Hadrian's Wall was Incorrectly named.......

[@pwhitewick]

Rebecca's Channel can be found here: www.youtube.com/@RebeccasNest

[@dave_h_8742]

2:39 You can't tell me someone's stamped fudge out the gate by accident 😶

[@nickryan3417]

Am I the only one wondering how/why this is the first time I've heard of Rebecca's channel despite watching so many of the videos on this channel. Am I really that oblivious?

[@rogink]

@@nickryan3417 I assume it's new. They used to make videos together. I'm an irregular viewer, but I noticed that Rebecca's name was missing a couple of videos ago. So it's good to see they are still together. I think this means the videos are slicker - it seems Rebecca is directing and Paul presenting.

[@MrGreatplum]

@@nickryan3417- Rebecca has had her channel for years but I think she’s concentrating on it now :)

[@differous01]

We still don't know who built the Fossatum Africae around Roman Carthage, during/after Hadrian's reign.

[@swamyvigyananand4779]

Sycamore Gap! Delighted to see it in its splendour at 5:23-5:35. Thank you!

[@fion1flatout]

Nowt but an overgrown weed. Good timber though 😅

[@stephenmudiecastles.2938]

@@fion1flatout Except that some idiot with nothing better to do cut it down..

[@karphin1]

A shame it got cut down. 😢

[@hairyairey]

@@stephenmudiecastles.2938 Allegedly two idiots but so far not enough proof to charge them.

[@faithlesshound5621]

@@hairyairey Actually two men were charged at Newcastle Crown Court in May with having committed criminal damage to both the tree and Hadrian's Wall. They pled not guilty and are due to be tried in December 2024.

[@steveclarke6257]

Hadrian orders defence lines across both the southern and eastern parts of the empire not just our northern border, so you can find similar walls across North Africa and in Syria. So yes whilst these walls was almost certainly completed after his reign he did order their construction. It's said that the walls were about being both a cost saving defensive measure ( yes high initial capital out lay but a longterm manpower saving and unlike modern politicians, Romans did think long term) and a statement to those people outside the empire that this is our land keep out.

[@ronhall9039]

With the additional benefit of keeping the Squaddies busy.

[@gar6446]

Additionally, customs revenue would be easier to collect and police.

[@hetrodoxlysonov-wh9oo]

I think the general consensus today is these walls were built to tax people bringing goods cattle etc to be sold in the markets of the empire.

[@rahjah6958]

@@gar6446if Mexicans can climb 20ft fences, some Scot’s can climb a wall

[@therespectedlex9794]

​@@rahjah6958There were no Scots. They were Picts back then.

[@thetruth1862]

A dream of mine (I am from the US, with Scotts-Irish , English descent) is to travel to England and Scotland and see all these amazing mounds, monolithic structures , old and new architecture, its magnificent, maybe one day

[@nigelsouthworth5577]

I hope you make it. We are very lucky to live here.

[@thetruth1862]

@@nigelsouthworth5577 thank you maybe one day

[@Alienalloy]

to be honest standing on a low hillock freezing your tits off is as underwhelming as the next, yet context of the surroundings whether in the UK or the US is everything we all stand on history.

[@thetruth1862]

@Alienalloy Poetic and well said sir or ma'am

[@stephenharris7982]

I would highly recommend the Hadrian wall path I have walked it 3 times and cycled it twice. I actually live 40 yrds from it

[@2009numan]

Wallsend in Newcastle got its name from where the wall actually ended it never went as far as the coast

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks. Never knew that.

[@michaeljohnson4636]

The wallsend metro station signs have both wallsend / segedunum on (the Roman name for wallsend)

[@sidensvans67]

And Westgate Road .

[@Leenufc]

It actually ended in the river tyne down from Wallsend

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

There’s a part of Hadrians Wall in the commonwealth war cemetery in Rome another set of wall stone heading to the US sank in the Atlantic

[@cslloyd1]

For whatever reason there must be, my American K-12 education rarely mentioned the amazing things the Roman's did. It's really amazing. Fortunately, there's quite a bit of youtube content on the Roman Empire and, what little I know about it, I got from stumbling onto video like this one. Much appreciated!

