What are Resistance Reactance Impedance

[@X19-x5f]

I’m 60 years old and I have seen hundreds of videos on electronics. This is, undoubtedly, the best explanation I have ever seen. Subbed.

[@Profmad]

Glad to help

[@christurner2851]

Yes- excellent explanation- much appreciated!

[@markusavrilius5316]

I totaly agree with you 👍🏻

[@anakin_piewalker1458]

Fix. Your name boomer

[@deang5622]

​@@anakin_piewalker1458Don't be so insulting Gen Z.

[@levoleynik4899]

As Noah's 4,234 year old son, I have never seen an example as clear as this! Struggled understanding the concept before, now I can go and build the second tower of Babel without any difficulties. Subscribed!

[@belo2902]

In my 4 years of studying elecrical engineering, never seen such a excellent example like this

[@Jesus420.69]

I'm at 2nd year and this just slaps.

[@vikingwind25]

I am 72 years old, hold a 2 year degree in electronics and was a product manager for 28 years for RF and DC calibration products sold directly to NIST. I wish your videos were around when I was a young student. Learning would have been much easier. Great presentation! Thanks!

[@WoobyMe]

Im an ancient 493 year old man, and this is by far the great explanation i have ever seen across the centuries I have roamed this earth. Liked, subscribed, and rang the bell.

[@jacobgriswold7215]

This is my kind of humor 💀

[@Scrub_Lord-en7cq]

@@jacobgriswold7215autistic humor

[@AustinAdams]

There are sooo many of these, finally someone made a joke about it! 🤣

[@johnreymaliao3352]

Ur enough to evolved from monkey humanoid...😅

[@Omni-Qadhaya]

Being an electrical undergrad, I appreciate your analogy of inductor and capacitor. The whole duration of this video never had an breaking point of the understanding.

[@AFatWhiteShark]

For someone that genuinely never understood electrical engineering as a whole -honestly not even 1% of it- ...Thought it was above my capabilities. Thank you, for sure a new sub!

[@Profmad]

Wow, thank you!

[@alanturner1184]

As a newbie to electronics as a hobby I am gaining so much knowledge and understanding on various topics I have watched. Thank you

[@joelonderee2872]

Excellent. All stuff I knew 50+ years ago as an engineering student, but forgot. Great re-education for me.I cannot wait to see more of your videos. The diaphragm and water wheel did the trick to making it understandable.

[@Profmad]

You are welcome. Keep in touch.

[@B00BS.]

By far the best video on this topic, period. Brilliant explanation, brilliant analogy, brilliant animation. The world needs more people like you. Hats off to you and your team for working this hard!

[@rmcp5118]

Nice explanation. Many moons ago when I was in the Navy electrician school they taught us "ELI the ICE man" to help us remember. Voltage leads current in an inductive circuit = ELI and current leads voltage in a capacitive = ICE. Of all the things I did forget that was one of the things which stuck.

[@toddb930]

Same with me. Except I was Air Force. One other thing I learned in my Air Force electronics training was that current flowed from negative to posiitive. After the AF I went to college to get an EE degree. There they taught current flow from positive to negative.

[@rajkumarburada3799]

Another way is to remember - CIVIL- Capacitor - I current leads Voltage, Inductor (L) , current lags Voltage.

[@paules0099]

This brought me back to my electronic engineering class! We were taught using the same analogy way back in 1980!

[@Sanjay-eb6fe]

If a picture can speak a thousand words, a video speaks a trillion. And this video in particular proves that these statements are true. Thanks 👍

[@freddievargas9315]

This is probably the most straight forward, concise and precise explanation of the topic. Amazing pedagogical material.

[@theodorecalvin4214]

45 years later, and I finally grok capacitors (in signal circuits, specifically). You did that. Thank you.

[@Profmad]

Thank you.

[@mar-tin702]

What is grok

[@BA-pg4od]

to understand profoundly and intuitively@@mar-tin702

[@John.Doe.2025]

@@mar-tin702 Old farter's language. *grok* - _verb groks, grokking, grokked [with obj.]_ understand (something) intuitively or by empathy _■ [no obj.]_ establish a rapport

[@mrbrown6421]

@@10_ashutosh_01 ...and what have you done for mankind, dear friend ?

[@needMoreInput]

Kids are so lucky with the amount of resources available to them. I am jelly, wish I had this stuff in my schooling.

