POV: I'm on my third coffee and you just asked me how the internet works

[@fasterthanlime]

To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/fasterthanlime/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription. Errata: 192.168.1.0/24 being a /24 has nothing to do with the fact that it’s not publicly routable. This range and a couple others are reserved by RFC1918. (This got lost in between script revisions, my bad!)

[@roganl]

I was a bit taken aback by that fast and loose bit of story telling... "only 256 addresses" therefore it can't be on the internet???

[@fasterthanlime]

Yep! That bit was factually wrong. The originally script quoted RFC1918, and had us run whois on it, which lets you know what it's used for, and talked about 10/8 and 172.16/12 etc. but I had to cut a lot of things so I could finish the video this century and now we have this unfortunate bit in. Oh well.

[@roganl]

@@fasterthanlime - It's all good. Just your usual rigor wasn't on full display.... you needed to take another pass at a cute transition before you went into editing mode. Perhaps handle it like you did the loopback, an then toss off a reference to the RFC in the notes.. Also, you completely glossed ICMP.... Keep the videos coming.

[@theNoriLi]

your video looks great! grats on the sponsorship

[@fasterthanlime]

@@theNoriLithanks 💛

[@funkintonbeardo]

POV: you are a team lead interviewing me for a network programming position

[@saiv46]

Unrealistic, more like for Frontend Developer position. Some people ask unrelated things and expect you **not** to know.

[@Morimea]

And you trying to not trigger fbi alarm pretending "you do not know how actually internet works, you never heard about bgp and how interent is insecure and easy to break, and you never read any cloudflare blogs".

[@panbubr]

I didn't expect to hear a Polish segment delivered so well, you took me by surprise :D

[@fasterthanlime]

Dziękuję!

[@funkintonbeardo]

Dzien Dobry!

[@omgwtfafterparty]

bober

[@horryportier7539]

i though I'm going crazy from lack of sleep when it happened

[@Mtaalas]

When I was working as a technician for an eSports streaming company, we had 3 small servers around the globe to route traffic through or use for some other needs. Since we were often receiving an RTMP or other stream from across the pond or even from Japan to Finland, there were times when the route just wasn't optimal with direct routing, so if we chose to route the RTMP traffic first through one of the servers that were located for example in Germany, we could quite often "force" a better route and get good and stable stream :) but the truth truly is that nobody knows how internet actually works, and that's the whole point :D Packets somehow get where they're supposed to get... most of the time. But with video streaming etc. you might not be able to wait for the packets, so you need to get more creative :)

[@fasterthanlime]

I love that story, thanks for sharing!

[@fwfy_]

this reminds me of the time when me and a friend were trying to play minecraft together. i hosted the server and forwarded the port, it worked beautifully. my friend who lived a town away, however, had THE WORST connection ever to my server. i'm talking so much packet loss it was just unplayable. so on a whim, i decided to do an experiment. i used a digitalocean droplet that i was renting from toronto (quite the distance away from us both, but still same country/province) to set up an SSH port forward back to my server at home. lo and behold, when he connected through the ssh tunnel, his connection was miraculously 100x better, and he was able to play just fine. i love the internet

[@eUnkn0wn]

"This is what IPv6 sounds like to Americans who still don't have access to it." PREACH IT, BROTHER.

[@snowwsquire]

Sucks to suck -american with ipv6

[@jan_harald]

I'm in europe but STILL no ipv6 >:(

[@codingneko]

Yeah, Spain too brother, Spain too... At least I can get an IPv4 with no CG-NAT, whiiiich is arguably better even... or more legible at the very least... Sucks I can't host shit over IPv6 tho

[@baileyharrison1030]

@@codingnekoCG-NAT is as bad as it gets. You can’t even port forward lmao.

[@codingneko]

@@baileyharrison1030 I mean tbf, you can't port forward if you have no IP either xddd

[@aims-pls]

THANK YOU for finally making a video about the internet that also covers IPv6 and doesn't say, "This is some other different thing, you don't need to know about that" I have waited SOO LONG for someone to make a video that isn't just IPv4

[@kamilogorek]

Nice to see @NoBoilerplate cameo in part 3.

[@kamilogorek]

And polish language in part4.