[@hedleythorne]

Good that Hodgson is getting some recognition. Lovely shots of the wall too!

[@pwhitewick]

I can't imagine devoting myself to something so much that I could write 173 pages on the subject, and actually not be interested in it!

[@paulinehedges5088]

Lovely views of Silchester to give us atmosphere..thanks. Fascinating as always and makes me want to do som research for myself. Thank you. 😊

[@philiptaylor7902]

Another great video Paul (and Rebecca!), I hadn’t known the wall was incorrectly ascribed to Severus for such a long time, and think the “Venomous Bede” was partly to blame.

[@pwhitewick]

I think Bede certainly helped continue the story

[@thomasblecha]

it's "Venerable Bede" (Beda Venerablilis), not "Venomous Bede"

[@philiptaylor7902]

@@thomasblecha Hi Thomas, dig out a copy of “1066 and all that” by Sellar and Yeatman if you can, and all will become clear, but it may ruin British history for you for ever.

[@mikemoreno4469]

​@@thomasblecha, I think he was making a joke 😂

[@matthewquartermain8291]

I went to calleva atrabetum a few weeks ago because of your channel Paul! I’m an Oxfordshire resident, so it was relatively close by and I got some photos with my dslr of the running walls. So, I thank you immensely! Also, another great watch as always.

[@pwhitewick]

It's quite the site isn't it.

[@pathardage1880]

I'm a Colonial from over the water who lives in Portugal now. I've walked The Wall twice and plan to walk it one more time. Your drone footage of that wall is probably the best I've ever seen. I reminds me viscerally more of my experience that any other I've seen. Just fabulous. Thank you. Thank you.

[@Linleys]

Wow, that is all so fascinating, yet complex. I should have done more research into the history of the wall before doing the full trail along it a few years ago. And that drone footage is beautiful. Cheers, Warren :)

[@ronhall9039]

No Scots existed in those days, the Wall in fact split the lands of one of the local tribes. And another point - Northumbria and Northumberland are not the same. Northumbria is the old Angle Kingdom that at it's height stretched from the Firth of Forth down to the Humber, Northumberland is a county and is not nearly as expansive. It's a bit like confusing Britain with England - which I gather is common practice in certain parts.

[@matimus100]

Pussycat Picts

[@davidoldboy5425]

Correct sir

[@Stevie-L-n8g]

Northumbria never stretched to the Forth!

[@derekowens1817]

​@@Stevie-L-n8gother than for the 3 centuries when Lothian was part of Northumbria, maybe. D 🤔

[@Stevie-L-n8g]

I've never read that in any history, so please, give me a book and reference please.@@derekowens1817

[@williaml8474]

Thanks!

[@Christina-ge3xr]

Thank you Paul, another fine video treat on a cold, rainy Sunday (here in southern Ohio). I’d love to see a drone video of the entire length of The Wall. The view from above is amazing. Going the entire length would demonstrate how remarkable it really is.

[@Scramjet44]

Thank you for that. Living some miles north of Antonine's wall, I am reasonably interested in most things Roman. So seeing the title of this video I was intrigued enough to watch which in turn has led to me subscribing to your channel.

[@pwhitewick]

Welcome!

[@oldoneeye7516]

Love your channel. SO relaxing to watch, so entertaining and informative. Thanks a lot KZbin for giving me a good suggestion.

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks so much!

[@Richardincancale]

2:20 The sycamore tree cut down by vandals (not visigoths)

[@pwhitewick]

Agreed!!

[@knickglay]

Also the drone shot at 5:24 in full leaf. Just beautiful.

[@timothyconover9805]

mere barbarians I'd say

[@stevie-ray2020]

At least they caught the bastard!

[@davideddy2672]

Never really understood all the fuss?

[@DaveF-v3d]

Your videos are like time team and country file masked together .. love it!!! And your presenting and content are worthy of television 👍🏻

[@pwhitewick]

Thank you so much 😀

[@TheGrimReaper1]

Just came across your channel and have subscribed and liked, if this film is an example of your work i know i wont be disappointed .

[@pwhitewick]

Welcome. Yup we aim for at least 2 - 3 of these a month with fillers in between.

