Pokemon Character Study: Alder

[@azuresaiyan9005]

Don't think of Alder as this powerful opponent you must face like Blue, Red or Cynthia. His appeal comes from being a carefree mentor figure like Roshi or Jiraiya.

[@dedrick43]

Agreed.

[@noahsewell9615]

Azure Saiyan I actually like that about him

[@tavrosnitram543]

Azure Saiyan just not perverted

[@cultofmalgus1310]

he does give me the Jiraiya vibe.

[@markmagician2471]

Anime Alder is a pervert.

[@thien-y9382]

14:24 Alder. The only champion that is not afraid to jump off cliffs.

[@thereza3]

Wait, you think I'm afraid to jump off cliffs?

[@minohoy]

@@thereza3 idk you tell us

[@thereza3]

@@minohoy Depends.

[@slevinchannel7589]

Alder, some People know him as Lauro! How can you not mention that in such a Video!!

[@nojoke3202]

Or fight legendaries and help you Cynthia's is not good at helping but beating you is fine for her

[@tama3162]

I think calling Alder the "lamest champ" is a bit harsh. I feel like his laidback character is more memorable than people think. He's the first champ who seemed like he enjoyed his role as champion but not as the strongest. Someone pointed it out earlier; he seems to use his role as champ to be a sort of representative for trainers and Pokemon of the region. Yeah, he was beaten by N; that's kind of expected considering that it's always the player who takes out the big boss of the evil team, but he had more character and personality than most of the champs before him. He's also the only one who we see step down as champ on-screen(albeit in Memory Link) and it's not like he suddenly became a hollow shell of his former self once he did. He goes on to teach young trainers about the importance of being with Pokemon in his hometown rather than traveling around. I dunno. Alder just felt like that cool grandpa of yours that you always wanted to have.

[@manuelchavira6254]

Dont worry, it is actually Diantha

[@tama3162]

Yeah, Diantha was _EXTREMELY_ underwhelming. As a trainer and as a character.

[@ohdeargoshy6530]

Aoi Lady except in the team flare arc of the anime

[@tama3162]

What about it?

[@shepp_valais]

Aoi Lady You are right. In fact, I definitely love Alder. I like his personality personally. And his questions do inspire me. Calling him a "Lame Champion" doesn't make any sense. He is called "The Wandering Champion" anyway, which is cool since he does venture around the whole Unova region. Cool nickname. He is definitely the most interesting champion with great characteristics. Good job GameFreak, you've outdone yourselves!! (>•w•)> PrincessMultiversa

[@corenlavolpe2676]

Anime Alder is the pokemon version of Jiraya.

[@scorchfiregamer1078]

Kristina Kuznetsov haha!!!!! That's funny Jiraya... Pervy Sage hahaha

[@corenlavolpe2676]

Ah, you know it! I was hoping to make someone laugh.

[@reggy7706]

Except Alder is alive...

[@slevinchannel7589]

Sadly, we won't get Unova Remakes for a long time... which is sad... after Sinnoh, i would love Unove. Those two had some of the Best Games ever after all...

[@calvinshannon4361]

bro i was thinkikng the same thing

[@ShankaDaWanka]

Alder is the best champion for a few reasons. 1: He's a humble man that helps other trainers develop their skills more so than any other character. 2: I think it's pretty amazing a bunch of people selected him out of all the possibilities. 3: Alder tags along with you for almost all of the major events in the games. 4: He cares more about the Pokèmon, themselves than how well they perform in battle.

[@thereza3]

He is as kind as Ash, yet as weak as Ash, if I remember correctly.

[@egesermen]

and he jumps off cliffs

[@Eric-py8yy]

And he actually helps you to defeat Team Plasma

[@rishabhanand4973]

but also, yeah he lost to N but it's not like his pokemon don't perform well. Volcarona is an absolute monster. And also his other pokemon are pretty solid too. I mean accelgor has insane speed and pretty good special attack. Excavalier has a decent typing, is pretty good at taking hits, and hits pretty hard with x-scissor and iron head. bouffalant is also a pretty heavy hitter, and druddigon and vanliuxe are pretty good too.

[@Eric-py8yy]

@@rishabhanand4973 actually i think N Just won because of the legendary

[@YourBoyGuzma]

I feel bad for Alder. He barely gets noticed at ALL.

