Pulp & Deckle: Making Recycled Handmade Paper

[@RaviKumar-cl6iy]

What we do, we soak the paper overnight. It blend without damaging the blender

[@panikik]

Mine smells like a rotten egg when i soak the paper overnight😂

[@manhquynhnguyen3946]

@@panikik same with mine

[@krjskwu6656]

or you guys can boil it

[@erikagutierrez8144]

Español porfa

[@krjskwu6656]

@Ramyaa Veer cook it, you dont have to soak it overnight

[@katiec5433]

When you’re a college student who learned how to do this to get rid of old high school tests that she thought was going to be relevant to college but it wasn’t 😭 Gotta recycle these bad boys now

[@-robo-]

I make paper pulp by placing junk mail and sensitive documents that need disposing in a 5 gallon bucket 3/4 filled with water. I also add a little bleach to prevent bacteria and mold growth. When the bucket has enough paper in it, I let it soak for one more day. Then I use a paint mixer (metal bar) in my drill to pulverize the paper. I don't have a shredder so this works very well for me. I end up with a large quantity of pulp. This might be a good method if a person is not in a hurry.

[@hannahorozco8394]

I'll recycle my use notebook last year so I can use it for the next.

[@forexams668]

That's good

[@faithanjali]

That's such a good idea!

[@Just_Avani]

I use those papers for watercolor painting

[@frankmelero5511]

What material is the yellow towel that you use initially and then what is the White Towel Material to dry?

[@suzanneabad3539]

Just wondering.... as an end process, can a roller be used to smooth out the paper fibers? If so, should it be done after they have *completely* dried, or while the pages are still slightly damp?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Yes, you can use a roller to smooth out the paper while wet.

[@Col_Eddington]

Where did you get the Western Swing version der Star Wars Cantina Song.

[@scribbleartie]

Oooh! I came across this just now when I found my little papermaking kit from years ago and no instructions, heh! So I'm at the pulping stage right now and wondering about sizing? I'm upcycling old (not written on) notebooks that were going to landfill, so I'm thinking they might already be ok to write/paint on without having to size them? Great fun video, btw, thanks! :)

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Thanks, glad you enjoyed it! We hope your paper turned out well, whether you ended up using sizing or not. We usually don't add sizing when recycling paper, but the paint might sink into the paper more without it.

[@detskydomovlipova9141]

Hm😔

[@itmustbemycupcake4641]

What kind of material You put the paper on? (speaking about this yellow material) :)

[@karmaakabane5237]

What do you call the material used to filter or where you put the liquid form?

[@raymondtwohill2927]

What is the cost to recycle and make your own paper? Time, electricity?

[@ITSUPPORTBYSUJIT]

In the step 3 were do you put the mixture in the white tray does it has water for any glue

[@BrandonsHealthJourney]

Faster faster faster! Even faster!! haha. Thanks for the video. I learned a lot.

[@escuderomaefelizm.7676]

What is the yellow sheet? Is it felt? Can parchment paper be an alternative?

[@08.aldean.10]

What cloth/sheet is that yellow one in 2:35?

[@valkeriejones3818]

I am having issues with my paper sticking to my mould really bad. Any tips?

[@riyadoshi7786]

What was the plastic tub filled with in which you dumped the paper pulp before dipping the screen into it?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Water

[@riyadoshi7786]

Jenn Woodward thank you😄

[@kerimccall7846]

If im doing this without a press what is the best way to go about that at home? Is it to get it more flat or to drain more water?

[@Pulpanddeckle]

If you don't have a press you can sandwhich the paper between 2 layers of cloth and 2 boards, and then stand on top of the boards. The pressing helps squeeze out water. You don't need to buy a press unless you are going to be making a lot of paper.

[@Ambardinst]

I can make thin, thick and flat paper. I'm happy if I can discuss it so that handmade recycled paper is of higher quality and useful

[@sanikaangane8616]

Water colours would smudge on these papers right? What can be done to avoid that?

[@NguyenTruong-dv9jo]

Do you know what main factor plays a crucial role in making papers smooth ? thanks !