[@Strangekabuki]

A Yank fan here. Been a fan for a while. Big history buff. My basic interest was your content on the industrial revolution, rail and canals. But I think you have finally pushed me over the wall (see that?😂). Going to do a dive into Roman Britain. Thank you and your wife for do much interesting content over the years.

[@pwhitewick]

Always a pleasure Sir.

[@alanclarke4646]

Not a bad pun, that😊 Keep it up and we'll make you an honorary Brit in no time at all 😂😂😂

[@Strangekabuki]

@@alanclarke4646 don't get me started! Big Great war buff. Been to Somme and Ypres. Always tip a pint on Sept 15 for Battle of Britain Day. Ex 82nd AB and a European deployment meant a trip to Arnhem and Pegasus Bridge.

[@alanclarke4646]

@@Strangekabuki no offence was intended.

[@Strangekabuki]

@@alanclarke4646 all is good, none was taken or assumed. Nuance can get lost on the internet. 😁

[@Lichfeldian--Suttonian]

Great work as usual. Thanks Paul and Rebecca.

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks again!

[@alanpeachey4085]

History is everything thank you for being you from down under where history is thrown away every day looking forward to more and more of your history walks. Thank you Alan

[@t.vanoosterhout233]

Not having watched Rebecca's vid I'd venture, as an explanation, that those Roman writers were also doing a bit of propaganda for Severus, and decided that a wall that was at the wrong place and had to be abandoned didn't speak well of Severus's virtu. But it was commonly known that he had built a wall. So they forgot about the actual wall and ascribed Hadrian's wall to him. Who was going to check them anyway?

[@LeslieGilpinRailways]

Septimus Severus has become something of a hero in Carlisle now it looks like he set up Camp and his HQ in Carlisle for a good number of years. The two storey bathhouse seems a bit OTT for a local fort. And also Hadrian built the earth wall and vallum in AD122 but it had to be replaced by a stone wall for much of it length.

[@MarkAbRobert-jv6it]

The British narrative claims having lost 50.000 men Severus was eventually beseiged by the British warlord Fulgentius at York where he died having been mortally wounded. Scottish historian John of Ferdun even went so far as to claim Mordred who had married Arthurs sister Anna was a direct descendent of this Fulgentius....never any sources though with those old skool history buffs

[@johnvonundzu2170]

He was Septimius not Septimus , (You're not alone I had it wrong too).)

[@mylittleisanfarmstead]

If you look at LIDAR map following the wall you can follow the defensive ditch or the vallum across the majority of the country, it's also good at highlighting Roman camps near the wall.

[@davidberlanny3308]

Good idea to shoot on location in Silchester, it worked really well. Some lovely drone shots👌👌 Great shout out for Rebecca's channel too. Have a great week!!

[@malcolmrichardson3881]

Great aerial shots of the wall and a very informative video. I assumed it had always been known as 'Hadrian's Wall'. Presumably, the unearthing of coins other Roman artefacts, later on, would have definatively dated when the wall was built. Hodgson and those other antiquarians appear to have put in a prodigious amount of research.

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

A recent find of a 2nd cent bowl has the phrase “RIGORE VALI AELI DRACONIS” along its rim, Aelius was Hadrian’s family name so it was probably know to the romans as the wall of Aelius or Hadrian

[@malcolmrichardson3881]

That's very interesting. Thank you @@romanhistorywalks6526

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks, this is the one thing I struggled with, sifting through the 173 page footnote and finding evidence for the claim!

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

@@pwhitewick it was known as the Picts wall for a time and even thought they built it against the romans

[@shirleylynch7529]

Very interesting. I’m ashamed to say I have never even visited this famous wall. You make me want to check it out and read more about it, thank you Paul for another enthusiast trip down history.

[@pwhitewick]

Likewise Shirley!!

[@mikepowell2776]

Excellent video as we’ve come to expect. Fascinating research,, good, appropriate illustration and your nicely informal yet informative presentation. Small point; the Scots weren’t about until the 9th Century. Whilst there’s no doubt that Hadrian ordered the wall’s construction (attested, amongst other things, by statements carved on the stones themselves) Severus came to Britannia around 90 years later with the express purpose of sorting out Caledonia. In the process (which was ultimately unsuccessful) is it not possible that he either strengthened and/or reorganised the wall thus causing the confusion?