[@theinfernostud6226]

Your Boy Guzma you feel bad for me XD IT'S MY REAL NAME :D

[@thereza3]

...

[@thousandyardgavri2785]

underrated tbh.

[@slevinchannel7589]

He's Respectable BUT Forgetable... i wonder why? Isnt that kinda a Contradiction? Weird... Diantha meanwhile is just Forgetable, not Respectable, so no Question there!

[@sliverbullet7973]

A Random And Weird Girl With Random And Weird Vids ?

[@sunnyjenny]

Personally Alder is one of my favorite champions because he's different. I love the wandering mentor image he portrays

[@cultofmalgus1310]

Alder is the best champion because he is the most active and responsible champion aside from maybe Lance and Steven. However Lance and Steven only get involved when the stakes are high (Team Rocket, Magma/Aqua). The thing that I loved about Alder is that he spends his time humbly to educate the youth of his region and to create a better community. That's what a real leader does.

[@xxcrimsongamingxx4112]

I do not give a crap about what people say about Alder, games or anime, he asked out Cynthia! Isn't that enough!

[@quavad1658]

xxCrimson Gamingxx so how did it go.....

[@trollstar2561]

@@quavad1658 she rejected him if I remember correctly

[@quavad1658]

Oh what a shame....

[@thereza3]

I roasted him. He was too old for me.

[@Zaras2]

I will not screw up your 69 likes my friend but know that I would like your comment if my conduct wasn't against it

[@BeanoNintendo]

How can people call Alder the most forgettable champion when Diantha exists?

[@isgamer-8732]

BDZB Comics exactly

[@tokkyu6497]

Ikr

[@xxxrnfxxx]

When who exists?

[@JohnDoe-wb6vl]

BDZB Comics Most people still remember Diantha because of how underwhelming she was.

[@tvb5509]

Easy. When someone asks "who's the weakest champion," Diantha always comes to mind. It's a Magikarp situation.

[@MrBuddy]

What do you think of Alder? Also, let me know how the background music is in this video. Had an ear problem during editing the music, and because of that it was nearly impossible to get everything right ;_; Hopefully its still watchable though!

[@tahtbloo88]

HI

[@timtube2832]

Please reply to me I'm your biggest fan

[@tahtbloo88]

ok

[@butlerkitty]

alder is my husbando

[@theunundunly5368]

Alder is definitely great!!!!

[@TushantMirchandani]

So basically Alder was N before the real N was cool? I think your character study does justice to the character in the fact Alder is portrayed as the direct opposite of Ghetsis - whereas Ghetsis wanted to separate people and pokemon, Alder wanted to unite them to the fullest. Ghetsis also wanted power, whereas Alder believed that power isn't everything. These are the ideological conflicts that both N and the Player were trapped between. While Ghetsis had more of an influence on N, Alder was more of a mentor to the player. Theoretically, this was brilliant, actually! Especially with N defeating Alder, just so the Player could beat N, and it made for a great story. But in practice, the problem was that not only did Alder's memorability was sacrificed here for having been defeated too soon for the sake of a twist and raising the stakes, but also that Alder's ideology seemed to remind people of the message they've always heard - the bond between people and pokemon - which caused a lot of people to zone out, and it didn't matter that Alder actually had a more intimate reason to hold on to it. This further actually emphasized Ghetsis' ideas of having to separate people and pokemon, because it was a concept that other villain teams seldom followed. There's a reason why the games are called "Black and White", but it seems to me that the "Black vs White" was already rigged, intentionally or not. Despite the fact that Alder is a pretty amazing character, it seems he was doomed to have the short end of the stick from the very beginning for the sake of story.

[@Eric-py8yy]

Actually Alder is representation of a health debate

[@takarijbartleby]

I remember that Unova's Elite 4 Caitlin said that maybe someday she'll become Champion. I hope that'll happen; from a Frontier Brain to an Eilte 4, then maybe into a Champion.

[@Eric-py8yy]

Actually she wasnt a Frontier Brain, she was sister of a Frontier Brain

[@takarijbartleby]

@@Eric-py8yy She was the sister? Iirc she was the princess of the Battle Castle with her butler Darach acting as the Frontier Brain

[@Kylesico912x]

@@Eric-py8yy Pretty sure she is the frontier brain but Darach fights in her place. Being the princess of the castle, she runs the place. It's also revealed in Black and White that she has powerful psychic powers and in the past an explosive temper. Which is probably why Darach was acting frontier brain.

