Prosthetic Heart Valves: Visual Explanation for Students

A simple explanation of prosthetic heart valves covering the different types of prosthetic heart valves, comparing bioprosthetic and metallic and going through the heart sounds with examples to understand the "click" in preparation for your exams. We also look at the TAVI procedure and the complications of prosthetic heart valves.
CORRECTION Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery can be done through a right sided mini thoracotomy, not a left sided thoracotomy as the illustration in the video would suggest.
Special thanks to www.thinklabs.com for allowing me to use with permission the heart sounds recorded on a Thinklabs Digital Stethoscope and available at:
www.thinklabs.com/sound-library
The Thinklabs KZbin channel at:
/ @thinklabs1 .
Zero to Finals Medicine book:
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US: www.amazon.com/dp/1091859892
Zero to Finals Paediatrics book:
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US: www.amazon.com/dp/1080142827
Zero to Finals Obstetrics and Gynaecology book:
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US: www.amazon.com/dp/B08K4K2WQB
Website: www.zerotofinals.com
Notes: www.zerotofinals.com/learn
Multiple Choice Questions: www.zerotofinals.com/test
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DISCLAIMER: This video is for education and entertainment only, and is not medical advice. This video should NOT be used for medical advice or to guide clinical practice. The Zero to Finals content should not be used in any way to guide medical decision making. Zero to Finals takes no responsibility for any actions taken or not taken based on the information provided. Local and national guidelines and senior clinicians are there to help you make decisions, not KZbin videos. If you need medical advice or information, seek it from an appropriately trained and licenced doctor or healthcare provider that can address your individual needs. Zero to Finals cannot guarantee the accuracy of information in this video. Please highlight any errors you notice in the comments below - thank you.

[@sidhva]

So beautifully explained and so clearly illustrated!

[@drmadhurireddy9474]

Amazing channel for both doctors and patients! Subscribed to your channel

[@ifyoucandreamityoucandoit5994]

You are amazing, the explanation is smooth and useful, thank you all💗💗

[@kivo1418]

I recently had my aortic valve replaced with a mechanical OnX one after infective endo ruined mine and a vegetion started growing on it. It's obviously not fun living on warfarin for the rest of my life but id rather live with the clicking than go through that again. Love the video, watched it a few times before my surgery to make my mind up.

[@hebah5143]

Thank you :’) I’m watching this as I prepare for my final MBBS exam

[@drpitchforrescue8214]

Thank you for this! I will be using this knowledge in my Regen medical research 👍

[@sterlingronnie9739]

you all probably dont care but does anybody know a method to get back into an instagram account?? I was stupid lost my login password. I appreciate any help you can give me

[@edwardkarnby4776]

Thank you for your benificial effort

[@ZeroToFinals]

No problem. Glad you liked it Edward

[@Ehisunoria]

Beautiful! Thank you

[@ruqaiyah2950]

Well explained.Thank u 🌷

[@ZeroToFinals]

No problem!

[@snehalkumarpatil8264]

Simply great sir...keep it up

[@flashrobbie]

Vasculitis damaged my heart valve, kidneys and also was effecting my lungs - very grateful to get a replacement in my medical adventures.

[@user-lt6bj2bh1s]

Do you have a Takayasu ? How damaged are your kidneys? What percentage of renal artery narrowing was there?

[@patricknichols7441]

This is great. I have had a St. Jude for a little over a year now. I had a dissected AAA that tore up my aortic valve (at 32 years old and in very good shape, I might add). I've had to search and search for basic information on mechanical valves. I've just been curious about this thing I hear clicking 24/7. I find it fascinating that we can do this! One thing to add, the thing feels like I have a diesel engine in my chest. The kick is unreal. I've gotten more used to it now, but at the beginning it was crazy.

[@user-lt6bj2bh1s]

You go thrw betall surgery?

[@Haru-nee]

Omg the click after the surgery was AWFUL. They also had me hooked to something that delivers shocks (I think) to correct irregular heartbeat. So when people would talk loudly, my heartbeats would go up and then I'd get a jolt down there. I had a bioprosthetic and moved to a mechanical one. Are you active? I can't figure out if my weakness and issues are from the second MVR or vasculitis. I was pretty active after the first one.

[@t3eemskitchen]

Thank you

[@driewsidd]

Wish I watched this before I chose my aortic valve...

[@ED-sb2rs]

What valve type did you choose? (I'm currently in the process of choosing mine)

[@gianmaria8284]

nice video!

[@zoozolplexOne]

Super helpful

[@nickyvalana]

thank you, thank you, thank you

[@alexturkey276]

Very informative i have st jude valve planted when i was 22 after 3 years still clikin..but having some issues due to thinners though like dizziness and short breathing..

[@ObservingTheSus]

Shortness of breath after the surgery? Might want to get checked out

[@shirleyrichards1597]

I have had St Jude since 1992 just last year had Angiography and TEE test valve is great for 30 years!

[@drrania479]

thank you

[@froller2]

Im set to get my aortic valve replace with a St judes later this year, also getting My 4.8 aorta fixed.. Didnt imagine having to go through this at 25

[@froller2]

@Punished Aniquin that May be true but im nothing but full of fear and doubts

[@jacobhawk4560]

I'm 28 and just had my 2nd open heart surgery 3 weeks ago. This time I just had them replace my Mitral valve with a St. Jude valve and things seem to be going good. Other than a click lol and Blood thinners .

[@Eir0n]

@@jacobhawk4560 Im 24, about to have my second heart valve surgery, with a mechanical one… one year after the last surgery

[@stevenhoulihan1756]

16, Mine is in the Mitral valve, but I have a slight leak the aortic. How did the surgery go?