[@roganl]

I thought his Polish was quite polished@@kamilogorek

[@fasterthanlime]

Fun fact: I finished editing this video in a train. All 600 assets were on my portable SSD, except for two voice takes, which DaVinci Resolve captured on the internal disk of my workstation at home... so I asked Tris for last-minute voice-over work and even though he was traveling, he obliged! (It's the second time he records something for me, unfortunately the first time, I ended up scrapping the whole video!)

[@sploders1019]

Literally came to the comments to mention because I didn’t see any mention in the description lol

[@Ipanienko]

I thought I was going insane for a second in the Polish segment. I could understand what you were saying but I had no idea why. It took me a few seconds to realise that you were speaking Polish. A very surreal feeling 😅 Your Polish is really good by the way.

[@zanbaldwin]

First sponsored segment I haven’t skipped in a long time

[@fasterthanlime]

I'm glad! I honestly do these for fun more than for the money these days :)

[@multivariateperspective5137]

@@fasterthanlime the “no you hang up” was layered enough to make me literally lol

[@ゾカリクゾ]

this is one of those videos I will watch again in like 6 months and only fully understand by then.

[@ゾカリクゾ]

Update. I now understand this video

[@LunarLaker]

It took me until 7:53 to realise you're french and that's why it was going through french telcos. This is without mentioning I've already watched 4 of your other videos

[@fasterthanlime]

@@Ok_Mountain_8698I’m half Swiss half French (currently living in France)

[@Taaz2]

@@fasterthanlimewhere does the polish come in then

[@jotjakubjot]

yes, how are you so good at Polish then :D @@fasterthanlime

[@adnanjpg]

babe wake up new fasterthanlime video just dropped

[@DafuqModeOn]

Lmfao that switch to Polish caught me completely off guard. I thought KZbin suddenly added a voice autotranslation xD

[@xXUnknowPersonXx]

xDDD same

[@mjend7581]

😂

[@Bravo-oo9vd]

11:08 I got spooked when you started speaking polish. A surprise to be sure, but a welcome one.

[@pb3dpb3d]

also jumpscared

[@d0gowner]

im not complaining but why is bbno$ teaching me about the world wide web

[@SkegAudio]

Thanks for the amazing voice-over work, Tris!

[@Autumn_Faye]

I'm a Network Tech for an ISP and this video is great! Your explanations were spot on!

[@humankerbal3623]

me on a date:

[@gamehatter6216]

hearing dominique activated some kind of sleeper agent dread within me from the trauma of french classes at school, so thanks for that lmao

[@fasterthanlime]

Mais de rien, c’est tout naturel. J’espérais trigger des fans d’American Horror Story surtout, mais pour l’instant, rien.

[@realGBx64]

@@fasterthanlimeca va? Ca va beaocoup.

[@satinxs8]

​@fasterthanlime I know 0 French and it definitely triggered insane asylum scenes from AHS so... you got one

[@2000YG]

i dont understand people that say ipv6 is too complicated but use NAT and CG-NAT just to have some ipv4 addresses. I started calling ipv4 "legacy ip" and ipv6 just "ip"

[@el_quba]

Recently a technician from my ISP tried to convince me that almost no websites will work for me if I use IPv6 at home (let's skip the fact that I wanted to do dual-stack) and yet Google is reporting 50% of global traffic being IPv6 and mobile connections extensively use IPv6. The issue seems to be that a small group of people are stuck in the 90s refusing to even try to understand IPv6, but those people have a big influence on the network operations.

[@SimonBuchanNz]

​@@el_qubaI always heard it the opposite way, that if you host only on v6 that hardly anyone will be able to access it. Perhaps what he meant was few sites host ipv6, but 6to4 exists (which is why mobiles work), and it's less complex than NAT.

[@gbassi]

Your videos are as good and as clever as your blog posts. Subtle smart remarks, very fun to watch. I knew all the stuff you showed but it was very entertaining. Cheers for that. I'm subscribing!

[@Levi_OP]

When I heard tris I was amazed. Thank you for having him on. I love you both. Great video

[@mgattozzi]

The story so far: In the beginning IPV4, NAT, and BGP were created. This has made a lot of people very angry and been widely regarded as a bad move

[@roganl]

+1000 for obtuse HHGTTG reference.

[@autohmae]

At the moment I would say, it's still a positive over all.

