How are Proteins Made? - Transcription and Translation Explained #66

This video covers:
- The two steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
- Transcription is the production of mRNA, which is a copy of a gene
- Translation is the production of a sequence of amino acids (a polypeptide) using that mRNA
Exam board specific info:
AQA - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
IGCSE Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
Edexcel - Separate/triple science and higher tier only
OCR 21st Century - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
OCR Gateway - Separate/triple science and higher tier only - You don't need to know the details, just the overall idea
Maths Playlist:
• GCSE Maths (9-1)
GCSE Chemistry playlist:
• GCSE Chemistry - Atoms...
GCSE Biology Playlist:
• Video
GCSE Physics Playlist:
• Video

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Thankyou Ben, we really appreciate it and we're glad the video helped clarify things for you 😊

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NOTES Protein synthesis: 1. Transcription - taking a single gene of DNA and copying it into a structure called mRNA: - Enzyme (RNA polymerase binds just before the gene starts) - Two strands are separated, all the bases to be exposed - RNA p. moves along the dna strand, reads the bases one by one, make mRNA strand - mRNA bases will always be complementary to DNA bases - Once done RNA p. detaches - Original one is called template strand 2. Translation - taking that mRNA strand and using it to produce a protein: - Triplet codes for a specific amino acid - mRNA strand and a ribosome bind together - Amino acids are brought to the ribosomes by tRNAs - Anti-codon - tRNA detaches leaving amino acids are in correct order forming a protein chain (folded up) 3. : - Gene - a section of dna that has a specific sequence and codes for specific protein - Specific sequence of amino acids be read by ribosomes - DNA is very long so it can’t leave the nucleus, a copy of the specific gene should be made - mRNA (copy of a single gene) - RNA: A-U, C-G

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THANKYOU!!! I have been trying to learn about translation and transcription for weeks and a ten minute video explained it better that all the reserach I made throughout that time!! Loved everything, the visuals the explanation etc.

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