[@michaeli3488]

nguyen van Truong Have you found information on this? The toilet paper shortage brought me here

[@Marunkandee]

What kind of fabric are you using?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

These are yellow microfiber towels, but you can use regular towels, cut up sheets, etc. Mostly we use pieces of cut up interfacing, aka pellon in our studio.

[@KellyRyan-k9k]

The instructions stopped for a while. Like, does the sponge need to be wet to go on the paper or dry to soak some of the water from the paper?

[@soumayakhadidja3796]

I have a question I am not grid, which is put in water mix with paper, and I wanted to know if there is another way to make the paper?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

I think you're asking if you need water to make paper? Yes you need water.

[@jordancruzlogan22]

Wait I cant get the frame correct so does one have the mesh and one doesnt?

[@privatecatdog]

Question: How to you prevent the new piece of paper from sticking and ripping on the Deckle? This is happening alot to me. Thank you

[@thepassionateindividual3212]

Saw in another video someone used cooking spray 👍🏽

[@adhdartist1994]

Oh no...

[@thepassionateindividual3212]

Eatenribs what?

[@sequoyalee4443]

push down and removing more water when transferring helps me

[@keving2115]

My friend says he likes your paper... (taps your shoulder) I like it too.

[@Pulpanddeckle]

Thank you!

[@preetilochab9753]

M making a project on this topic....the problem m facing is the recycled paper from newspapers are coming greyish ...how to make them white?

[@kabkorange]

bleach

[@fourleafclovis78]

how many pages a day do you make? How much for the press? How much pressure needed?

[@hopsaqo]

Greedo would approve this papers quality.

[@robertoseveno]

Haha nice one. Going somewhere Solo?

[@thinkcouple2398]

I remember watching something like this on Blues Clues when I was around 4 years old

[@IamMoosh]

THATS LITERALLY WHY IM HERE

[@strewf]

@Moosch - Is that what your parents told you?

[@Rivenmoxie]

ThinkCouple except they did it with clothes on blues clues hahaha 😂

[@smudgiee3480]

@@Rivenmoxie XD

[@sweetpastelpeach7587]

Oooh THAT'S the show they did the jeans on!I was trying to remember where I remember that from!

[@silverblade2006]

lol love the fact yall used the tune from the cantina for your video

[@NiKifowler]

I was wondering about your press, may I ask what it is?

[@kartikeyagarwal6425]

hi, how do u make paper stick to the cloth (3:06) thanks

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

The cloth should be damp to help attract the paper to it.

[@TheUkeLover]

I'd love to be there :) or at least donate all the shredded paper I have from all my book projects, is the yellow fabric from microfiber?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Yes, you the towels are microfiber towels, but you can use regular towels or cut up sheets, etc.

[@djsabath7297]

Hi, after these paper is done, what does it called? May i know where to sell? I dont have the machine to make it.. Thanks.

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

We make paper to sell at local festivals and events, on our etsy shop at www.etsy.com/shop/PulpandDeckle and for custom orders.

[@cadencsawesomeness4053]

Is that a custom built hydraulic press?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

It is a press for papermaking - carriagehousepaper.com/aardvark-press

[@andrewilson7538]

How do you make the paper pulp so that it's spreadable like paint?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

We talk a little about this in our pulp painting and throwing demo here - kzbin.info/www/bejne/hprJq5xuopKcfJo

[@gearjunkies2193]

Did you buy or make your deckle?

[@eb1138]

Loved this. Inspiring! Thank you.

[@kunjaljani319]

Thanks for vudeo. where I r u based? I need to come there and learn.

[@LinoCrafts]

hey what kind of pres have u used here?thank you

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

This is an Aardvark 12 ton press purchased from Carriage House Paper.

[@AdiGeorgescu22]

so every time you take pulp out of the water, there will be less and less pulp in there. How to you control the thickness of the paper?

[@zuzanakohary2698]

They produce thick paper, from high quality , clean paper. What's the point?

[@dytasaputri9480]

Does anyone know the name of the "place to print the paper"

[@maddiew3027]

would I be able to use plants? Or twigs? I've done a ton of yardwork and have fresh grass and dead leaves to use.