[@sambutler953]

I love Alder, I'd wanna just hang around him. He'd be really cool as a granddad.

[@ShortStop_Productions1992]

Yea.

[@MrBuddy]

Also, please vote on the next Character Study! I know this one is long (I really want to make shorter ones again ;_;), but if you go to the end theres a couple options you can vote on for who the next Character Study will focus on!

[@butlerkitty]

how abt the rivals in xy

[@tama3162]

Lance maybe? Either Lance or Clair. I'd say Agatha because of the history she and Oak have _butttttttttttt_ Nintendo barely even talks about it other than a bit of dialogue.

[@m1ndset669]

You Should Do Skyla!!!!!

[@TiagoNomad]

Skyla next.

[@shanelloyd853]

I'd like to see Volkner or Skyla

[@DallySkyeAnims]

I absolutely hated how Alder in the manga just left after losing to N, not even participating in stopping N in the end. It really felt as if Alder's ideals in the manga were really flimsy if he lost heart after one stupid battle.

[@Caterfree10]

I mean, as soon as I heard Alder’s theme at the beginning, I knew whose theme is was and had a huge smile on my face remembering his scenes in game. He might not be my personal fave, but he’s honestly memorable to me, at least :3

[@Solarblossom2238]

ALDER IS MY NO.1 CHAMPION!!!! BUT THAT ENDING THO!!!

[@Lightdragon773]

I vote for the 4th Hokage I mean Volkner

[@silverhetch3383]

yeah man

[@inactivechannel3866]

Ha!

[@KingStr0ng]

Alder = Jiraiya

[@lunarchenle3089]

Well I vote for the 7th Hokage.

[@saklee1777]

ikr! i was just like “hm who’s volkner again? he sounds familiar...” i see his picture “oh my gosh! its the 4th hokage!”

[@MattCMG]

Really wanna see that Skyla character study all about her big, round, plump... personality.

[@cammycakesss]

based

[@peesinyourass]

And Her interest in Aviation

[@Xman34washere]

Aaay

[@ansemthetrueseekerofdarkne2730]

Pervy Sage!

[@DededeFan217]

I can't be the only who had trouble with Alder the first time I fought him.

[@ericgropuis]

I like Alder alot he is my favorite Champion out there, even if he is pretty forgettable. I'm glad someone actually made a video about Alder because I never have seen anyone else really talk about Alder. As for who I would like to see next I will like either Cyrus or Ghetis.

[@afrahahmed2364]

Actually, Malva would be a pretty interesting character to talk about. She might not have had much screen time, but she comes out to be pretty interesting, being a team Flare member AND an elite four member. It makes you wonder if her relevance to the Kalos pokemon league had anything to do with the league being so lenient, and down right indifferent to what team Flare was doing. The only authority figure who ever even cared about what team Flare was up to was Looker.

[@kaireves4994]

Diantha has to be the worst/lamest champion but Alder is cool

[@ohdeargoshy6530]

Kai Reves Diantha was my least fave, but after the team flare arc in the anime she went from 10th to 6th :3

[@oksusceptible5040]

I forgot she existed

[@Arthion]

@@oksusceptible5040 That if anything is telling about how dissapointing she is xD. Kinda sad really though, she has almost no impact on the story or any character development in the actual games. She's just...there

[@thereza3]

No need to be harsh to any champion, even though I roasted one..

[@sokumotanaka9271]

no she's not the worst cause in sun and moon your professor tried to be the champ and I feel like besides being nice he's not much.

[@SophisticatedGoat222]

Woah, I heard Opelucid City looks different in Black, but I didn't realize it was the complete opposite! In White it's all rustic and old, while in Black it's all modern and techno.

[@jordiarnau6470]

I'd love to see a Cyrus "analysis"

[@MonarchSunny39]

I thought the length of the video was perfect. You spent enough time going into each aspect of Alder to the point were I felt like I knew him. And I vote for Volkner for the next character study

[@pinokosthewife]

“The past is the past, what’s important is the present” is a line he says while hosting the tournament in the anime… I definitely think that and his changing philosophy and insistence on trust being more important than winning or losing, and enjoying life while it lasts, it all does seem to hint at the game backstory and ties into Best Wishes! story about growing up and helps Trip stop rejecting friendship and actually… spending time with his Pokemon and not being in such a hurry to grow up.

