GÖBEKLI TEPE in context: an end - not a beginning.

[@eucliduschaumeau8813]

This is what I should be watching online, instead of the sensationalist nonsense that is ubiquitous in the media. This is blisteringly fascinating material. I studied archaeology for two years in college in the early 1980s, but it only amounted to a modest collection of antique glass, pottery and prehistoric artifacts. Keep up the good work.

[@kieranh2005]

History for Granite is another good channel

[@Osoronnophris]

ancient astronaut theorists say: "yes"

[@estherlwhittle7568]

Now we get the nitty gritty information. 😊

[@serendipidus8482]

Nice. My family were all hoarders and I cherish things like my grandads radio plus all the pay as you go payment stubbs and his accounts books. The books of messages my granny bought tea sugar milk bread. I have my great grandmothers beautiful silk dress ..looks like the dowager on Downton would wear it. I have her sewing machines too. Old nobs and knockers bits and bobs. I always felt like an archaeologist when I would enter one of the hoarded rooms and look into boxes. We had old medical books but I don't know where they went with pop up diagrams of organs you could lift the stomach ans see the liver etc. So cool. I just live history.

[@maxx1000]

I'm just glad they aren't trying to suggest that, "It might be aliens"...

[@roxiepoe9586]

You are a critical aspect of my quest to keep my brain alive. Think, think, think, question, ponder, think. I just love you!

[@DarkFire515]

Outstanding video, both in terms of the informative content and also the videography! This is exactly why TPG is one of my favourite history channels on YT.

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

THat's great to hear - thanks for that 😊 M.

[@phillipstroll7385]

I also enjoyed the content with one exception. There is absolutely no way in hell this was built by hunters & gatherers. I know because I grew up as one for a time. In the early 70s my parents bought land on the newly formed Kentucky lake. They bought 1000 acres of lakefront property. We moved there in 71. There was no telephone, no electric, no neighbors, no stores, nothing. Nothing but trees & water. We came with a boat, a chainsaw, a camper van, some gardening tools and seeds. The first year's we lived as hunters & gatherers while we were turning some land into that which we could garden. We even had the advantages of fishing and ammo and yet we couldn't gather enough food to keep energy levels up enough to build our home. That's with the added bonus of having all materials already manufactured, cut, delivered nails, concrete etc. We didn't need to carve stone, move it, etc. We ended up hiring ppl to clear cut an acre after a year of that nonsense. It took every member of the family to hunt, fish, gather berries, persimmons, apples, nuts. That's back before the government removed all the food bearing trees from land. So we had it easier than those people would have had it and we still couldn't keep energy levels up high enough to do anything other than procure food. Once we got the garden going and harvesting vegetables and supplemented that with eggs from our chickens, fish, game etc then and only then were we able to begin building. So don't let these ppl feed you a line a bs. These ppl were not doing all this while gathering leaves and eating mice.

[@BenM158]

What an excellent start. When you guys first mentioned this idea of Gobekli Tepe to Stonehenge I was excited but after watching this I feel like you're making something truly unique that I've wanted to see for a long time, and making it exactly how it should be made. I also like the idea of it being an end instead of a beginning, as that's not something I've given much thought. It really puts things in a different perspective and makes you think about these people in a different way.

[@tankej]

My sentiments exactly. Bravo you guys! I can't wait for the next installments.

[@jasonwestra4530]

I LOVED the fact that the presenters were just... in AWE of the weight of TIME, and that people were there! What tickles my curiosity... as we can see the evolution of pyramids in Egypt, from mastabas, to stacked mastabas, to the bent pyramid to Giza... what were the steps towards Gobekli Tepe? How long had it been evolving? People doing stuff together! And the idea that Neolithic were "hunter gatherers" were NOT primitive, just lacking a McDonalds. Lol Bravo, gents... thank you, and all your crew! Bravo.

[@AncientArchitects]

What a fantastic video. I was there 2 weeks ago - for the first time - and I loved it. And I saw Sayburç and Karahan Tepe too. Superb.

[@chitacarlo]

Hi Matt! Yours videos are fantastic!

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

Hi Matt! Great to hear from you. Thank you so much! It's hard to think it's coming up to a year since we were there - maybe we should compare notes sometime. M.

[@aidanmacdougall9250]

@@AncientArchitects would love to hear you all do a video together! 😃🙏

[@AncientArchitects]

⁠@@ThePrehistoryGuysHappy to share any footage / pictures you’re interested in too. We should meet over a pint some time!

[@robertc.4609]

I always like seeing a channel I love posting on another channel. Thank you both channels for all your work.

[@judithmacfadzen9516]

Seeing Rupert's face when he first saw Gobekli Tepe made me cry for his totally awesome reaction!! ❤

[@jaynehorn151]

These discoveries in Turkey and surrounds are totally fascinating and I feel thrilled to see them discovered in my lifetime.

[@theobserver9131]

Good on them for inviting you in! I’m sure I’d be as touched by the awesomeness of the place as you were. Thanks for sharing this with us!

[@stuant63]

One of the best channels on KZbin, this. You guys produce some really great stuff. Thanks.

