Resonance Structures/Assigning Formal Charge

Resonance is pretty weird. Let Professor Dave explain it to you. He will discuss the resonance structures for the carbonate and nitrate ions, and also provide the simplest possible explanation for how assign formal charges to atoms within a molecule.
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real talk

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You should support him on patreon if you can.

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I know it's been awhile, but I was just curious; how did college go?

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You are a really good teacher ! I switched over "completely" to your videos after I seen the comments you posted on the mistakes made by Kahn academy. Anyway, when I was 16, I won first place on a questionnaire contest about chemistry, spec. the periodic table. Over the years after the military, and going from job to job, and then kids, found myself a 47 year old, still a fan of science, physics, biology, astronomy, and especially Chemistry. Wanted to refresh my knowledge of what I knew 30 years ago and learn even more than ever before. Your videos are informative and refreshing. You speak clearly, and get right to the point. Will donate to you in a month or so, after I get out of this slump ! Thanks again Dave ...

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that's a heck of a success story for the passion of learning! many rounds of applause. thanks for watching! haha maybe i should leave a bunch more comments on the khan content, i didn't know it was getting me viewers!

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Professor Dave Explains well it needed to be done ! One assumes that a course being taught is by the right person ! I MYSELF caught mistakes, but I'm sure he left a Hydrogen out. Also, I always thought Carbon was a stickler for the octet rule. That guy had a moment or short period of Carbon having a fifth Bond, I thought it couldn't, not even for a split second ... thanks again, See ya !

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This was so incredibly helpful! Professors forget the very basics sometimes and this made more complicated ideas much more manageable.

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I've commented the following comment about 5 times in other Prof. Dave comment sections. The quality of your content is so dang high that I believe you've earned a PhD. I'm calling it now: in the near future, I think a university will reward you for your hard work. You 100% deserve it. In the meantime, I hope this channel earns you wealth & happiness. Thanks for making this, the educating of others, your life.

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Seriously, the most HELPFUL and easy-to-understand person out there. I grasped the concept within 4 minutes of watching your video. Something my Chem professor couldn't properly teach and help me understand within an hour and a half. THANK YOU!

[@vincegoogle9102]

This guy is the man. 10/10

[@Jatodd93]

I like this way of finding formal charges WAY more than the arithmetic method. Thanks!

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theres always someone trying to make it more complicated than it has to be xD... OR someone smarter who boils it down to its essence through understanding ;)

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So thank you...

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Sahil Singh whats the name of your school and where are you from?

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Life saver. Please keep being awesome. I think you're gonna be able to help me survive organic chemistry. Subcribed!

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I got full marks in Organic Chemistry in Class 10 thanks to Professor Dave's Organic Chemistry playist .

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@@ritsuafk How have your studies been going since then?

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I know it's been a long long time, but I came across your comment and was curious. Did you indeed survive ochem?

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Precise and concise . Good work dave

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I finally understand this. THANK YOU DAVE!

[@sheetalshyamsukha9732]

sir plzx upload more videos on benzene reactions n other organic reactions n ty soo much for all these videos ..they r very helpful

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What an excellent explanation! It is tremendously satisfactory to be enlightened about such a confuse and a usually incorrectly presented topic.

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u are way better than my university organic chemistry instructor.

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I know it's been a long long time, but how did the rest of your ochem class(es) go?

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thank you chemistry jeasus, your apprentice youtube led me to my needful video finally

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Thank you so much for your helpful videos!

[@shivamchakraborty9573]

Still Legendary!! Helped me understand a topic I have been struggling with for so long.

[@jordanscote]

So well explained, thanks Dave!

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wish I knew about your classes earlier..anyway glad I found this now😀

[@ascoopofscoup]

I wish i had found your channel when I was preparing for NEET. I'm a fy B Pharmacy student now and i have a lot of these concepts in Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry. Thank you, professor for helping me understand these concepts easily! Your way of teaching is really good, I have my POC exam in 3 days, your channel is helping me a lot. TYSM. ✨️✨️✨️✨️✨️

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Thank you very much for your sincere efforts.