[@depresty]

I'm fifth year electromechanical engineering student and this is the first time i see such a beautiful example to understand how impedance works. Thank you sir .

[@TheMoeP]

Been working in electronics for 3 years now and I like watching these videos whenever I have those brain freezes and I need a refresher 🤣

[@melbournecoarseanglers]

I wish my old electrical lecturer (RIP Charlie) had access to this video in 1976. The best description of impedance I have ever seen. Thanks and keep up the good work.

[@rachidlamzougui1683]

Resistance,impedance and reactance (R, Z and X) are all measured in the unit of Ohm. Thanks a lot for this video

[@wenhaoyan1003]

I'm new to electronics, and some of the concepts are so hard to grasp. This is by far the best video I've seen, everything is SUPER easy to understand and extremely inspiring!

[@SandeepSingh-km1fs]

wow....in a very simple way ..u cleared all d complications regarding... electric parameters

[@dkrishna2313]

Excellent description of the topics with easy to understand explanations accompanied by clear diagrams.

[@francospagnolo1385]

Very clear exposition, among so many contents useless to the dissemination of knowledge, here is something really well explained. Thank you very much

[@ahmershaikh666]

So far it's the best visual explanation of concept I've seen.

[@audionmusic2787]

Ideal balance of brevity and completeness. Bravo.

[@sudhirpatil3434]

Man- you made thing's so simple for me to understand! Given the much complex nature of stuff to grasp - your animations really are worthwhile n efforts r laudable!!! 👍

[@Profmad]

Glad to help!

[@69kamran21]

absolute knowledge and I bet that my teacher woudnt teach me like that, hats off to U Prof Mad

[@kuvaleshy2784]

Excellent Explanation Sir. It is one of the simplest explanation. I never seen such a good explanation

[@RaminRnn]

Great job, if only school and college would explain things this way. I'm gonna stick around.

[@pauldiggs1087]

This video was a refresher for me. I am going to introduce it to my HVAC/R class. Thanks professorM

[@Profmad]

Thank you soo much.

[@PrinceKumar-hh6yn]

Your lectures have the ability to make anyone understand engineering

[@kevinmclaren5517]

Thank you, thank you, thank you!! I needed this comparative visual so much. I was completely hung up on capacitive reactance until I watch the section on the elastic membrane. That's exactly what I needed to see to fit the pieces together in my head. Thank you so much

[@Profmad]

I'm so glad!

[@siriusleto3758]

Best explanation I've seen in my life.

[@rofikulislam1751]

undoubtedly it is the best video on electronics that I have seen

[@solankishailesh6424]

Prof MAD You Are The Boss Of All Explainers In Universe ❤

[@John-wx9oy]

In Navy electronics school, we learned about ELI the ICE man: voltage (E), in an inductive circuit (L), leads current (I) current (I), in a capacitive circuit (C), leads voltage (E)

[@phantomcruizer]

Yep, "BEEp" school 👌

[@otv88]

VERY well done. Never understood this stuff until now. Excellent visuals and explanation. Thank you very much.

[@Profmad]

Glad it was helpful!

[@puddleduck1405]

thanks so much! Im a first year engineering student and this helped me a lot, God bless!!

[@hwtans2717]

The elastic membrane analogy for a capacitor in an electrical circuit is genius. In most circuits it is hard to visualize that no current is actually flowing thru the cap, but there is still an energy exchange.

[@TrionityIr]

This is the best analogy I've seen for inductance and capacitance.

[@Profmad]

Thank you.

[@mikejones-vd3fg]

I agree, was waiting to see how voltage/current lag would be shown with water, and the water wheel was perfect. There you can see without words how it works. Which has me thinking maybe the best explanations are ones that just boild everything down to untiuve bits, idealy without words, after all everything we're talking about is phsyical and we should be able to show what we're talking about with some sort of analogous action. I would love to see more mathematical relationships shown with action. I guess graphs are the closest thing but they're not intutive either, having to process mentally whats going on with a curve. Like a sine wave is circular motion through time but the graph doesnt make that obivouse. But say something like a gradient, you can see right away which parts are heavily concentrated which ones arent, its obviouse, a 2d graph you need to use a legend to figure out which was is up even.

[@paules0099]

The best way I remembered reactance from inductors and capacitance is ELI the ICE man. E for voltage, L for inductor, I for current, meaning voltage leads current in an inductance and I for current, C for capacitor, E for voltage, meaning Current leads voltage in a capacitor.

