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Henry Roeland "Roy" Byrd (December 19, 1918 - January 30, 1980), better known as Professor Longhair or "Fess" for short, was an American singer and pianist who performed New Orleans blues. He was active in two distinct periods, first in the heyday of early rhythm and blues and later in the resurgence of interest in traditional jazz after the founding of the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 1970. His piano style has been described as "instantly recognizable, combining rumba, mambo, and calypso".
Music journalist Tony Russell (in his book The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray) wrote that "The vivacious rhumba-rhythmed piano blues and choked singing typical of Fess were too weird to sell millions of records; he had to be content with siring musical offspring who were simple enough to manage that, like Fats Domino or Huey "Piano" Smith. But he is also acknowledged as a father figure by subtler players like Allen Toussaint and Dr. John."
Byrd was born on December 19, 1918, in Bogalusa, Louisiana.[2] His distinctive style of piano playing was influenced by learning to play on an instrument that was missing some keys. He left the city as a baby with his parents, who were most likely fleeing the racial tension surrounding the Bogalusa Massacre.
He began his career in New Orleans in 1948. Mike Tessitore, owner of the Caldonia Club, gave Longhair his stage name. Longhair first recorded in a band called the Shuffling Hungarians in 1949, creating four songs (including the first version of his signature song, "Mardi Gras in New Orleans") for the Star Talent record label. Union problems curtailed their release, but Longhair's next effort for Mercury Records the same year was a winner. Throughout the 1950s, he recorded for Atlantic Records, Federal Records and local labels.
Professor Longhair had only one national commercial hit, "Bald Head", in 1950, under the name Roy Byrd and His Blues Jumpers. He also recorded his favorites, "Tipitina" and "Go to the Mardi Gras". He lacked crossover appeal among white and wide audiences. Yet, he is regarded (and was acknowledged) as being a musician who was highly influential for other prominent musicians, such as Fats Domino, Allen Toussaint and Dr. John.
After suffering a stroke, Professor Longhair recorded "No Buts - No Maybes" in 1957. He re-recorded "Go to the Mardi Gras" in 1959. He first recorded "Big Chief" with its composer, Earl King, in 1964. In the 1960s, Professor Longhair's career faltered. He became a janitor to support himself and fell into a gambling habit.
After a few years during which he disappeared from the music scene, Professor Longhair's musical career finally received "a well deserved renaissance" and wide recognition. He was invited to perform at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival in 1971 and at the Newport Jazz Festival and the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1973. His album The London Concert showcases work he did on a visit to the United Kingdom. That significant career resurrection saw the recording of the album "Professor Longhair - Live On The Queen Mary", which was recorded on March 24, 1975, during a private party hosted by Paul McCartney and Linda McCartney on board the retired RMS Queen Mary.
Professor Longhair, eigentlich Henry Roeland Byrd (* 19. Dezember 1918 in Bogalusa, Louisiana; † 30. Januar 1980 in New Orleans, Louisiana), war ein US-amerikanischer Musiker, der als Sänger, Komponist und Pianist dem Rhythm and Blues New Orleans' besonders in dessen früher Phase Impulse gab und darüber hinaus einige Klassiker des Mardi Gras verfasste, die bis zum heutigen Tage zum Standardprogramm des dortigen Karnevals gehören. Er prägte Rock ’n’ Roll, Soul, Funk und Ska, indem er jüngere Musiker aus New Orleans wie z. B. Fats Domino, Huey „Piano“ Smith, Allen Toussaint, The Meters und die jamaikanischen Gründerväter der dortigen Schallplattenindustrie Duke Reid und Coxsone Dodd beeinflusste. Nach seiner Wiederentdeckung inspirierte Professor Longhair Musiker wie Dr. John oder die Neville Brothers; Paul McCartney gehört zu seinen erklärten Bewunderern.
Seit seinem zweiten Lebensjahr lebte der später „Professor Longhair“ oder „Fess“ genannte Musiker in New Orleans. Seine Mutter Ella Mae Byrd spielte selbst in Jazz-Bands das Piano und förderte schon früh das musikalische Talent ihres Sohnes. Geld verdiente sich Henry als Jugendlicher mit Straßen-Stepptanz sowie mit einem Werbesong für Schlangenöl-Medizin. Sein erstes Klavier fand er angeblich im Sperrmüll, diverse Tasten fehlten, was Henry nicht vom Spielen abhielt. Später arbeitete er als Koch, kurzzeitig auch als Boxer, und immer wieder betätigte er sich als Kartenspieler. Um 1937 fand er als Pianist und Gitarrist erstmals ein größeres Publikum: er spielte vor Kollegen, die mit ihm in Arbeitsbeschaffungsprogrammen der Regierung Roosevelt arbeiteten. Beeinflusst war sein Spiel damals auch vom Boogie-Woogie des kreolischen New Orleans-Musikers Tuts Washington (1907-1984).