[@altosack]

In the beginning… NAT… Yep, you’re a _lot_ younger than I.

[@jan_harald]

you meant DNS instead of NAT ;P NAT came way later, after there already were concerns about IP limits... oh and don't forget usa military and a few major companies own like half of ipv4 address space...

[@supersat]

@@jan_harald some machines I've used didn't even support DNS -- you had to update the /etc/hosts file ;)

[@iChrisBirch]

Excellent. Please always keep your silly and fun delivery. I can't believe I actually enjoyed watching the Brilliant advertisement. Educational and wildly entertaining, thank you very much for the video.

[@lilyydotdev]

This video will be an excellent alternative entrypoint into the rabbit hole of having your own autonomous system, as a private individual, with your own IP space announced from it. I can feel it.

[@sapphie132]

Have to say, I was impressed by both the French pronunciation and the Polish one (admittedly the former makes sense, but the latter I was not expecting)

[@fasterthanlime]

Thanks! It's good to have training pay off.

[@kaifenjoyer]

The first time I watched the video I was barely familiar with networking mainly thanks to my attempts to host a Minecraft server during high school. It required the understanding of private vs public IPv4 addresses as well as some fiddling with port filtering on a router. So, at first a lot of moments such as protocol names and command examples just went over my head. But dude, I'm in the middle of a Linux + networking course right now and it all made so much more sense. I've been able to truly appreciate your work explaining the overall picture of the Internet. Followed through all the steps, looked up a bunch of mentioned topics, understood the commands, got all the jokes (they're great btw :), and finally the pieces are coming together. Although I wouldn't recommend this video to a complete newbie, with some level of entry knowledge it's top tier. Thank you, genuinely. Now everything is much clearer. I subscribed. Keep it up!

[@Sprinkles-r5y]

Loved this one, especially the subtitles 😂 simplest explanation I've seen that I'd feel confident I could show my parents and they'd understand. Thanks.

[@lingojam688]

i liked your little song at the end, very nice

[@DSollick]

Well if I wasn't motivated to visit before, fresh pancakes definitely do the job...

[@NateLevin]

Great video! One thing - the captions are wrapped in “”, might want to fix that if it’s an automated tool

[@fasterthanlime]

Thanks! I just fixed it.

[@spookyfm4879]

CANYON.MID!!! (at 0:58) Boy, that was probably the first thing my computer speakers ever put out - our family 386 only had an AdLib card at the beginning, so wav files were out of the questions, but MIDI playback worked. I must've listened to that song dozens of times as a kid.

[@imijmi]

Videos always need a second and third watch but love the deep dives. Thanks!

[@fasterthanlime]

Thanks for your support! Mind the erratas in the pinned comment if you’re actually learning from these 😌

[@chickenonaraft508]

Oh that song brings back memories. C ….. G A! C ….. G A, C B A G F F F# G E D C Geeeeeeee!

[@fasterthanlime]

Did you.. did you edit your comment to fix the chords??

[@LARKXHIN]

I went to school for networking and never ended up using it that much (moved onto cloud work, but again the cloud's foundation is networking i just work with L1 and 2 less ) so this was fun to watch.

[@RyanHuegerich]

Sing at the end was fantastic. I would listen to a full album based off that song.

[@Scie]

I really love this video. I have a slight understanding of how networking works so I was trying to guess where you were going next and was shocked several times at where you went with it. It’s very novel and I will be sending this video to people who are interested in learning (and some who are not)

[@bromophenol2469]

FasterThanBoilerplate vs NoLime

[@mtnsolutions]

what did I just watch... you, sir, have a unique sense of humor. and I appreciate it. you have earned my subscribe. keep up the great work

Less snarkily, I self-host a few services for reasons, and this has become much better with IPv6 - because it avoids the indirection to the IPv4 address of the router when I'm actually home. On the local network, IPv6 is routed directly, which is a significant speed boost. (Still have to deal with dynamic dns and everything of course, yet still.)