[@lissq2769]

You can attempt to use virgin fibres (plants) but it’s a lot more temperamental than using recycled paper, since recycled paper has already been treated to make in into paper in the first place. To use virgin fibres you have to ret them (soak them in water until they start to come apart) and then cook them with an alkali to soften them even further. Then you move onto beating them in a blender. It can work but it’s much less likely to work and will be a kind of trial and error process depending on exactly what plant you’re using. Also not all plants/parts of plants will work but if you’re willing to try and possibly have it not work then you haven’t got much to lose except time. Hope that helps

[@marciacolombet3707]

Is there a particular reason why you use envelopes as your source of paper?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

We were given these from a business that changed their branding. On the other side of the envelope is their business info. The business would have recycled them, so we used them to make paper instead.

[@melissagarcesvieira3249]

where is the mould and deckle from?

[@standardissue15]

Where i can find retention agent for pigmenting paper, theres any another name for retention agent that i can find in chemical store? ( papermaking supply unvailable)

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

carriagehousepaper.com/retention-agent-577

[@nathanmatusek9244]

Yeah but how do I make fine paper smooth enough for writing.

[@marykinser]

Can this make paper that folds fora journal?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

yes

[@palomamensajera2202]

great! now I know why my paper looked like a spinach tortilla! ;-)

[@nagendragupta5112]

Lol!!! 😂😂😂

[@denizbugat]

where can we get from the frames you use, to strain?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

+Deniz Buga That's called a mould and deckle. You can make your own (we teach you how if you'd like to buy our online class at pulpanddeckle.com/workshops.) or you can buy ready made from papermaking suppliers like Carriage House Paper.

[@blackvelvet9278]

@@PulpandDeckleStudio Is this a silkscreen? It looks like it.

[@Pulpanddeckle]

@@blackvelvet9278 No, the screen is not as fine as silk screen. It's similar to this screen - carriagehousepaper.com/polypropylene-screening

[@nadinegirouard7497]

Do ya have to 0ress with so much force? I don't have ability to purchase such things. Besides, I am sure when paper started being made they didn't either so, how to press without machinery?

[@Pulpanddeckle]

+Nadine Girouard Hi Nadine, No you don't have to use the press to make paper, though it does make the paper stronger and it will dry faster. With many types of papermaking the paper is left on the mould to dry, but that means you can only make 1 piece of paper at a time.

[@nadinegirouard7497]

+Pulp & Deckle: a handmade paper studio Would it be good for crafts? Card making? maybe some painting? Mixed media affairs? I am hoping to reuse my paper trash into my own art works. Looks basically easy technique. Thank you for reply 😊

[@diabolicalques0]

the paper shredder is genius. how have i not thought of that before?

[@horlraq4650]

شكراً على النشر فيديو تعليمي الفقره التي تعجبني في محتوه الاوربي يدخل في صلب الموضع ٠اما نحنو العرب نبكي من اجل لايكات واعجابات ونتوسل بل مشاهد وثمه يدخل في المحتوه تحياتي لك 🌹♥️

[@willemh3319]

how much paper on how much water you use

[@noconz0727]

What kind of screen do you use? Also are the yellow towels microfiber?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

The yellow towels are shop towels that are mostly used in garages. You can use a lot of different materials to put the paper onto, it helps if it is absorbent. You can use window screen from the hardware store (metal or plastic) or a fine plastic mesh (but not as fine as silkscreen.)

[@globbittakumi9784]

@@PulpandDeckleStudio why can't we use silk screen for the process?

[@MizukiUkitake]

I'm using shredded mail and newspaper, and the paper keeps coming out medium grey. It's not very useful for a notebook or sketchbook. How do I whiten, or at least lighten. The paper? It doesn't need to be perfectly white, just light enough to see pencil marks.

[@Electricalengineer_sparkles]

Dont use newspaper it will always come out looking grey or dirty

[@bodaciousbard7359]

I suppose you could bleach the papers to whiten them

[@sharongreenaway6942]

Love your press, did you make it yourself

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

It's a press we bought from Carriage House Paper - carriagehousepaper.com/aardvark-press

[@kokolexx]

How to control how thick the result will be?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

The amount of paper pulp to water controls the thickness.