[@LemlemEnjerawerk]

I have never seen as clear as this explanation.thank you bro.

[@sundararajanpt7158]

Explanation and depth of the subject is excellent.

[@VndNvwYvvSvv]

Resistance is the zeroth order reaction. Reactance is the first order derivative, in which an inductor opposes change in current with instantaneous change in voltage, and the capacitor resists change in voltage with instantaneous change in current. In brief, resistance is response to a constant. Reactance is a response change. Combining both reactive effects plus resistance, the sum is called impedance.

[@13DKA-kg2fz]

...and you even managed to write "impedance" correctly!

[@_dheerajgupta]

Loved the analogy with water flow. This video cleared alot of doubts i had. Thanks a lot👍

[@swirldude3636]

this is the clearest video I've ever seen

[@isaacmarinobavaresco7397]

This video is certainly the best I have ever seen on this subject. I too devised this capacitor model of a membrane in a chamber many years ago and never seen anybody else using it before. I think that the only point you could improve is explaining that the paradoxical behavior of the current (or water) flowing ahead of the voltage (or pressure) being applied is due to the voltage stored inside the capacitor (or the elastic force of the stretched membrane). Of course that that does not work for the very first cycle.

[@Robby-Rob-Robertson-III]

This was wonderful, thank you - best use of water analogies I've seen yet!

[@እምዬኢትዮጵያንቂ-የ7ጐ]

Amazing explanation indeed ! I have always been wondering what creates the lag and the lead. Now my questions are answered . Thank you!

[@Robert-zl4yi]

I'm a ghost from 1845, never in my 178 years of being dead have i seen a better explanation than this, thank you so much.

[@kingmolex8524]

Damn you deserve the whole world.

[@jeffhein7275]

Tuvok narrating basic EE concepts is awesome 😉

[@lg2058]

OMG this channel needs way many more subscribers

[@bsb770]

Wow this is by far most the best I have seen so far. Sending to my kid 👦 right now!!

[@MrMiladmk]

The best explanation ever by using mechanical concepts. Great job!

[@gmrn3014s]

This is genuinely helpful for me in learning electronics, salute to you for giving us these great illustrations

[@ic_0129]

This is perfect! I needed a refresher and you just summarized the last three chapters of my first semester so well. Saved me several hours :D

[@jonathanmartins7744]

Best explanation about impedance that I ever saw! Thank you!

[@Profmad]

You're very welcome!

[@bullohsemak8959]

As engineer to truly understand some things we must concluded it or verses it all it types. Sir u concluded this topic so well. U must be are professor.

[@michaelhawthorne8696]

Great explanations. I thought I had a question about the water wheel at 6:50 but after reviewing, seems sound. The way I remember which does what with regards to current lagging or leading in Capacitive or Inductive reactance is: If you have a circuit fed with a Resistor to a Capacitor to ground, the current in the Capacitor will initially be high as the voltage increases (It will initially be discharged and look like a short)....the current leads the voltage (Current being higher first) If you have a circuit fed with a resistor to an Inductor to ground, the current in the Inductor will be low as it initially resists current flow but the voltage will be high, later, the current increases so the current lags the voltage. (Current being Low first) Capacitance: Current Leads Inductance: Current Lags Hope this helps 😊 Hope I'm right...😏😂

[@davidsymalla4785]

Best AC Analogy to date my brother! This is going to help a lot of people understand impedances! 😲😲😲😲😲😲😲😲

[@Profmad]

Thank you.

[@Larziskingful]

why do you need an AC anlogy to date your brother?

[@puddleduck1405]

💀@@Larziskingful

[@hexbinoban6170]

Very well explained using insightful animations/illustrations. 🦉

[@Profmad]

Thank you so much 😀

[@RahulPrajapati-jw8iu]

This video is by far the best video I have ever seen

[@jamesholbrook3648]

As a 1st year ham radio operator I wish my study materials had explained these terms as well as you did. Now it all makes sense.

[@francishubertovasquez2139]

When the current doesn't follow the voltage fluctuation probably there's anti current in their merge. Tickle. Thanks for the how they work lecture.

[@NimeshKavinda139]

The best explanation I've ever seen. Thank you.

[@DashkaMilashka015]

seriously, the best explanation of impedance. thank you so much

[@metincansever9810]

Best explanation I've seen so far. Thank you.