[@0xfadead]

This is gonna be a banger

[@NickAc]

(it was)

[@DeezelxDr3amz]

this was amazing. much complexity in a simple, entertaining, form factor. GG m8

[@IvanGyulev-j4u]

I've been scared of the inner workings of the internet up until watching this video. Without specific addresses in the examples I woudn't have enjoyed so much and understood so easily the content. So many educational videos give an overview the mechanism/protocol and don't go through it with specific numbers, which is useful for tracking what's going on. (on a small note, it's important to remember that sometimes being specific can cause people to draw wrong conclusions like when teaching geometry and more specifically properties of triangles)

[@HeroRareheart]

I have DDWRT and OpenWRT on my routers for a reason. Having up to date firmware reduces the chances I'll be vulnerable to some random bug that let's someone into my network.

[@Big_bangx]

Hearing the voice from Tris was a great add-on to the video :D

[@ade5324]

it's a series of TUBES!

[@RedSntDK]

It's not a truck!

[@vanish3408]

Nice Polish! Are you learning it or just said it for this bit? Cheers from Warsaw!

[@fasterthanlime]

I'm learning it! Thanks very much and cheers to you!

[@TheMattaBase]

Really enjoyed hearing noboilerplate in your Brilliant sponsorspot :) (I should probably finish the video before commenting, but if we also get a later cameo that'll be fun as well)

[@overrevvv]

The funiest ad segment, I've ever seen. And thank you so much for this fantastic video.

[@MichaelDaCreator]

Started learning about how the internet works really enjoying myself don't know here to get more in-depth resources would appreciate any recommendations

[@co_to_to_nie]

The switch to Polish was /chef's kiss!

[@auslegungssache]

wow what an amazing explanation

[@eboatwright_]

I know No Boilerplate's voice when I hear it! Great video btw

[@ajko000]

Everything carrier-grade is just repeating itself, or encapsulating. Working for a CDN and then SP has taught me a lot about layer 8.

[@autohmae]

This is pretty good ! I would have added cable Internet, maybe ? Not just DSL. The US is at almost 50% IPv6 adoption though, so pretty much the global average. Do we want to complain about the US, I'm certain some neighbor countries in Europe also apply. 10:55 actually, we got a lot of temporary addresses, your computer often creates new ones. 15:55 their is DHCP Guard and IPv6 RA Guard if you are luck and want it... 17:38 honestly, a bit surprised if it didn't do masquerade all the time. DNS Kaminisky attack mitigation workaround says it probably should ? Well, for UDP anyway, maybe not for TCP I guess ? 19:42 actually, the opposite is also true, see the talk: Freedom in the Cloud by Eben Moglen.

[@VivekYadav-ds8oz]

I don't get NAT hole punching. The hole has been punched for (intermediary_server_, port). Then how can I connect to (friend_ip, port), unless it's the case that NAT only does translation individually from source -> destination and src_port -> dest_port?

[@fasterthanlime]

I think the reason it works is because the router only needs to remember the port and which local address it’s meant for, and not the source IP. More info here: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hole_punching_(networking)

[@zekicay]

@@fasterthanlimeAnd why it doesn't always work - some NAT boxes remember all 5 numbers (protocol, source IP, destination IP, source port and destination port)

[@LarryAszune]

Aha! So if I drive to Lyon, all I have to do is tell you I'm coming over, and then drive around until I can smell the freshly made pancakes

[@xenoglossia_ch]

i think the youtube algorithm delivered this to me because of professor messer's A+ course. thank you, this video is really cool :)

[@xM0nsterFr3ak]

17:58 that's how i am going to handle all phone calls from now on: Take the call, answer that i am not expected a call and hang up 😂

[@alexlowe2054]

As a software developer, this explains why I never had a clear understanding of IPv4. It's confusing as heck, and all you have to figure out what's going on is a bunch of tools that only give you partial information, and people can sit between you and your destination and modify your stuff. Amazing. I think I'll stick with my debugger that allows me to inspect the full memory of the program, pause, modify values in memory, hotload new code to fix a bug without rerunning the entire transaction, and jump to a previous line of code to rerun a previous method again, with different values. Being a network engineer sounds awful.

[@Juansteed]

thank you for the nice sound effects used !

[@codeman99-dev]

I never expected to hear Tris on this channel! What a happy moment!

[@lawliot]

Hi, I absolutely loved your explanations in this video. My ISP implements CG-NAT and I would like to learn more about it. So if you're reading this comment and planning on doing a continuation, please keep this in mind :)

[@bode-fun]

Just coming here for the music in the end

[@maopow772]

Great video Cant wait to see more content like this

[@mikkolukas]

2:35 👍for including the Loituma version of Ievan Polkka 😉

[@Barnardrab]

You just summarized 4 years of CCNA classes.