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Professor dave you are really great but can you do a series of acids bases and the factors effecting them like inductive, steric effect etc etc. It will be a huge favour thank you.

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U teach good with very less time feeling so interested to listen ur lectures keep going

[@everythingeverything6792]

thank you sir through this video I got these concepts cleared in my mind : -formal charge -appropriate Lewis dot structure - and definitely resonance hybrid and canonical structure thanks a lot!

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How have your studies been going?

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Dave, my friend, you are my hero. Thank you !

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Finally understanding this! Thanks so much :)

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Thank you so much professor...this helped a lot.

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you just explained this so fast and so easily!!! phewks, I can now do my O.chem exam, thanks!

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I know it's been awhile, but how did your exam go?

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Very very useful to me.thank you sir .from India 🇮🇳

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I have a CLEP test today. Thank you so much!

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Even does the 'hang-loose' sign for the cooler members of his class at 38 sec and 50 sec... well done relating to your class.

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Your point at #11:03 really cleared things up. THANKS! told about these videos to my classmates and they like it!

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Your biochemistry videos are excellent really!

[@PunmasterSTP]

I know it's been a long long time, but how did your classes go?

[@ICSECHEMISTRY999]

Very nicely explained Sir🙏

[@hadrian2801]

in the video C2H4 shown on the left has lines which represent bonds, since carbon is at the ends of lines the bonds shown would not be carbon-hydrogen but instead carbon-carbon.

[@nilsnickname4455]

Oh, you are very right. I found an other mistake which I will tell him separately. The resonance structure with the positive charge on the carbon isn't the more important. The resonance structure with the positive charge on the oxygen atom is the more important, because when carbon bears a positive charge, it hasn't got a filled octet. And it is more important to have a full octet than to have a positive charge on the less electronegative atom.

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this is your best video so far

[@PunmasterSTP]

Assigning formal charge? More like "The educational quality of these videos is large!" Thanks again so much for making so many great videos on such a wide array of topics.

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Thank you!!! This was soooo helpful!!!

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Thanks alot Your explain is so useful Keep going 🔥

[@prschuster]

I tried to understand this with another video, and I got confused. This was perfect. I'll come back for more chemistry.

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The professors at the university where I studied could've learned a thing or two from this professor.

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He teaches the short topic better than many college professors.

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Im from Germany and These explanations are mostly better and easier to understand than explanations in German

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Sooo helpful!! Thanks so much!

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What a beautiful man.

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I literally cannot focus lol been "watching" for 5 minutes and actually didn't listen a single word lmao

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Thank you Dave! I found this helpful

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Thank you very much for nice explanation

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@@keatodiet Yeah, not everyone gets back to me. But I have heard from a few people after more than a decade!

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@@PunmasterSTP well then traveller, how did YOUR ochem journey go?

[@PunmasterSTP]

​@@keatodiet There was a lot to remember, but I'd say overall it went okay. I took ochem 1 and 2 as well as the lab in undergrad and I think I got at least B's. Now I work at a community college and mostly tutor students there, and it's been fun to revisit and brush up on some subjects. That's why I find myself coming back to these educational channels regularly.

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so beautifully explained...

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Obrigada!!! Melhor professor de química, ever ever ever

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Sir add some more video on organic nomenclature. some of it may be on aromatic amines , aldehyde or ke tones. and all that you know better, indeed because in our syllabus carbonyl and amines form a major section

[@aapp776]

omg i loved the opening! anyway, great video!

[@gabriels2395]

*Help!* Something doesn't add up with C2O2 shown in 5:49 : If Oxigen has sp2 hybridization and 7 electrons, each of its three SP orbitals would bear a pair of electrons and the P orbital just one (so the pi bond is possible). However, if the 3 SP orbitals have each a pair of electrons the sigma bond would not be possible anymore (because the C wants to share its electron but the SP orbital of the O is already full). How does it work then? Thanks Prof Dave Explains community!

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You deserve it man! 👏🏽🙏🏽 கோடான கோடி நன்றிகள்

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thanks for explaining what my professor didn't

[@angstyB]

studying for a big ap chem test tomorrow... totally forgot what formal charge was. god bless.