[@nickyfield137]

Thanks for your videos Paul, they're always interesting whatever the subject

[@pwhitewick]

Glad you like them!

[@martinmarsola6477]

Thank you for the thorough video today. Always look forward to them. Your explanations are generally logical, not confusing. Hello to Rebecca and enjoy your week ahead. See you on the next!😊

[@pwhitewick]

Great to hear! Thank you

[@barrywalser2384]

Very interesting! I didn’t know the wall had been misnamed for so long. Thanks!

[@macdodd]

We've been to AQntonine's Wall but more often to Hadrian's Wall just about from end to end. Most educational & enjoyable.

[@MybitofHistory]

I recorded my journey along the wall 12 years ago - wish I had a drone back then - Nice video Paul ;)

[@pwhitewick]

You're a gent. Thank you Sir. 😊

[@WillN2Go1]

Good video. I never knew about this. Thank you. You should label your shots of the wall and Vindolanda and maybe slow them down so they last longer. (I paused.) It's interesting this is largely about a 160 page footnote. The equivalent would be to label your clips of the wall. I got a bit of a thrill spotting Vindolanda, Housesteads and Sycamore Gap. (I spent some time visiting.) History is multidimensional. Sometimes it's those side notes that interest some viewers/readers. I would like to see a series of annotated drone videos of the wall with chapter hot spots so viewers can jump. Get a sponsor, put a 30 second ad at the beginning of each clip. And I'm endlessly puzzled why the Romans didn't just stay at the Antonine Wall. It was shorter and should've been more easily defended. Were there really that many violent locals south of it? All this is just such an amazing bit of history. The questions are endless, contemporaneous information is available, and the actual sites are extent and easy to get to.

[@selkie76]

Severus seems to have become very trendy during the Victorian era and early 20th century, here in York - there are a number of streets, buildings, and even a hill named in his honour from that time (all in a relatively small area, spread betwixt Holgate and Acomb for some reason).

[@faithlesshound5621]

Well, he was the most illustrious person to die in York, and after his death he was deified by the Roman Senate.

[@darunge]

Really enjoyed the video! Thanks Paul!

[@pwhitewick]

My pleasure!

[@MrGreatplum]

Very much enjoyed this one, Paul.

[@dave_h_8742]

Nice one. Been to Vindolanda and Housteads on a friends of time team weekend trip years ago bleak and desolate with overbearing grey sky's are my lasting impression of the place and the cold.

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

It is sunny a warm on many days I can vouch for that

[@colintyrrell3670]

Great bit of research and another great video. Thanks. Also, loved the "race" home with Rebecca.

[@jurgschupbach3059]

The same applies to the Limes because no citrus fruits grew on the Rhine

[@Colonel_Blimp]

LOL

[@ralach]

You continue to impress: really good job. I enjoy the videos you guys make, very much. Cheers :)

[@pwhitewick]

Thank you very much!

[@rodden1953]

Did you see on BBC Digging for Britain ? a Roman villa was built 1 or 200 years after the Romans had left .

[@pwhitewick]

Absolutely yes. Changes a lot of our pre conceptions

[@mattygaga2013]

Seeing Sycamore Gap pre-felling always upsets me. How anyone can do what they did, is just abhorrent and unthinkable.

[@pwhitewick]

I am still unsure why it happened.

[@mattygaga2013]

@@pwhitewick and the fact those who did it got NFA'd. It's stupid.

[@boneyeast1019]

@@mattygaga2013 whats an NFA?

[@mattygaga2013]

@@boneyeast1019 no further action - basically all charges dropped

[@davie941]

hello again Paul, another very interesting video , really well done again and thank you 😊

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks again!

[@ATtravel666]

2:58 - Did I have a brain fart and misunderstand Paul? When he is talking about Septimius Severus, who became emperor in 193 and he died in 211. Paul mentions that the next Emperor was Marcus Aurelius? Severus was succeeded by his sons Caracalla and Geta. Caracalla's official name as emperor was Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, but obviously he is known to history as Caracalla. Also not sure about this but there might be a slight mistake at 2:29. You mention Victor as an author and then go onto mention "Chronicon". Not sure if you are referring to Chronicon as the name of the work or as the author. The author was Jerome and his book was the Chronicon. Just got slightly confused because you might have gone from an author to mentioning a work in a similar manner.