[@natalimoina]

very well put

[@shanelloyd853]

I actually had a tough time with Alder the first time I fought him. That made a big impact on me and made him one of my favorite champions.

[@thereza3]

How did the right go?

[@DJ-Rose]

Alder is the only person that has asked Cynthia out in the anime.

[@evenananimos576]

Yeah, and have been rejected.

[@meredithsutton1485]

I adore these videos! I've started keeping notes on Pokemon lore as I play through the games and making headcanons as I go. It's so much more immersive and fun. Keep up the great work!

[@chompie3185]

I really enjoyed this video! It is longer than the others but I think the lenght makes up for the fact that no one talks about Alder. Keep up the good work :)

[@Metawire61]

I'd just like to note that the BW2 manga is now completed in english and it's been revealed that he threw the fight with N because, deep in him, he believed in team plasma's ideals of free pokemon. Of course he was still opposed to national terrorists plasma but he was very friendly and supportive of N

[@ansemthetrueseekerofdarkne2730]

Damn, Alder and N could have been like Jiraiya and Naruto.

[@Hamada-uy8uy]

How about a character study on Malva from the Kalos Elite Four? She might suck in her battles, but besides that she's pretty interesting for being the first evil team member in the Elite Four. Her Manga, Anime, and Game appearances differ enough for a good character study in my opinion. By the way, if I had to vote from the 3 Gym Leaders you showed, I'd go with Blaine for his implied backstory with Mr./Dr. Fuji.

[@sokumotanaka9271]

I dont think people dont talk about alter because they hate it. It’s more of the presence he has in game and not about N beating him. see Steven Stone and Cynthia are not only popular because of their designs and character but because of their appearances in the story. You run into both of them alot and they’re portrayed as smart, powerful and badass so kids would talk alot about them and possibly hold them in high esteem. You go with Cynthia in the distortion world and Steven helps you in a boss fight, so you get a sense of the lengths they’ll go. As for Alter it’s more of a fault of the presentation in game. In black and White he barely appears and the appearances he does make are brief, and he doesn’t really appear in post game like Cyn does so of course people wouldn’t talk about him much not cause they hate him but in both games combined he doesn’t get to appeal much as a character or a trainer. The same can be said for Diantha who also doesn’t appear as much as Cyn and Steven do nor does she have a strong sense of characterization when she does. I mean look at Alter and her; they both talk about caring about pokemon, but they aren’t telling us something we don't even from almost every NPC; whereas Steven and Cynthia both challenge the respective teams ideals and how foolish they can be and confront them. Alter is shown more as a champion in the background, he doesn't appear as much so you dont get to fully gage the character, he doesn’t go over any interest beyond standard traveling which all champs do, then disappears and doesn’t reappear in post at all. So it’s less people think he’s weak cause of N I feel that’s kinda silly, but he doesn’t get much time to shine cause of the choices in story. I mean heck you mention you have to have a specific memory to learn that he talked to two of his fellow league masters and it’s not just in the game! You could have easily stated that it was a memory or dream left behind by a musharna or some other ghost/psychic pokemon. It's not the audience, it's the writing.

[@LEtheCreator]

He's certainly my favorite champion! He's a likeable guy, and I think his character has a fair bit more depth than any other champ in the series. Plus, his battle theme is just so dang catchy and upbeat!

[@dariandavis6332]

have you done N yet? I'd love to see one of him if not

[@ALYEE2025]

Nobody: Champions that People Talk About: 😊 Alder: 😭 Alder when he is finally being talked about: 🤗

[@shinobibeat]

Adler is very interesting as a champion, and keep up the great work Buddy!

[@gengarzilla1685]

Alder may not be the toughest Champion, but there's no doubt that he's a very well characterised one. It goes well with his outlook on strength.

[@Follpvosten]

Alder is my favorite champion and i think he really is underrated, even by the games (he doesn't have his own battle theme).

[@ericgropuis]

I agree with you Alder is actually one of my favorite Champions out there and I share a similar philosophy with him that it's not just all about strength, it's about the bonds. It does suck that he doesn't have his own battle theme but his theme is still pretty cool

[@FanyHaryF]

This series is best! Thank you for doing that!