[@nileemakhan2532]

Where can i find the equipment in amazon ? What are they called ?

[@gomi5469]

How would you make Watercolor paper specifically? Is it much different?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Here's a hand papermaking business that makes watercolor papers with info on how they are created and what materials they use - www.twinrocker.com/watercolor_papers.html

[@julianmoroni4721]

hey! is the yellow cloth made of a specific material? or is it just cloth???

[@micheleh5269]

Was wondering the same thing

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

These are yellow shammy microfiber cloths. You can use a variety of drying surfaces like sheets or towels.

[@manal5396]

Where can I buy it

[@diljithbhaskaran8670]

sir, can you please suggest some quantitative details about the pulp making. Like how much paper and water we should mix. I have another doubt also, Once the frame is dipped into the tank of pulp its concentration will get decreased right? so how many times we can use the same tank of pulp without enriching it again. Or can you please say the required thickness of the pulp layer over the sieve.

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

+Diljith Bhaskaran Hi Diljith. There are lots of great tutorials online for papermaking. This is just a demo from a few years ago when our studio, Pulp & Deckle was just getting started. We have an in-depth online papermaking class that you can buy and download at www.pulpanddeckle.com/workshops.html or if you find yourself in Portland, OR you can take one of our classes in person. Otherwise I would recommend checking out this helpful info. from a fellow papermaker- paperslurry.com/2014/05/19/how-to-make-handmade-paper-from-recycled-materials/

[@diljithbhaskaran8670]

thanks a lot sir..

[@richpicate8122]

Can I fold it without any crackings?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

yes

[@pprdoll68]

no mention of paper/water ratios and such or if theres anything else...

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

True, we don't. This isn't an instructional video as much as an informational one. But yes, it's just paper and water. Nothing else is needed.

[@Morgilwen]

The cantina music from Star Wars!!🤣🤣❤❤

[@shay4966]

Hello , loved the video.. I wanted to know if you can fold the paper to wrap items in it or will it break?

[@vericak4868]

Hi, does anyone know if there's something else to use instead of blender? Will it work without blending the paper?

[@em4392]

Traditional paper making methods boil and hammer to separate the fibers, i would assume boiling the shredded paper and beating it a bit will help, you could use a modified drill to stir it vigorously to break it down without using a blender

[@tomkelly8827]

That is some special paper!

[@parthenon3539]

Hello, sir. Good day. Personally, I love the instructional video, and I've learned a lot from it, i still have yet to perform it, though. You seem to be experts in the paper making industry. I just would like to ask some help, if you don't mind... We came up with this investigatory project concerning the use of fruit peelings as an ingredient in recycling paper. I know for a fact that the old paper utilized, is, in itself, a fiber. I am just wondering if I were to add citrus fruit peelings, (specifically lemon peelings), mixed with old papers (literally, the same process you did, but with the addition of fruit peels), would it have any effect? I'm just hoping this project of ours wouldn't backfire. Thank you very much.

[@amyaustria9235]

Onggabongga Ourworld hey iwas wondering if your study is successfully made as of now?

[@IrinaFrancisphotofun]

AAAh!!! I love you! best video ever! God bless you and happy New Year 8-)

[@debbiekidwell5598]

Looks like you are just taking existing paper to make paper. What's the advantage

[@unknownfbk]

Where did you bought the frame from?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

We have a list of places you can buy papermaking equipment from on our website here - www.pulpanddeckle.com/resources.html

[@msjk471]

can i make w/ used paper??? is it still white?

[@danielmoore486]

Msj K If it has ink on it, no it won’t be white. You can however wash some of it out with detergent and rinse it or you can bleach it

[@feliksp5186]

I'm just getting into papermaking! What is that material you are couching on? and then transferring to to dry? I love the drying box!

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Welcome to papermaking! Please see info in the comments on the couching surface. Thanks!

[@user-Hussein.101]

ماهيه الماده التي اظيفت على الماء

[@CRUDE360]

can i print on these papers or are they too delicate for a printer???

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Depends on the printer, and the thickness of the paper. We have used a basic epson inkjet printer with thinner papers, and a Ricoh laser printer (bypass tray only) with thicker, and larger papers.

