Prokaryotic Translation (Protein synthesis in bacteria)

Translation is the process by which proteins are synthesized using mRNA as a template. This process is complex and around 200 different proteins take active participation in eukaryotes. The translation in prokaryotes is rather simple. It occurs in the cytoplasm, where ribosomes facilitate the decoding of mRNA into a polypeptide chain. Initiation begins with the small ribosomal subunit binding to the mRNA's Shine-Dalgarno sequence. The initiator tRNA binds to the start codon, followed by the large ribosomal subunit. During elongation, tRNAs deliver amino acids to the ribosome, where peptide bonds form. Translation ends when a stop codon is reached, releasing the newly synthesized protein. This process is rapid and coupled with transcription in prokaryotes.

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