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thank you so much prof Dave

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u are really saving me in my first year in med school

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Beautiful lecture

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Thank you very much DAVE !!!!!!!

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Thank U Prof ! Stay blessed .

[@yeojunjeon5116]

Professor, how would we represent the more "skewed" composite structures on diagrams? Do we just draw the more likely structure?

[@mariaisabelbautistahernand3279]

Hi thanks for the excellent explanation ❤️, but I have a doubt; In the nitrate ion what would be the most stable resonant form? Or they are equally stable?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

all equivalent

[@kayliahyland7906]

on the structure with nitrogen at 11:49 where did the electrons from the double bond go because they are not shown on the other structure.

[@philosophyofreality1739]

Dave, do you made a video about sp2 hybridization I can't understand that

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[@elias1376]

Thank you for helping me pull clutch

[@parangataditya8909]

@5:22, Prof. said that the negative charge implies a lone pair. But isn't it just an extra electron (not a pair)? Plz clarify!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

when drawing mechanisms, we sometimes start an arrow from a negative charge, in which case we are depicting the movement of a pair of electrons, but yes in the strictest sense, like on a monoatomic ion, it means one electron beyond its typical valence.

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this is fantastic!

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Can u make a video on localized and delocalized electron It is somehow confusing

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Professor Dave, do you think these two alkene molecules are the same in your video 0-2 min?

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i will gladly accept any monetary gratitudes at my patreon page!!

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TYYYY u r saving my life rn

[@SuperSA1824]

wow this helped me so much thanks dave DABONEM

[@yashpant1533]

Hey Prof. At 7:17 can we write delta -(ve) on both the oxygen atoms in the composite structure ?? And at 8:28 N=+(ve) while Oxygens have delta -(ve) ??

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

+yash pant kind of, you could put a half a charge on each oxygen, but really we just prefer to put a dashed line everywhere there's pi electron density and then just signify the magnitude of the formal charge outside of the brackets.

[@bismaqureshi1111]

sir plz can you explain about hyperconjugation?

[@rbkstudios2923]

What about s-p mixing in NO3-

[@vijayalakshmi-ng8id]

Hey professor Dave , I didn't get you at 5:23 .You told that the negative sign is just a lone pair (2 electrons) , but "-1" means it has one electron more than it's valence electrons, so is it one electron or a pair of electrons?

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

It's both kind of! Oxygen has six valence electrons, so when it shows seven, from one covalent bond and three lone pairs, it has a negative charge. Then we sometimes draw arrows from a negative charge to indicate the activity of a lone pair. So the negative charge results in an extra lone pair.

[@vijayalakshmi-ng8id]

Professor Dave Explains Thank you so much Professor Dave! Thanks for replying so quick ! You are the best!

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You are the best prof mahn

[@gracesgiftofpeace]

when you explained how to determine if an atom would bear a formal charge, you said that you use the lewis dot structure and compare/contrast that to the typical valence electron number for that element. with that in mind, how come the oxygen atom that you demonstrated couldn't have also been deciphered as having a positive charge of 1? are we never to assume that it could have less than the typical valence unless the math makes that clear as in the case of the Nitrogen?

[@gracesgiftofpeace]

nm. went back and watched lewis dot structure tutorial you posted and it answered my question i think

[@makaylaguenther7725]

thank you for these videos

[@sourabhdeshpande2112]

Sir how to determine stability of resonance structure

[@JayTee11]

Thank you so much.

[@Mitsovitch]

@3.00 Why does the first Oxygen w/ the double bond get 2 lone pairs but the one w/ the single bond get 3? Must e- exist always in either bonds or pairs? Thanks a ton!

[@ProfessorDaveExplains]

Usually, unpaired electrons exist in radicals, those show up later in the playlist.

[@Mitsovitch]

@@ProfessorDaveExplains Thanks for the fast reply, I appreciate it professor Dave!

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I GET IT, yesss! Thank youuu so much #lifesaver