[@ATtravel666]

Apologies it if it is my brain fart.

[@smallsleepyrascalcat]

Very interesting. I didn't know they attributed it to another emperor before. 👌

[@pwhitewick]

Even during their own era. Curious indeed.

[@lesmaybury793]

Always interesting and educational videos from Paul and Rebecca. 👍

[@bananacabbage7402]

Excellent video. The word Fosse could alternatively have originated with French invaders. They commonly use the word for a ditch until today.

[@pwhitewick]

Yup, some else just said that. Interesting

[@richardkerry6552]

Hadrian did a bit of stonework in the middle east as well...

[@pwhitewick]

Pray tell more

[@richardkerry6552]

@@pwhitewick am sure hadrian had a wall built in Anatolia or Syria... mind you I was asking you that question. Believe in some parts of the east he built a wall to denote the end of the empire...

[@richardkerry6552]

I know he built a wall in Germany..and he was in Egypt... was a bit of a Greek fan.. am sure I saw a documentary about a wall in Syria etc...

[@marcobelli6856]

@@richardkerry6552he built a wall in Africa too

[@richardkerry6552]

@@marcobelli6856 cheers... was a well busy brickie!!

[@mariadespina80]

Called, in Latin, Vallum Hadriani or Vallum Aelium, Hadrian's Wall is a fortification whose construction began in 122 CE, in the Roman province of Britannia, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian - Trajan's successor. The grandiose construction began on the shores of the River Tyne, close to the North Sea, and reached the Irish Sea. It represented the northern limit of the Roman Empire, beyond which began the territories belonging to the free tribes of those lands, including the Picts. The wall was built by the Roman legionnaires, among whom there were also architects, masons or stonemasons. The components of the Roman legions had the status of Roman citizens. The soldiers who worked or carried out military activities at Hadrian's Wall came from northern Europe, there were also units brought from greater distances, made up of fighters of different nations. Among them were Asturians (from the Iberian Peninsula), Syrians and Geto-Dacians from the kingdom of Dacia, conquered by the Romans in 106. Current Romania.

[@williamwelch7]

Thanks Paul and Rebecca

[@ziggydan7854]

You should be on mainstream Tv, great stuff

[@pwhitewick]

Too kind Sir.

[@billybobbassman]

A great insight Paul. Plus already watched the race on Rebeccas channel (and you cheating getting a head start 😂)

[@anulfadventures]

It is with some sadness that the drone shots show the "Robinhood Tree" still standing. My kids loved that sycamore and recognized it easily when it appeared in "Prince of Thieves".

[@radiosnail]

Another interesting video again with a brilliant selection of music too.

[@pwhitewick]

Many thanks! Loved the music in this one too.

[@dh2032]

at 5:26, is that the tree that is no more?

[@MrGreatplum]

I’m afraid so!

[@DoomWalker42]

Truly an unsung hero!

[@pwhitewick]

Very much so.

[@bobjackson6524]

Great film that thankyou. Heading to your chanel next Rebecca thankyou. 🙌💖💖🙌

[@lindamccaughey6669]

That was incredibly interesting thanks. Please take care

[@faithlesshound5621]

I was puzzled by all this talk of "Severus," until I worked out that you meant Septimius Severus, the founder of the Severan Dynasty of Roman emperors.

[@christophernoble6810]

Let’s hear it for the Roman engineers who were responsible for the actual construction of the wall.

[@AndrewBroadbent-dr8wb]

Another really interesting vlog, many thanks.

[@pwhitewick]

Our pleasure!

[@2009numan]

I live in the North East of England there is barely any of Hadrians wall left

[@rodchallis8031]

Over 40 years ago, on a visit to the U.K. I took the train up to Perth from Manchester. I thought to keep a sharp eye out from the train for the wall. I wasn't expecting a huge wall or anything, but I did expect to see something of it. Where ever the track crossed it, I suppose it was gone. Never did see Hadrian's wall.