[@prottentogo]

you went from "hey, that's easy" to "what?" real quick

[@FelixHdez]

nice video, thanks for the subtitles btw

[@RR-hl6zi]

Came for the explanation, stayed for Tris.

[@alexchomp]

Awesome video, good energy and entertaining throughout. Please have me over for pancakes sometime this summer

[@SXZ-dev]

How quickly the accent comes on when he says "France Telecom" lol

[@jotjakubjot]

I did not know I needed that. Thanks.

[@cambrown5777]

Small thing but I saw at 14:42 that you are using an Ampere instance on Hetzner! I’m a logic design engineer there! What do you think? Any comments/complaints from making the switch to ARM?

[@alastor--radiodemon7556]

i came here thinking i was finally going to understand how to do internet stuff. now i understand that what i actually don't understand is ipv4. nothing changed :c

[@el_quba]

No Boilerplate took me by surprise!

[@kaitlynethylia]

I am 100% here for the over-caffeinated nerding

[@cxarra]

Haven’t finished watching the vid yet, but this title format is absolutely genius

[@Nylspider]

I know I’m super late but 2:50 Ievan Polka spotted!

[@bode-fun]

“When you do an internet” okay, papa

[@kahnzo]

Algorhyme I think that I shall never see Agraph more lovely than a tree. A tree whose crucial property Is loop-free connectivity. A tree that must be sure to span So packets can reach every LAN. First, the root must be selected. By ID, it is elected. Least-cost paths fromroot are traced. In the tree, these paths are placed. A mesh is made by folks like me, Then bridges find a spanning tree. -Radia Perlman

[@gorge464]

Great explanation!

[@beegman27]

i like the subtle addition of Ievan Polkka as background music :)

[@cotneit]

One of the best sponsor segments

[@michaeltendo]

I'm still stuck at the fact that my localhost ping times are much longer than yours

[@MohammadMustakimAli]

Man! I never thought ill rewind and watch sponsored segment a few times 😂

[@codecraftercc]

Nice video and ingenious sponsorship segment haha

[@calliioa]

i cant believe this is how i found out fasterthanlime is french ...through an explanatory video on the internet

[@fasterthanlime]

only half! other half is Swiss.

[@LDVSoft]

The funny part if your Wireshark also shows IPv6 neighbour discovery and configuration)

[@fasterthanlime]

And?

[@dirtyduck6987]

Pls upload the whole version of that dominique. It's great

[@mbiernacki9]

What version of Dominique is this, can't find it :D

[@gungun974]

Ok j’ai compris. Je doit passer ma maison en IPV6. Merci pour cette très bonne vidéo.

[@lumotroph]

I love the song at the end

[@jorgeosorio1613]

great video

[@jan_harald]

oh and don't forget usa military and a few major companies own like half of ipv4 address space...

[@fasterthanlime]

True, but even freeing those up won't really solve the problem in the long run, I'm afraid.

[@el_quba]

Can we just all agree on a deadline for IPv4 sunset? Or can just some powerful players start charging extraorbitant prices for IPv4 support and for ISPs to implement IPv6?

[@MrFrozenTux]

Watched this after waking up and now feel like I’m on my third coffee

[@tutacat]

Actually, loopback addresses don't lesve the machine. It's a virtual interface.

[@fasterthanlime]

Yeah? That's what I said?

[@kipchickensout]

Das war mal wieder ein sehr nettes Video

[@bjarnehansen1101]

Great Video!! At 20:00 you mention a MAC-Adress to geolocation DB - what do you mean with that? I dont understand how that kind of Database would have any amount of usable data

[@fasterthanlime]

So I was thinking of location.services.mozilla.com/downloads but upon closer inspection I see neither SSID nor MAC in there. Here's BSSID/SSID: github.com/GONZOsint/geowifi And I'm fairly confident other vendors track MAC, because it's uniquely tied to a device unless you spoof it: www.theregister.com/2011/04/22/google_android_privacy_concerns/

[@bjarnehansen1101]

@@fasterthanlime Oh wow i would not have thought of someone actually gathering all the necessary data for that.. but of course its google again... Thanks for the info!