Alpha Thalassemia: Causes, Symptoms, diagnosis and Treatment

Welcome to my KZbin Channel Power of knowledge academy. In this video you will learn about a type of Thalassemia called Alpha thalassemia in Detail.
What is alpha thalassemia?
Thalassemia is a blood disorder that is inherited. This means it is passed down from one or both parents through their genes. When you have thalassemia, your body makes less hemoglobin than normal. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in red blood cells. It carries oxygen to all parts of the body.
There are 2 main types of thalassemia: alpha and beta. Different genes are affected for each type.
Thalassemia can cause mild or severe anemia. Anemia occurs when your body does not have enough red blood cells or hemoglobin. The severity and type of anemia depends on how many genes are affected.
What causes alpha thalassemia?
Alpha thalassemia occurs when some or all of the 4 genes that make hemoglobin (the alpha-globin genes) are missing or damaged.
There are 4 types of alpha thalassemia:
Alpha thalassemia silent carrier. One gene is missing or damaged, and the other 3 are normal. Blood tests are usually normal. Your red blood cells may be smaller than normal. Being a silent carrier means you don’t have signs of the disease, but you can pass the damaged gene on to your child. This is confirmed by DNA tests.
Alpha thalassemia carrier. Two genes are missing. You may have mild anemia.
Hemoglobin H disease. Three genes are missing. This leaves just 1 working gene. You may have moderate to severe anemia. Symptoms can worsen with fever. They can also get worse if you are exposed to certain medicines, chemicals, or infectious agents. Blood transfusions are often needed. You have a greater risk of having a child with alpha thalassemia major.
Alpha thalassemia major. All 4 genes are missing. This causes severe anemia. In most cases, a baby with this condition will die before birth.
What are the symptoms of alpha thalassemia?
Different people will have different symptoms, based on which type of alpha thalassemia is inherited. Common symptoms for each type may include:
Silent alpha thalassemia carrier. This type has no symptoms.
Alpha thalassemia carrier. You may have mild anemia. You may have no symptoms. Or you may have mild symptoms such as mild fatigue or exercise intolerance.
Hemoglobin H disease. This type causes moderate to severe symptoms. These include lack of energy (fatigue) and exercise intolerance. You may also have an enlarged liver or spleen, yellowish skin, and leg ulcers. You have a greater risk of having a child with the most severe type, alpha thalassemia major.
Alpha thalassemia major. Babies with this type usually die before they are born.
Diagnosis of Alpha Thalassemia
Blood test checking for hemoglobin level and RBC count.
Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
MCV test
Treatment of thalassemia
Thalassemia is treated by blood transfusion,
Iron chelation therapy
and bone marrow transplant
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#BloodDisorder
#Hemoglobinopathy
#Anemia
#BloodCondition
#ThalassemiaMajor
#ThalassemiaMinor
#AlphaGeneMutation

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