[@2009numan]

@@rodchallis8031 I think most of the wall has been robbed away by farmers over the years to build their walls with around fields

[@neiloflongbeck5705]

In Newcastle they smashed it up for road repairs.

[@MichaelCampin]

There are portions in Newcastle City Centre and are marked by a blue plaque near Central Station and there are further parts further out in Northumbria along the Military Road around Hexham

[@memofromessex]

@@2009numan A lot of it was used for the construction for what became the A69

[@bullettube9863]

Hadrian seemed to have a thing about walls as he ordered the construction of several outside of Britain as well. He was also said to have designed several public buildings in Rome and was responsible for rebuilding and improving various roads.

[@hainanbob6144]

Another great video. Thanks for the nod to Rebecca's nideo, for some reason I didn't get the notification for hers.

[@pwhitewick]

No worries!

[@leonardjackman354]

Thank you for your video

[@pwhitewick]

Thank you

[@allenatkins2263]

John Hodgson:" Please see my footnote, AKA, volume 2."

[@pwhitewick]

....and 3... and 4

[@Nastyswimmer]

Definitely not to keep the Scots out - they were still in Ireland. The people on both sides of the wall were Britons

[@MarkAbRobert-jv6it]

The old British chronicles tend to concur that Severus had originally constructed a wall of stone after his failed mission to subdue the northern Britons led by Fulgentius. Some claim it was rebuilt in the early 5th century prior to the Romans leaving in order to keep out the Scots Picts and Saxons who had been in alliance and had overun the wall after Magnus Maximus had takrn away all the fighting aged men to the continent for his imperial ambitions.

[@Nastyswimmer]

Even in the 5th century the Scots were in Argyll, 100 miles from the wall, the Picts were in the north of "Scotland" 100 miles from the wall and the Saxons were in the south-east of "England" 200 miles from the wall. They did eventually meet up and form alliances (but mainly to fight amongst themselves) but that was three centuries later.

[@matildamartin2811]

I read somewhere that at one time, what is now Scotland was joined to Europe. The piece of land broke away and eventually collided with what is now England . Where they fused together with such force caused a rift on which the Romans built the wall on. So it looks like they took advantage of a dividing line, which was already there.

[@Nastyswimmer]

@@matildamartin2811 Not quite - (and the following is much simplified) what is now Scotland was part of the North American continent and England was part of Europe with an ocean known as Iapetus between them. Continental drift caused the continents to collide about 450 million years ago, then about 60 million years ago the continents split apart again as the Atlantic opened up, but this time with Scotland" stuck to Europe.

[@SimonAmazingClarke]

People think that Hadrian build the stone wall in 5 years. It was, in fact an earthen wall, the stone wall was built later.

[@MarkAbRobert-jv6it]

@SimonAmazingClarke I came to that realisation through reading old chronicles and histories. Going back to Bede and other early historians Septimus Severus is credited with the walls construction in the early third century. Many chronicles also state the wall is rebuilt or at least repaired extensively in the late 4th century. The Britons called it the Gwal Sevyr. The wall of Severus. As I'm sure you know Simon neither Hadrian or Severus where dealing with Scots who at that time where still in Ireland. Severus campaigned against northern British rebels who unlike those who remained in the south would not yield to the Roman occupiers and as a result had began to hate the Romanized Britons as much if not more than their continental overlords. This wall was constructed originally to separate the Britons from each other for the sake of civility.

[@SimonAmazingClarke]

@@MarkAbRobert-jv6it Thanks for all of that. Real history is nothing like what they teach us in school. It is far more interesting

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

Great video as always, I hope you can make it up to HW perhaps we could take a stroll?

[@pwhitewick]

Absolutely. Not sure when but perhaps this summer.

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

@@pwhitewick I’ll look forward to it

[@ronpierce4224]

Ok, I now have a new favorite KZbin channel. If you do make it up to the North East, promise, the colds isn't THAT bad

[@pwhitewick]

Welcome

[@dennis2376]

That was to short. :) Very interesting, I have never heard of any these people - just the wall. Thank you.

