Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, & Quarternary - Biology

This biology video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the four levels of protein structure - primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structure. The primary structure of a protein is based on the sequence of amino acids. The secondary structure is based on localized shapes such as the alpha helix or the beta pleated sheet. The tertiary structure of a protein describes its three-dimensional folding pattern. A tertiary structure contains one individual subunit where as a quarternary structure has multiple subunits.
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is it good for AP Biology?

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AP Bio teacher assigned work ab the structures, your explanation on the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sequences really helped!

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is it good for AP Biology?

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just a by the way, when drawing an amino acid, the nitrogen is bonded to 2 hydrogen atoms, not three as nitrogen is in group 5, everything else is great and you make it so easy to understand😁

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Isn't the structure of an amino acid NH3-CHR-COOH?

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[@KenJackson_US]

At 3:19 _"If you replace just _*_one_*_ amino acid with another, it will completely change the shape of the protein."_ And the shape determines if it can perform a valuable function, right? So the sequence seems to be _extremely_ important. But there are an effectively infinite number of possible permutations. So *how* could evolution have found *so many* functional proteins in such a *short time?*

[@heewonchoi1]

Because there is no evolution.

[@smallnoob7577]

You answered it yourself. Small mutations of only one or a few amino acids could change the entire function of the protein.

[@KenJackson_US]

How did each protein function get implemented for the *first time,* @@smallnoob7577? There was no existing functional protein to mutate. Evolution would have had to pick the right one out of an effectively infinite field of possibilities. It would take *a trillion trillion trillion years.* Seriously. Do the math.

[@smallnoob7577]

@@KenJackson_US There's not really a lot of math behind it - the truth is that we don't really know where proteins first came from other than the few hypotheses we have. Some scientists such as Stephen Hawking have said that all the conditions that exist for us to have evolved everything from us being in the habitable zone, our star being just the right size, our atmospheric compositions, were less than 0.1% likely to occur. I'm not sure what he suggested but some believe that he meant that there must be some superior power in accordance with that argument. And what you said about the "trillion trillion trillion years" has no foundation. Evolution didn't exist before proteins existed; no life can exist without proteins

[@KenJackson_US]

@@smallnoob7577: _"Evolution didn't exist before proteins existed; no life can exist without proteins[.]"_ A lot of evolutionists make this error. The human body is constructed of some 20,000 different proteins, but single-cell organisms are often made of 7000 or so. So that suggests at least 10,000 *totally new* proteins evolved after the mythical first living microbe magically popped into existence. If microbe-to-man evolution isn't just a big myth, then *a lot* of totally new proteins evolved into existence after it. You can't brush it off on the unknown magical abiogenesis process.

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Good explanation. Nitrogen can form only 3 covalent bonds, please correct the drawings of the first diagram.

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thank you so much btw is the amine group NH2 or NH3?

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NH2

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[@vpiele9631]

Shouldn't carbon be bonded to a hydoxyl group, and the bonding of OH with one hydrogen from the amine group create the condensation reaction/peptide bond? The amine usually only has 2 hydrogens. Or maybe it doesnt matter???

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[@Lanabilazahra]

primary : Shape and its function determine by sequence

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Do you have any videos on handedness and chirals?!? I was hoping it would be in this one. I think I understand polar, non-polar for proteins but need a little more help on handedness and pI

[@lilaurbanic4165]

Wait… that carboxyl group isn’t right. A real carboxyl group has a carbon double bonded to an oxygen (which you have), as well a single bond between a carbon and another oxygen that’s bonded to a hydrogen (the hydrogen part is what you don’t have). The nitrogen only has two bonded hydrogens, not 3, because in the formation you have, its valence shell is overfilled. I might be wrong, but that’s what Google says a carboxyl and amino group is

[@hfof]

0:46 Why did you add an extra H to the amino group, when it only has 2 Hydrogen atoms?

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bec amino group has 3 hydrogen atoms.It's NH3 bonded to carbon.

[@vlsui66]

@@yusratariq4831 no its NH2 bonded to carbon, check on the Internet

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I read all this for one hour for u to sum it up in less than 6mins

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One nitrogen atom bonds with 2 hydrogens. one Nitrogen to 3 hydrogens forms ammonia. Could you explain if there's is something else I need to know(i.e if you did not make a mistake).

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Hi is there a video for biochemistry of vitamins ?

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Is that structure of an amino acid right? Because its different from the Google one and my lecturers structure

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shouldn't the nitrogen in the amino acid structure contain only 2 hydrogen groups because it makes 3 covalent bonds only?

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could you please order your "New Physics List" because i watched Vector videos but there are some another videos between them

[@nadine-xi3hn]

correct me if im wrong buy you drew the amino acid structure wrong an oh group is attached the the carbon rather than 3 hydrogen's on the nitrogen

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Should have mentioned heme? Should call 3rd a domain polypeptide and 4th protein structure of 2+ polypeptide

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Isn’t amino group NH2?

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Is protein subunit and structure of protein is same? Badly need for class

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THANKS