01]

I just Googled Turbo Chargers, Do the same if you think its something from the 1960's! Cool Video indeed

[@natew.5511]

At the Smithsonian I saw turbos on some of the late WW 1 planes. Many of the modern technology items we see on automobiles appeared on airplanes 20 to 40 years earlier. Did I hear the narrator mention variable valve timing?

[@External2737]

Wow, a fascinating topic presented in a monotone. Very informative, but all excitement was lost.

[@Mercmad]

I'd love one of those X engines to play with.

[@oceanhome2023]

Great conversation piece for my living room !

[@Pgcmoore]

outstanding!!!

[@MisteriosGloriosos922]

Fascinating video !!!

[@JustAboutTime]

Crisswell Predicts .. and narrates ENGINES!! (Watch Plan 9 from outer space .. you’ll get the joke 😉)

[@acemobile9806]

Our lubricating oils have advanced as much as engine technology. Throwing gas in the oil of a modern engine would be mechanical suicide. Those old oils led a harsh life. This is going in my saved list. Where's part 2?

[@Mercmad]

I have seen it used in Russia and Mercedes used to advise Diesel owners to add gas to the engine oil in winter to save strain on the tarter and battery.. once the engine heats up,the gas has evaporated .

[@bobl78]

they had no other solution and possible disadvantages were accepted

[@michaelparker5072]

@@craigwall9536 i'm sorry,i find find where the critisism is???

[@kenneth9874]

Those radial engines consumed a tremendous amount of oil by today's standards, some P47's had a 65 gallon oil tank

[@LCMNUNES1962]

VERY GOOD DOCUMENTARY MECHANISM AIRCRAFT, BRASIL OK.

[@ShakespeareCafe]

If it's not a Pratt&Whitney Wasp, I'm not flyin'

[@31144]

How thin are the cylinder walls on those radial engines ! ! Jeez 😮😮

[@track1219]

First time I heard of a piston having 2 oil rings, one of which was located near the bottom of the piston, well below the other rings. Shown at 12:45

[@anthonyesposito9251]

Those oil control rings were better known as scrapers for obvious reasons.

[@martynjames5963]

Loved it.

[@steveshoemaker6347]

Super good....Thanks very much...!

[@ronjon7942]

Pretty sure we watched this (or something very similar) in A&P school 30 years ago. I wish the film went into detail on the adjustment of the valve timing. I don’t believe these are VVT like modern engines; rather they’re adjusted based on anticipated engine usage and speed. There’s really no point in VVT, since rpm is generally constant, with the engine tuned for max power, most efficient cruise, etc. at a particular rpm.

[@jamest.5001]

Governor, GOVERNOR! We don't need no stinking govenor!! 😳, If they made these engines shorter stroked, to allow more rpm, or designed them slightly more like the 16v71 Detroit diesel, 2stroke, either gas or diesel!! The diesel would probably make more power, design it to spin about 3600-4000rpm governor speed, with the ability to get another 400-600 rpm for a couple minutes, if the extra speed is needed, in a military plane, with a turbo with supercharger bypass, run about 2-3bar boost at altitude, it should make 2x the power, especially in 2t form, firing every revolution, with 16-24 cylinders, but they did amazing things with what they had!! A 2t diesel, with 4valves / cylinder, during oil passages in the rods, to oil the pins, ending in a squirter spraying the bottom of the pistons, cooling them, and supply oil to the oil rings, oiling the cylinders, the squirters Cooling the pistons, more importantly cooling the combustion chambers in the pistons, allowing for more fuel duration, more power, the oil also cooling the rod bearings, piston pins, crank journals, more of a sealed lube system, instead of lots of oil leaking from the crank bearings, cam bearings, have the oil go to the bearings, then go to another location where it can be a controlled release, to prevent windage, cooling and lubing what is required, but expensive to build, especially then, they did awesome with what they had, sorry I ramble, great video!!

[@billboyd4051]

So many obsolete engines still in us today.

[@TheIceland2000]

Very informative. Thank you!

[@charlesangell_bulmtl]

VERY BASIC

[@rozbehravi8214]

⭐⭐⭐ very perfect and professional ⭐⭐⭐

[@jamesanderson83]

Great video! Thanks!

[@magmajctaz1405]

I never knew gasoline was used to intentionally dilute the engine oil to help with cold weather starting.