[@UZI9MMAUTO]

Can homemade paper be pliable like regular paper? Folded without breaking it? Have you used starch for stiff paper and how do you control mil thickness? I was curious if paper could be made to be put into a printer? Have you ever used wood glue or wax? The possibilities can be endless if consistency could be maintained? (I understand you have to cut some to make it fit in machines [like a printer] n such. IF i was gonna make paper it would have colored threads in it and cotton like money paper looks before its printed and stamped.

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

Handmade paper can be pliable like machine made paper. And there are additives like sizing that can be added to the paper to make it more water resistant. The stiffness of the paper has a lot to do with the type of fiber that is used, and how it is processed. Recycled paper fibers that are put in a blender are not going to be as strong as flax fibers that are processed in a hollander beater. Using starch would not change the actual fibers, it would just coat them, so that would not be my approach for making more crisp papers. I would start with choosing the right fibers for my project. There are many variables in making handmade paper (fiber type, fiber processing, thickness of the sheet, pressure put on the sheet while wet, pressure put on the sheet while drying, air drying, etc.) All of these variables would be addressed depending on what you want to do with the paper (make a book, make a card, use it for printmaking, use it in a laser or inkjet printer, use it for sculptural work, etc.) So yes, the possibilities are endless! This photo of burlap (sisal) paper mixed with cotton pulp that was partially processed so that the threads would remain long, reminds me a bit of what you're talking about when you say you would make paper with colored threads like money - www.pulpanddeckle.com/uploads/1/0/1/7/10178442/img-20160328-120911_orig.jpg I made this with an artist in residence who created a large sheet of paper with these fibers - instagram.com/p/BD1B7CJArCY/?taken-by=pulpanddeckle

[@UZI9MMAUTO]

That is a nice sheet of paper you made. I am thinking a coffee grinder would make for an excellent pulp. Then cotton? permanent colored thin strands could be added into the 'mash' if you will. I've only seen actual money sheets unprinted once. (It's a very carefully guarded trade secret) This is why I was thinking cotton could be mixed in the blender or chemically broke down into or simply buying cellulose powder. But upon further review here is a contradictory fact about 'paper' money. Here is the paste: Currency paper is composed of 25 percent linen and 75 percent cotton. Red and blue synthetic fibers of various lengths are distributed evenly throughout the paper. Before World War I these fibers were made of silk. So what is this "linen" in paper currency? So according to more research the 'linen' is actually flax Now you know how sturdy money paper is. I however do not know what form the cotton is in when 'paper' money is made? The rest would be easy to figure out. What's your take on the form the cotton would be to make 'paper'? :-) Thanks Much .. This is indeed a great art. Cause something tells me if I put Cotton in any type of blender. I am going to end up with a rotor trapped with threads. This has me very curious yet dumbfounded.

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

While you can make paper with a grinding action, it is different than beating it in a hollander beater, which is specifically designed to produced good quality paper pulp. Using a blender cuts the fibers while using a beater hammers the fibers. Here's a papermaking blog that talks about different hollanders and links to them - www.paperslurry.com/2015/05/26/just-beat-it-watch-a-hollander-paper-beater-in-action/#more-1672 and here's what wikipedia says - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollander_beater Many have tried to make currency paper, but as you say, it is a closely guarded secret what the exact mix of cotton and linen fibers is, and how they are processed. And yes, if you put cotton fibers like an old t-shirt into a blender you will break your blender. You can however buy cotton linter halfstuff from places like Carriage House Paper and that will work in a blender. These fibers are not as strong - carriagehousepaper.com/cotton-linters-2nd-cut Have fun exploring the craft! If you're interested in finding a studio in the US to take a class this handy map might help you - bit.ly/1FVNOC1

[@UZI9MMAUTO]

I will bookmark those for sure. I appreciate your input. tyvm

[@UZI9MMAUTO]

My state is loaded with studios :)

[@ntdtv]

Hi, we love your video. With your permission, we'd like to post this on our social media pages and credit you / link your account. Please let me know. Thanks.