[@froller2]

@@stevenhoulihan1756 my surgery went well, got a on-x valve and a tube for the aorta, doing good 10months later but the first 4 were rough physically and mentally

[@williamgreen5575]

I'm due to have a mechanical aortic valve replacement in the next couple of months. I was told they are not metal but a special kind of carbon.

[@Sydneykittens]

You're the best

[@ZeroToFinals]

Thanks!

[@drsshetty12]

True info

[@mariamkhaled6702]

Thanks ❤

[@xavierrose8208]

Most OHS will have root extension as well

[@babajideezekieloiuwafemi1533]

What actually causes the cloting risk in metallic valve

[@Mr.pizza0]

I was born with no pulmonary valve, I had surgery in 2015 to have a pig valve put in, they say they don’t know exactly how long they last but I go in every year and also still get prescribed 4x500mg amoxicillin when I go in for dental procedures

[@tz8222]

the heart sounds I think think are unclear/incorrect in this video, in the notes section on the Zero to Finals website, there are more accurate sounds

[@iiencarriere2664]

I had mitral and aortic valves replaced at the same time

[@deepthiparitala3531]

thank u

[@ZeroToFinals]

No problem!

[@thevalveman9636]

Just a few comments on your informative presentation. St Jude is a brand not a valve type. Bileaflet is the type of valve commonly today called mechanical with St Jude one of these albeit the first to be commercialised. Most modern mechanical valves are not metal they are pyrolytic carbon, which is a specially created materia,l almost as hard as diamond, to take the 40 million plus open and closing movements per year in humans. Modern bioprostheses or tissue valves are mainly made from bovine pericardium (the membranous sack surrounding a cows heart) specially treated and mounted on a frame to mimic the shape of our native valve first created by a surgeon, Marian Ionescu in Leeds UK in 1971. After almost 40 years working for prosthetic valve companies the changes in valve technology in that time have been profound resulting in the excellent outcomes today for patients.

[@AR-777]

I have questions...how long st jude valve can go without warfarin? Just curious...i know there so much info about thrombosis....just want to know

[@thevalveman9636]

@@AR-777 That is not a question that can be answered. So many variables to consider such as valve position, medical history, lifestyle, other medications being taken etc. etc. Rule of thumb.....don't stop your warfarin if it has been prescribed for you! Not a good idea unless under close medical supervision .

[@AR-777]

@@thevalveman9636 yes agreed with you...but just out of curiosity i am asking...how people manage it who got the valve at early age or in pregnancy...i am sure in life there would be event where patient have to stop warfarin for 5-6 days....

[@thevalveman9636]

@@AR-777 Why would they stop Warfarin? If the patient is very young they get a biological valve till they get old enough for a mechanical valve. Biological valves do not need anticoagulant in many people but it depends on position and many other factors, so every person is different. If someone gets pregnant or have to have an operation they are usually managed very carefully in hospital with intravenous anticoagulants such as heparin to ensure correct levels are maintained. Large molecule chain anticoagulants such as Heparin do not cross the placental barrier, but again very carefully supervised in a hospital setting.

[@AR-777]

@@thevalveman9636 actually my mother had fistula surgery month back....two days back for followup check up... doctor examine her and we return to home...after sometime she bleed from the wound(skin crack) bleed so much...we rush to hospital and they closed the wound from laser which was causing bleed....and stopped warfarin for 3 days....so i am wondring it is ok to stop warfarin for atleast 3 days in such case?

[@bishalgautam1107]

Its amazing that you guys preach that mitral valve replacement surgery is done from the left side of the chest wall !?

[@ZeroToFinals]

Hi Bishal. Thanks for highlighting this, you are right! I have gone back to the literature and altered the description to highlight that minimally invasive mitral surgery can be done through a right sided mini thoracotomy rather than left sided as the picture suggests. I am not a cardio-thoracic surgeon, just someone trying to provide useful educational materials for medical students, and I am not immune to making mistakes. It is super useful to have people that spot mistakes highlight them so I can update the material. Thanks

[@nancyweisbrodt3964]

The right side is correct. I have had a mitral valve repair 17 yrs ago and recently a mitral valve mechanical replacement last month. Both surgeries were done through the ribs on my right side. No sternum incision.

[@user-cg1sc9hz3v]

Thank u!

[@ZeroToFinals]

No problem!

[@muhammadfawad4094]

Impressive! How do you make these videos?

[@ZeroToFinals]

Hi Jawad. I use an ipad with an apple pencil to make the illustrations. I then record the screen of the ipad using my computer. Then I edit the video to the audio using final cut pro. Takes ages. Hope that helps

[@muhammadfawad4094]

@@ZeroToFinals Thanks for replying

[@ZeroToFinals]

@@muhammadfawad4094 No problem.

[@user-ws8vv2ut9c]

THANKS

[@shivaaryal1858]

Hello can't aortic valve replacement by minimally invasive method. Which is better

[@Hanse-dx4de]

Les invasive beter

[@thebondvillain4920]

@1:04 it's done on the right side ?

[@user-kk6sr5hr3r]

🌻🌻

[@anaskhan-qg3uk]

Why prosthetic aortic valve is more prone to infective endocarditis than mitral valve .? PLZ ANYONE

[@helenavondrakenstein4969]

I wouldn't call it a click...but more like a thump

[@slapdogpuppyspank8754]

Mines a tick like a watch..

[@azasoliman8073]

Wrong we use right thoracotomy for mitral valve not the left