[@neog8029]

Can we take a moment to appreciate how Alder casually jumps off of cliffs without snapping his legs?

[@ShortStop_Productions1992]

Mmhm. This guy’s bones seem like they are made out of steel!

[@wolfox7776]

Untill recently Alder was my favorite champ, and he still is one of my Favorite's, he even helped me get my point of view on life hehe

[@TheDucksEye]

This Video is amazing! I've learned so much about my favorite Pokemon game and favorite champion, also the video is very well edited.

[@dowottboy5889]

He is really underrated aswell as the rest of gen 5

[@meloelebi1996]

I find Alder pretty interesting as he considers the position of champion more of a representative of Unova than simply being the strongest of the region. That said as long as Wallace and Diantha exist (Wallace) I think he's safe from being the worst.

[@tama3162]

I, uh... I keep forgetting Wallace became champ in Emerald version. Probably because it was my big sister's game, but I keep forgetting that Steven steps down and gives the champ cape to Wallace.

[@IndigoEuphonium]

I always considered Alder to be the crazy grandfather who has a mansion and private island, but would rather go out to an IHOP's.

[@ShaAvery]

Please do a character study on N!!

[@aakashtiwari7594]

I really like Alder as a character, he enjoys life and loves to hang out with kids

[@peytonsims5380]

I like Alder, and for being forced to use only gen 5 Pokémon his team is actually kind of tough plus it’s kind of high level

[@lordjs9726]

Awesome video, man. Do a character study on Cyrus, the Team Galactic boss.

[@dialaskisel5929]

First off, he's pretty cool as a Champion, being the first one to have a team themed around a type that is often overlooked (unlike Dragon which has always been op, Steel being the best defensive element, and fairy being a new addition at the time and acting as a counter to the previously mentioned op type). And, really, his bug-type team really is somewhat symbolic of him and his philosophy. He may not always be the most showy and impressive of champions, but he is still very competent without having to be overpowering and intense all the time. Part of me also wants to see a scene or two about that time when the Unova region unanimously decided to elect a hippie hobo as champion though...

[@dero_oan]

I don't think he's unforgettable. He's one of the only things I actually liked in BW and B2W2. I think he's actually interesting especially after the encounter at Celestial Tower. And Volkner for sure or Drayden

[@Kylesico912x]

I think there is a question we all want to ask about Alder. What is that cliff he's standing on doing in the middle of the road?

[@dligh2608]

The BW2 arc is finally starting again in adventures!!! Hopefully Alder does make an appearance

[@luccicchio]

Didn't you mean Zekrom in Pokemon White and Reshiram in Pokemon black?

[@MrBuddy]

It's kind of my bad in the video for not explaining it well enough in the video, but in Pokemon Black N awakens Zekrom at the Dragonspiral Tower and uses it on his team, while in Pokemon White he awakens Reshiram. The player then gets the opposite Legendary of whichever one he awakens (which is on the cover of the games) to battle him. So in Black you get Reshiram, and in White you get Zekrom.

[@luccicchio]

It's ok =D

[@sansnutdealer8621]

no because zekrom (the black one is on the cover of white)

[@IthinkIwant]

+Mr Buddy my most favorite Pokemon Legendary on GEN 5 are Reshiram.

[@sebastianlupo3147]

mr krabz Reshiram is on the cover of pokemon black zekrom pokemon white

[@SearingSeraph]

This is some clean AF editing! Good job, hope you get more subs

[@camuiyamada9613]

you do such good work! you should have waaay more subs

[@afraxbuqus3933]

Alder = Age (In Norwegian) Age -> Experience His name could be a reference to his wisdom? (Could also be a reference to his lax nature as well.)

[@megmoore8681]

I want to see a character study of N!

[@pizzalover4501]

You might not have known this,but Alder was voiced by Scottie Ray in the anime.

[@nascour5991]

Your next character study should be about Blaine because he's really awesome especially in the manga!! :)

[@electrocast]

This is an old video but I thoroughly enjoyed it. I'm unsure if Alder is my favourite champion for sure, but he's absolutely the one that resembles me the most. Though it took watching your video to see that... thanks.

[@h.miller1892]

I actually cried when you talked about how his larvesta died and how that changed him.