[@Boarhaven]

No

[@FernandaASoto]

@@Boarhaven don’t be rude to your elders little boy

[@Boarhaven]

@@FernandaASoto Im not gonna take such an advice from a person who has a toddler vehicle on his profile pic

[@FernandaASoto]

@@Boarhaven you’re acting sus

[@Boarhaven]

@@FernandaASoto name me one person who asked

[@alexsmith9983]

Can i use this to turn empty toilet rolls into cardboard sheets?

[@kimr3181]

I love that mold and deckle - Can you tell me where I might find one like this?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

These are a little different and are out of stock right now, but are pretty similar to ours - carriagehousepaper.com/classic-mould-deckle-8-5-x-11

[@kimr3181]

Thank you so much for the quick reply!

[@smudgiee3480]

@@PulpandDeckleStudio cool

[@03penguin]

curious question. I learnt this process many years ago when I was doing paper sculptures, (via putting the wet made sheets of paper into plaster molds) and seem to remember something about adding oil of mint to the pulp before making the sheets? I thought was a preservative of sorts?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

+Chris Culos I've never heard of adding mint oil to paper. When we've done paper casting we've only added in things like sizing, methyl cellulose, calcium carbonate or kaolin clay.

[@rommycougar]

Chris Culos was she using screen printing mesh on the wooden frames? What’s that fabric please?

[@nicolebalchin9429]

Perhaps I'm missing something, but it looks like you took a perfectly good piece of copy paper and turned it into another piece of paper that I presume cannot be put through a printer!

[@autumnj2159]

Much better for an artist to use though!

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

As we have posted before, the envelopes we are using have printing on the other side. They have printed logos that a business was no longer using, so they gave us the envelopes to recycle. And this paper can be put through a printer. Here's a photo of cards we made that we put through a Ricoh printer bypass tray - www.pulpanddeckle.com/uploads/1/0/1/7/10178442/mcmenamins_copy.jpg

[@nicolebalchin9429]

@@PulpandDeckleStudio Hi, that makes perfect sense now, sorry, I didn't realise that they were used envelopes. I have had a look at the photo and your cards are beautiful. I'm impressed that you can put your 'new' paper through a printer. I dabbled in paper recycling with my son when he was little, we used old wrapping paper.

[@nicole1304]

They weren't kidding when they said closer and faster. XD

[@Justsayin71]

anyone know the name of that press

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

carriagehousepaper.com/aardvark-press

[@Lunaxyzxd]

im here for my research paper lol i was thinking this maybe a sustainable product for earth. wish me luckk

[@malteasermidnight7200]

same!

[@victor7530]

Good luck!

[@kikeheebchinkjigaboo6631]

How to du make paper from scratch???

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

From plants or from cloth made from plants.

[@leftleggedturtle6845]

Wacth the vedio in 2x speed omg 😂😂

[@amritapritam2891]

I like how fast this video is running.

[@jamesanderson3271]

interesting that the music sounds like the music on Star Wars in the Tattoine bar.

[@kumaraguru5036]

wow super.i am intrest for paper making.

[@selomhotor]

please what yellow fabric is that

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

They are shop towels. You can put the paper onto any absorbent fabric. You do not have to use these towels.

[@selomhotor]

Thank you

[@jkmthplay1394]

I love the star wars Cantina song in the background

[@BobbyDillan]

paper out of paper?

[@tomhill9066]

what specifically are the yellow towels you are using to squeeze most of the water out and the white sheets you use for the final dry?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

+Tom Hill Hi Tom. The yellow towels are just microfiber towels that people often use for buffing cars. You can use all kinds of towels or sheets for this process. If you'd like to learn more we recommend you purchase our online class at pulpanddeckle.com/workshops.

[@HeartistryCollexions]

What do u call that rectangular thing?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

A mould and deckle

[@arzoosheikh19]

i have only 2 things that id water and paper

[@lindeclark65]

Great tutorial. One confirming question. The top frame does not have a screen on it and why?

[@PulpandDeckleStudio]

I'd recommend you check out this free tutorial on moulds and deckles (the top frame is the deckle) here - helenhiebertstudio.com/make-your-own-mould-deckle/

[@lindeclark65]

Thank you