Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is one thing that benzene does. The mechanisms are getting trickier, no? Don't worry, practice makes perfect. From halogenation to Friedel-Crafts alkylation, this is a handy family of reactions.
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[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

my pleasure!

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@@seasq Oh sorry, I didn't mean to make you go digging for your transcript! Either way, I think it's still cool that you ended up with a B 👍

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[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+Karina Lopez i will add it to the list!

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Sir please explain generation of electrophile in nitrosyl chloride Why cl- forms while N is more electronegative

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[@madboycal7859]

Hello, Professor dave, great video! When the Br2 adds to the Ferric bromide, having the benzene attack the electrophilic bromine instead of the terminal would still be correct, right? We'd generate a bromide ion because the electrons would go to the nucleophilic bromine and the electrons donated to the ferric bromide would be given back to the electrophilic bromine.

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[@divyavreddy4783]

In nitration of benzene why does an electrophile attaches to the meta position rather than Ortho and para

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[@nasilelenasilele733]

what about the middle resonance structure , how does it form the product

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Do you know what can break a Benzoapyrene Aromatic ring?

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[@divyavreddy4783]

Sir do a video on nitration of benzene and there resonance structure

[@truthhurts986]

Thank you very much. I love the way you explain. But I have a question, Why would FeBr3 and Br2 interact in the first place to begin with? Because by doing that they are creating unfavorable formal charges. Metals dont like to be negative and Nonmetals don't like to be positive. Fe is accepting e- and becoming negative and then its not liking it. Why would I put something in my mouth knowing I would not like it and then throw up? Lewis acid concept sounds like BS in this scenario.

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

It's a good question! But remember that reactions don't have to be especially favorable to occur. That is to say that endothermic reactions will proceed, as long as a collision occurs with sufficient kinetic energy to overcome the activation barrier for that reaction. As for the analogy with the food, it doesn't hold, because you are sentient and molecules are not.

[@NewWesternFront]

and also the Br-Br bond is considerably weak, given the relatively large size of the atoms and the fragile, distant bond radius

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It would be great if you even added a video on Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution...

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

I will try to include that in the next round of updates!

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[@ahmedsserunkuma1170]

thanks proffessor iwant to inquire about how the positive charge on the bromine dis appears

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

it's neutralized when it gets the electrons from the Br-Br bond

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[@bhavyayadav8498]

hey......sir felt great doing organic on my own all thanks to u. Can u explain why WOLF KISHNER REDUCTION more preferred over CLEMMENSON REDUCTION for ketones?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+Bhavya Yadav wolf kishner is under basic conditions using hydrazine, clemmenson is acidic conditions, so if the substrate is base-labile you want clemmenson, if it's acid labile you want wolf kishner, depends on the substrate in question.

[@harishd37]

Also, another doubt.. If the formation of the co-ordinate bond between bromine and FeBr3 creates a formal charge that is energitically unstable. Then how come it does even happen??

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

endothermic reactions happen all the time, it's just a matter of a collision occurring with sufficient kinetic energy so as to surpass the activation energy for the reaction.

[@payaljoshi274]

sir do you explain me adsorption complex???

[@zikoszikoglou2347]

What if we are presented with the reaction: Ar-E + H-A --> ? What is the product?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Hmm, I suppose it depends on the acid and the electrophile. Some acids might be strong enough to add to benzene, I suppose. But the group on the ring might react with the acid too, especially if it is a hydroxyl, amine, or carbonyl.

[@ibrhmmcht3907]

Are there any describtion of A? (Like E is Electrophilic)

[@ibrhmmcht3907]

1:39 it doesnt matter

[@NewWesternFront]

he probably chose A for acid(Lewis)

[@mattflores8911]

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[@Thaumius]

Hey Dave, can AlBr3, BBr3 also work as catalysts if they are lewis acids?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

hmm yes i believe i've seen AlBr3 being used, i think BF3 as well, i think those are pretty common!

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[@chetansmart3730]

now i am cleared....at 3:40 thts the only doubt i had

[@harishd37]

Hey at about 7:45 .. You said benzene reacts with the bromine atom to the left as the bromine atom on the left gives electrons to the Br+ on the right. So wouldn't this bromine atom( the left one) become Br+ ?? coz one electron of the left bromine also goes to the right one? So in this reaction does Br+ react with benzene???!! and if it does.. how come bromonium ions react? And isn't it actually energitically unfavourable to rip apart an electron from Bromine (or chlorine) to convert it into Bromonium(or Chloronium) ion?? This is confusing me.. Pls explain in detail Thanks!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

a pi bond from benzene coordinates to the bromine atom so it remains neutral!

[@nicolamneck3507]

sry I didnt know how to comment correctly..... nice video :) but I didnt get where the H-proton in step 3 was coming from ?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

there's only two steps! you mean the second step, elimination? that proton is on the substrate, remember that in benzene every carbon has one hydrogen.

[@rubyazehra6864]

What is this positive charge for in Arenium ion? I'm not getting this

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

if the pi bond acts as a nucleophile then one of the carbons in benzene loses an electron domain

[@rubyazehra6864]

Ohk.. carbon loses an electron domain so that bromine can be attached to the carbon right?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Yep!

[@rubyazehra6864]

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Testing

[@ricepop7469]

Pi bonds interact w electrophile

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Comparable to sn2

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First step til the ion is formed is the same as addition. Addition is reverse of sn2

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why does Benzene Give electrophilic Substitution if its Unsaturated 😏

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

doesn't have to do with saturation! it's because it's aromatic, so it tends to do reactions that allow for retention of aromaticity.

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