Pneumomediastinum Radiology, Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment

This video is about Pneumomediastinum which is also known as Mediastinal Emphysema. Air or gas in the mediastinum is called pneumomediastinum.
Pneumomediastinum is typically caused by alveolar rupture which can be due to either a spontaneous or traumatic cause. A spontaneous pneumomediastinum can either be primary without an underlying cause or can occur secondary to an underlying cause. Pneumomediastinum is difficult to detect by physical examination alone.
Subcutaneous emphysema is present in the majority of patients. When present, "Hamman sign" is nearly pathognomonic for pneumomediastinum.
In this video I have discussed the Causes of Primary and Secondary Pneumomediastinum. I have briefly described the Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestation, Complications and Treatment of Pneumomediastinum. I have also given some chest radiographs showing the typical signs of pneumomediastinum such as "Sail Sign" and "Ring Sign".
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