[@pwhitewick]

There was definitely a lot more that could be added!

[@Sim0nTrains]

Brilliant Paul, enjoyed the video

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks 👍

[@RockHudrock]

3:50 - yeah, “Hadrian’s Ditch” just doesn’t have the same ring to it as “Hadrian’s Wall” 😂

[@MrMatVids]

You mentioned that it became obvious that Severus hadn’t built the wall. But why? What made it obvious that it was Hadrian? I didn’t feel that I got any real explanation in the video but perhaps I’ve misunderstood.

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

As more inscriptions began to be uncovered as the wall was investigated featured Hadrians Name and that of the new governor of the province which dated the wall closely to AD122 plus better knowledge of pottery types which change over time.

[@davidtomsett]

Just love your content, you should be on national tv.

[@pwhitewick]

Thanks David

[@heofnorenown]

2:27 chronicon isn’t the name of the historian it’s the name of the work, Jerome is the author.

[@pwhitewick]

Thank you. :-)

[@456ArmyGuy]

I love and enjoy watching you Paul and your wife Rebecca Videos. I'm a huge history fan. What roman units (Garrisons) were stationed at the wall? Was the ninth legio stationed at the wall or at York. I get confused. York is so far south away from the wall, it seems other units,aily at tye wall would march north since they are already there at the wall, the ninth should have been left at York. When the Ninth left from York, other roman units were already at the wall much further north from York unless the Roman units at the wall were decimated and riders headed south to warn those at York. Please understand I'm trying to figure this bit out, is all.

[@SecretSquirrelFun]

Alfred Heneage Cocks recorded finds like no one else around him at the time. Where exactly on the site, exactly how deep it was when found etc. While the other “archaeologists” were not much more than fame seeking treasure hunters, cocks recorded finds from a Roman villa in incredible detail. I believe that Mr Cocks and Mr Hodgens might have been great colleagues, if indeed they had ever met. I’m told by Google that the yew-den villa dig site and the amazing work of AH Cocks done in 1912 is mentioned in an episode of Digging for Britain - which I will watch after this. 🙂

[@rogink]

"Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?" Not long ago we had Paul talking about Durham coalfield railways - from Somerset. Now we have him talking about Hadrian's Wall from - Hampshire? More seriously, great video, even if the title had me assuming Paul had discovered that we were using the wrong Roman emperor's name today.

[@pwhitewick]

Haha..... well, its either that, or i'm sat behind a desk. Glad you liked the title ;-)

[@billyshane3804]

Bob Smith and David Jones built most of the wall during a work for the dole project.

[@TheLeonhamm]

Who built the surviving Cathedral at Colonge or Koeln or Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium / Oppidum Ubiorum? The chap who laid the foundation stone - von Hochstaden - or the foundations for this foundation stone = Maternus (the 'oldest' cathedral) or the old cathedral (the one that was demolished to make way for the 'new' aka (the more or less present) cathedral - or the chap under whom it was completed e.g. von Hohenzollern (i.e. Wilhelm I) - or whomsoever was around when the last parts of the re-re-construction was finished off - so far at least)? ;o)

[@martinluckybramah]

I've always wondered why The Vallum or ditch below Hadrian's Wall is on the south side of the wall? Every other ditch in a fortification like this would have been facing the enemy, so on the north side, as a first obstacle to overcome, making them vulnerable. The Vallum makes no sense to me in this context.

[@romanhistorywalks6526]

There is a north ditch on Hadrians Wall also, bear in mind the Romans occupied but not necessarily subdued the tribes completely the south. The Vallum would have marked out the military zone and provided relatively safe grazing from incursion and theft

[@MarkAbRobert-jv6it]

It was known by the Britons as the Gwal Sevyr. I once read an old antiquarian (though which one i csnt just recall) who claimed the stone wall on Hadrians "vallum" was a Roman consul called Severus Aquillus who built it and then buggered off to Illyria. Ive never read anything pre 19th century that says the wall was built by Hadrian. The stangate, vallum and forts such as Corbridge are attributed to him but never the actual wall.

[@pwhitewick]

Indeed. It was 1840 when Hogdson made the bold claim that it was ion fact Severus. Even then, I don't think anyone paid much attention.

