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Psychoeducation refers to the process of providing education and information to those seeking or receiving mental health services, such as people diagnosed with mental health conditions (or life-threatening/terminal illnesses) and their family members. Psychoeducation is an evidence-based therapeutic intervention for patients and their loved ones that provide information and support to better understand and cope with illness. Psychoeducation is most often associated with serious mental illness, including dementia, schizophrenia, clinical depression, anxiety disorders, psychotic illnesses, eating disorders, personality disorders, and autism, although the term has also been used for programs that address physical illnesses, such as cancer.
Psychoeducation usually includes certain basic components of information, which are to be imparted to patients and their family members regarding a particular mental disorder. The modules may be modified to suit the needs of the patients, family members, clinicians, or vary according to a particular disorder. Thus, the number and timing of the sessions may vary along with alterations in the overall content.
According to the target population, psychoeducation can be an individual, family, group, or community-based.
According to the predominant focus of psychoeducation, it can be compliance/adherence focused, illness focused, treatment-focused, and rehabilitation focused.
Active psychoeducation involves the active involvement of the therapist with the patient/family during the process, leading to interaction and clarification. In passive psychoeducation, materials are provided to patients/family members in the form of pamphlets, audio/video material that they are supposed to read and assimilate on their own. In a busy clinic with limited available time, a clinician may take resort to passive psychoeducation by distributing leaflets or educative materials about the illness written in a simple language, which the patient and guardians can easily understand and assimilate.
Psychoeducation offered to patients and family members teaches problem-solving and communication skills and provide education and resources in an empathetic and supportive environment. Psychoeducation can take place in one-on-one discussion or in groups and by any qualified health professionals such as a psychiatrist, doctors, nurses, social workers, occupational therapists, psychologists, and physicians. In the groups, several patients are informed about their illnesses at once. Also, exchanges of experience between the concerned patients and mutual support play a role in the healing process.
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