[@Watchmaker_Gereon-Schloesser]

Yes - I found that too interesting! PRE- "multigrade" oil.

[@jmurphy1973]

1:05 all the Hemi guys are half chubbed

[@magnatron7734]

Chubbed lol he means they are excited because the cylinder configuration is hemispherical. I e the valve layout. Chrysler had the hemi engines in cars like the cuda and charger exct. The guys who like Chrysler think they own the hemi. Lol been around since the twenty’s they get a chubby

[@primehaddock554]

I could be getting ready for school but why not learn about aircraft engines

[@MarkSmith-js2pu]

Dumb question…..Does the timing changes only affect the valves? Does timing changing affect when the spark is delivered?

[@richardkudra318]

Just a thought here, the tappets, cams and a great amount of energy would best be up graded to be electric solenoids controlling the valving. My thought is the energy of the combustion not be wasted but put to focus on the point-of-mobility. I can see much energy is lost to expelling heat from valving that could be centered and confined to the cranks bearing surfaces, head spark heat, exhaust valve localized heat displacement etc.

[@suzi_mai]

This would be more feasible with hydraulic pressure. Also, with modern computer control, infinitely varible cam timing and lift are possible. So, infinite powerband.

[@supercuda1950]

Now we know where roller rockers, sodium filled valves and forged rods came from. My question is why are radial engines always odd number of cylinders?

[@GreatJO]

Radial engines have odd number of cylinders because that makes an even firing interval. A four stroke cylinder fires ever 2 revolution. consider a 5 cylinder radial engine, arranged counter-clockwise, cylinder 1 at 12 o'clock, the firing order in 2 revolution would be 1-3-5-2-4.

[@JOSESANTOS2612]

CON EL MOTOR DETENIDO NO HAY CONTROL SOBRE LA HELICE Y NO SE PUEDE PONER EN BANDERA, LUEGO EL PILOTO DEBE PONER EN BANDERA LA HELICE ANTES DE QUE EL MOTOR SE DETENGA/ MOTOR DETENIDO DEJA FUERA EL MECANISMO Y EL AVION PIERDE VELOCIDAD CON ESTE PROBLEMA Y UN MOTOR MENOS ES ACCIDENTE SEGURO // ES EL CASO DE AVION DC-3 ACCIDENTADO EN COLOMBIA EL AÑO 2019

[@bigtopbollocks]

interesting how the lower part of connecting rod passes through the cylinder wall in the animation.

[@AlexanderThefake-do4qu]

So it's possible to ignite the fuselage of any flying aircraft with a high powered pulse laser?

[@brentdykgraaf184]

Engine design explained for " those from Rio linda".

[@thetreblerebel]

Compared to a standard V8 or over head Cam or dual over head Cam engine. The radial engine blows my mind

[@markcollard9326]

The long pushrods crack me up, amazing they work that way outside the engine. Almost reminds me of steam engine designs.

[@robertwoodliff2536]

How do you get inverted engines to oil? Why does the back of the pistons not fill up with oil?

[@Radeon-ns1id]

I was wondering the same, how is it lubricated while in a dog fight ?

[@ronjon7942]

If it’s left to sit, it will fill up in the heads and combustion chambers, maybe the bottoms of pistons, one of the reasons the prop is spun by hand. If there’s enough oil to hydraulic lock the engine, the lower spark plugs need to be removed to drain this excess oil. There are scavenge pumps in the cylinder heads to get the oil out of the lowest reaches and send it back to the oil tank. Also, the oil reservoir isn’t the bottom of the crankcase like in a car; it’s the large 10-20 gallon oil tank. Regardless of the plane’s attitude, the oil pumps always maintain oil pressure to force the lubrication to all the required surfaces via drilled passages and whatnot. There is some splashing of oil going on, but this isn’t guaranteed to ensure proper lubrication. In fact, the wiper and oil control rings prolly need to scrape away the excess splashed oil since the oil delivered by the oil pressurization system is designed to be sufficient.

[@badrudinlazim2444]

The engineers and designers of yore built engines as best as they knew how, and meant to last as close as forever. Nowadays the marketing and finance department told them that they need to sell something to the same people five years down the road!!!!

[@bendoon7010]

Ahh! the suck,squeeze,bang,blow explanation says it all!

[@gmanchurch]

That doesn’t refer to a piston engine because it’s thrust is made by the propeller. Suck,squeeze,bang,blow refers to jet engines.