[@erin19030]

Resistance, Reactance , impedance ESR, V-loss and leakage. So many ways to test a Cap.

[@jasonbourne1981]

Best video on the topic hands down thanks

[@kalli71]

nicely put together, well done! I only recently learned the differences, but this is an excellent: what-is-what explanation. thank you

[@Profmad]

Awesome, thank you!

[@rameshnkdv6757]

Excellent explanation sir

[@thetechsavvyges]

Best analogy so far

[@MitulShah2201]

Best video found ever for this explanation.thank you so much❤

[@Mohammadsohrab205]

Excellent excellent excellent just amazing and great way to make us understand I have seen several videos but no one made us understand like this thank you so much 🎉 Love from India

[@sriramireddygangireddy8597]

Very good animation and explanation. This video helps students to understand these concepts easily. Well done.

[@walterbrown8694]

Should also cover Admittance, Conductance, and Susceptance - Helpful in parallel circuit analysis.

[@owenbowsher7595]

please!

[@Noconstitutionfordemocrats1]

And reluctance, astonishments, and perplexems.

[@NinaadDas]

The water analogy is genius. I never pictured it that way.

[@arunprashanna7494]

The best explanation for the difference between resistane, reactance and impedance I have ever seen. Thanks for the video 😃

[@xacteducation8036]

Best circuit graphics I have ever seen!

[@NaturesNurtureHub]

Unbelievable, this was simple and plain to understand. Thanks alot

[@dsraju1234]

Excellent explanation, it's so simple and practical that even intelligent kids can understand these concepts 👏👏👏

[@willwill1738]

Super!!🤪👍Ever I encounter so decent, well developed and made content - straight to the point and easy to understand. Prof please keep on!!!

[@thisgeneration2894]

Finally a video I understand bless you brother

[@YvanHarvey]

The best video on Electrical behaviour I ever seen.

[@NightWear21]

excellent video!! been a student of electrical for too long. This is great explanation.

[@jimpowell9205]

Excellent presentation. I already knew this, but have struggled to explain to others! No more……….thanks.

[@Profmad]

You are welcome!

[@florentinosanchez3969]

Thank you so much, I dindnt get it with any other video until I saw this one

[@thenewsydneyguy8662]

Absolutely phenomenal with the explanations. Thank you Prof Mad for this

[@GerbenWijnja]

6:10 it is important to realize that the current in the circuit does not change. If water flows with (for example) 1 litre/minute through the narrow socket, then it also flows at 1 litre/minute in the wider tubes. It just moves faster through the narrow socket. Same in an electrical circuit; if you introduce a resistor, the flow of electrons (the "current") is the same everywhere in the (serial) circuit, including inside the resistor.

[@andreiv3627]

hello, what are you saying is that as long as the Force is the same in both cases, (case 1 pipe having same diameter, case 2 pipe narrows and then comes back at same diameter ) the flow of water would be the same? "Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy. The principle is named after Daniel Bernoulli, a swiss mathemetician, who published it in 1738 in his book Hydrodynamics."

[@dexterlyndonsabusap1192]

I agree. Also, if the voltage is analogous to force, which in water flow is due to pressure, then the introduction of a resistor in a circuit should affect the voltage and not the current.

[@ncooty]

Depends on whether voltage or current is constant.

[@LiveHappy76]

Absolutely top-notch material!! Simple, clear, memorable. Thank you! With content like this, Prof MAD will grow like MAD! Wait for it....

[@Profmad]

Much appreciated!

[@yogaforsuccess]

Thank you for your clear and precise explanation

[@AbuDujana692]

Great job dear....you must have spent considerable time in creating this very good lecture

[@Profmad]

yeah. Thats correct.

[@UnitFerminBDauag]

thank you for the very clear and intelligent explanation that I just watched

[@mohsensali1469]

The water wheel analogy was great

[@nealesmith1873]

Great video! Had not seen the membrane analogy before.

[@NaveenKumar-vj9sc]

Top notch explanation ! Never before Never After. Thank you! 🙏❤

[@hetp5784]

Honestly 1000s of hours in my engineering career have been spent before I watch this video and intuitively understand the physics of electrical systems.

[@arthurfricchione8119]

Your content is extremely valuable to me. Excellent presentations. 👍 Artie

[@eugalshokeen397]

One of the best video I've ever seen.