[@bop8370]

He probably isn’t noticed enough because when you beat the game N is the one you fight as the champion battle.

[@cvgthedaydreamfairygirl8092]

Alder is my favourite because he feels like a teacher and someone who watches over you to make sure you are ok.

[@PiercePapke]

You gotta do Lilly. Please.

[@mixxur]

He's definitely a more unique champion, but I'd have to blame his lack of appearances for how forgettable he is.

[@whatshappeninganymore2473]

Mixed Serpent Come to think of it I forgot Wallace was a champion, too.

[@guyhernaez]

I feel sad because Alder never got noticed that well at Pokemon games compare to others.

[@andrejslukins9637]

Best series! Thank you for your hard work!

[@M08Xrd]

Great video Buddy!! Really like it. Hope see the next one soon! ^^

[@Hamantha]

This man is a champion of not battling prowess, per say, but of raw moral character and ethics. It’s clear he has seen and witnessed more than anyone except AZ has

[@the_real_idoit8166]

Alder the champion of getting rejected by Cynthia

[@abhithegoat5810]

So happy to see my fav champ be remembered :)

[@tribekingjr908]

Alder reminds me a lot of jiraya and maybe Lysander.... maybe there's a link😨

[@nouramine171]

Hey I suggest a character study on Looker !!!

[@SherLuvSuju]

Please do one about N!

[@JazzMstrGeneral]

Blaine for sure. He has a very interesting background in the manga.

[@marshalboyd3664]

I don't know about any one else but I'd like to see a pokemon character study about Janine, the poison type gym leader from second gen, and to a lesser extent I'd like to see one for Whitney seeing as she has a reputation for dominating players with her miltank.

[@exscalion1952]

You should do a series that would tell the plot of each Pokemon game. Like about the towns the gym leaders their teams the Pokemon on each route the landmarks you visit ect. I think it would b really cool even though it would take a long time to make, it would help a lot of people so we don't have to watch 70 episodes of gameplay.

[@bownana3250]

I'm surprised there's no reference or mention of Dakim from Pokémon Coliseum

[@jeisie1176]

Can you do May, Dawn or Iris? I love this series btw

[@greenbowtieproductions1936]

Do a character study on N or cheren or any villan. In terms of character development and story the black and white games are some of the best. The anime? Not so much.

[@bryanalbertus3489]

Alder is underrated

[@ShortStop_Productions1992]

Yea but his Grandson is even more underrated.

[@MisterMike]

Awesome man! I like this serie a lot. You are great :)

[@ananiaspereira6747]

The chad alder vs the beta leon

[@saklee1777]

i never bothered to go back to the elite 4 and battle alder in pokemon white so idk how strong his pokemon are. if i remember right, i think the hardest champions to defeat were lance and cynthia.

[@jaycenteno8385]

Love these character studies, they just keep getting better. Keep it going. Also, I vote Skyla or Blaine. Id be happy with either one.

[@MRsonicrouge]

I'd love to see Volkner. He was hella rad

[@SillyBilly533]

It kinda sux that nobody notices gen 5. Gen 5 will always be my fave because it was my first. Alder will always be my champion

[@natalimoina]

Alder is such a fantastic character in the anime, they handled him so well, it's crazy how much of an impact his character has on Ash and the series' themes and direction as a whole. BW anime goated as usual

[@carlosmc2612]

Do Steven Stone!

[@ohdeargoshy6530]

Carlos Mc I SUPPORT THIS OERSON WITH MY LIIIIIIIIIFE

[@prokeikas7284]

How to make a Pokemon champion memorable for me: 1. Put some awesome music in his/her battle.

[@Gen-Jin]

I would like you to do a character study for Pearl since I think he was one of the more interesting and stand out characters from the game and the manga. But thats for a future study but for the next study I would love to see Skyla since I had no experience whatsoever with Black/white but I really want to know about the characters in them. Thank you if you do both of these in the future.

[@kiwisausage]

You should do an analysis of Looker!

[@StudioNama]

I never noticed he had a pokemon team relative of his Elite 4!

[@hiroundblazer5667]

this video is great i mean the dialogue was great and it isn't too long it isn't too short it is perfect but the audio i think it was a bit down

[@sachicocoa9013]

Could you do a study on gym leader Candice?

[@izrode6841]

Alder is literally the enjoyer meme in the form of a pokemon character.