[@MarkAbRobert-jv6it]

@pwhitewick It didn't help matters that Hadrian sent over Julius Severus to Britain to command the army. It seems at even this early date the Romano Britons of the South and the "free" Britons of the north Where hostile to each other. Apparently after Domitian the Roman yoke had softened and Trajan had given the Britons a privilige in that they could keep their "Kings". Hadrian is said to have ascented to the Britons keeping their laws. And apparently the King Marius (latinised form) had defeated an army of "Picts" on Stainmore. A victory stone was erected at the spot and was still there I believe in Camden' s time. I read somewhere that the old county of Westmorland where Stainmore is was called Westmaria in honour of this Marius said to be the son of Lucius said to be the first Christian king anywhere in Europe. Frustratingly I once read an archaic history that also detailed another Severus "Aquilius"? who was apparently sent over to protect from the Picts and Scots in the late 4th century and having successfully quelled them he is said to have refortified the broken wall. But I can't for the life of me find that book and author.

[@nickryan3417]

When I was up there the ditch and wall was described firstly as a very effective way to stop the buggers from the North stealing livestock, but secondary to this it was a warning system for after these same buggers from the North merrily came down to plunder & kill and to try and catch them - largely on their way back. It was easy for a person to get over the wall but it was near impossible for them to drive cattle and sheep back over it.

[@darylcheshire1618]

That’s why the wall was onlt four foot or so high?

[@tinovanderzwanphonocave544]

see the wall and the tree at 5:24 that's where a scene in robin hood prince of thieves was filmed in 1990-91.

[@emmabird9745]

Neither Severus nor Hadrian built the wall. It was built by a lot, I mean a really lot of slaves. The enlightened Romans wern't above getting a bit of help in, usually with a lot of persuasion! Nice video Paul.

[@andrewlamb8055]

Well done again Paul! ⚔️⚔️👏👏👍❄️

[@jamiebizness1]

Those tools chopped that tree @ 5;45 in. R.i.p tree .

[@markmuller7962]

5:27 RIP Robin Hood tree 😢

[@T_Mo271]

I just can't help feeling that this video is a fast edit of a much larger and more in-depth treatment, that we're never going to see.

[@pwhitewick]

Maybe!

[@withnail70]

Mate, out of the dozens of (very varying quality) Hadrian's Wall videos on KZbin, you have managed to produce the crappest. You introduce some interesting points about early misconceptions, get hung up on the Antonine Wall, half-explain some really confusing comparisons between them and your sources, but worst of all YOU FAIL to actually GO THERE. If you can't be *rsed to get on a train, then leave the Roman stuff to us. We've got a full time university archeology department who've been digging it up for years and we're dripping with good historians who can tell a good tale, while sitting on the indisputably signposted - real - Hadrian's Wall. Capisce ? 😉

[@pwhitewick]

Hello my dude. Just want to check you have watched the video you are commenting on. I ask because I didn't once touch on the comparisons of the walls and didn't make any points of misconceptions. Secondly... when you say "leave it..... to us". Who is "us". I'd love to know who you are representing with this comment. Thanks in advance.

[@davefrench3608]

That was a good one you two.

[@bobsrailrelics]

It's ironic that when I lived near Silchester I didn't visit the remains! They look really impressive. Great bit of research and digging (metaphorically).

[@cerealport2726]

What is it about the UK and monumental earthworks? If I spend time in the UK, will I be overcome by a burning desire to dig large ditches and mounds? Should I come prepared with a shovel?

[@mtgcardzandreview2756]

The wall was constructed for a number of reasons, one of which was to keep the troops and their general's busy with a project, less they returned with their legions to capture Rome and become Emperor.

[@StephenDavenport-zqz2ub]

This video should remind us that Rome was not built in a day, but took longer and was built by Slaves. Hadrian's Wall itself was built by the Roman Army. Today we use machinery to do our heavy work and we should therefore press on with building our new generation of nuclear power stations. Fossil fuels won't last for ever.

[@pwhitewick]

Wholey agree

[@grahamthomas6381]

I assume you meant to three as opposed to free when talking about the third volume of John Hodgson’s encyclopedia?