[@nurisk873]

When i saw the Gobekli Tepe first time I was awe shocked with the vast, enormous size of the site. That site is masterly engineered in complex work and task forces , labourships from the pepple to megalitic rock.

[@AmandaCan]

This video, your insights, your footage, is incredible. I feel so inspired by this. Truly life changing revelations. Thank you for all of your work.

[@rockinbobokkin7831]

This was excellent. I've been trying to keep up with your narratives, questions and explorations of this region and time for quite a while. I look forward to seeing more.

[@ArturdeSousaRocha]

Fantastic video. This is the first time I have seen the place from that perspective and in such detail.

[@susanscovell4626]

I like this format guys. Photos are so crisp. Also I also really enjoy finding out anything new about the Natufians. Thanks !!

[@paulappleton5812]

Loved seeing you walk amoung the pillars and seeing the details

[@rodsayers6963]

I was there yesterday and agree what a wonderful site. I can’t wait to revisit in 10 years time. The finds displayed in Urfa museum are stunning

[@ArcaneUniverse-24]

4:01 - Wow, I love the way you described this ancient artifact 🗺 It felt like I was right there discovering it!

[@stevehodder179]

Excellent video. Thank you for providing some much needed context and perspective. The best thing I have seen you do.

[@rootsradic]

Great work as always. Succinct update for anyone who hasn’t kept up to date with the work at the site.

[@lwhitaker4054]

Very well presented and information. Food for thought. Pushes me to learn more. Thanks!

[@antonyjh1234]

I saw this as just a huge entertaining area, with the log supports long gone and the timber framing I could see a performing stage, somewhere for important people to sit, the downstairs room was the green room, the preparation room and with timber on top could see the path to entry and where all the people would sit.

[@curtisnixon5313]

Where was the bar?

[@antonyjh1234]

@@curtisnixon5313 The whole bloody place, you sat in place and those charming slaves bring it to you then might be sacrificed, all very entertaining but I'm hoping this was just for the arts.

[@colinking3477]

That was quite refreshing to hear people talk a much more nuanced transition to a farming existence, rather than hunting woolly mamoths and big game until suddenly farming arrived and changed everything.

[@hugodesrosiers-plaisance3156]

Only just last night I was reading up on the newer findings about Göbekli Tepe and the other similar sites and discussing it with a friend. And this morning you guys drop this amazing video. ❤

[@josephwarren6093]

What’s are the latest findings?

[@MrGaborseres]

I'm just about your age or a few years younger, I'm happy that you made it to all these marvelous sites 🙂......time is precious.....I'm sure this was one big one on your bucket list 💪👍👍👍

[@AndyJarman]

Four times the age of stone henge and people nonchalantly prodding animal sculptures with their fingers!

[@stevenwbrubaker]

Great work you two. Well worth the coffees I bought. Upwards and onwards.

[@aidanmacdougall9250]

Wow, fabulous and so informative. Glad to hear the archaeologist say that there's still unknown technologies that they may have had, which is something I have always believed and wondered. So much bone and wooden artifacts destroyed, hoping that just 1 may turn up some day. 👍🗿🌝

[@travisgoesthere]

You heard something like "advanced technology" but nothing of the sort was suggested ,Graham

[@aidanmacdougall9250]

@@travisgoesthere no I heard unknown technologies! 👂

[@lyarrastark6254]

Brilliant video. Thank you. You gave me a lot of fodder for thought.

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

Glad to hear it. Thank you 😊 M.

[@thejuliakitchen]

I’m always amazed that these scientists studiously avoid using the term “land management.” Living that close to the land for millennia watching how things grow “What grows together goes together” it seems that they cultivated large food forests like the Native Americans, taking advantage of, as they said, of hundreds of native grains and legumes.

[@astridadler6467]

Yes managing grassland and so herds,managing water and foodforests. The way to abundance.

[@markbranigan]

Thank you, Michael and Rupert. Wonderful as always.

[@SouthTexasGirl56]

An ending! I love how this information calibrated my assumptions & timelines about prehistory. Wonderful film. Thank you!

[@caroletomlinson5480]

Wonderful probing into how this intelligent species, humans, gradually learned to live with its environment and to improve upon it. I’m so happy to see you going beyond the Neolithic to see its development. Environments changed in those years 23,000-10,700 ya (not to mention earthquakes in that region), and it’s fascinating to take a look at the evidence of human adaptation. I cannot help but add: we hopefully have the ingenuity to continue to adapt, what with our presently changing environments (and destructive wars). So glad to be a small Patreon supporter❤

[@morwennalake5520]

Brilliant video. I love hearing about our ancestors and how clever they were.

[@baarbacoa]

Native americans required thousands of years domesticate maize. But at the beginning of that period, they were cultivating wild plant species. I personally think it likely that the people who created Göbekli Tepe were farming wild plants on a large scale. But because the plants were not yet domesticated, and the evidence is buried or no longer in existence, we haven't detected it.

[@driveboy317]

look up einkhorn wheat

[@qwertyuiopgarth]

I expect that the people who built Gobekli Tepe did not distinguish between 'religion', 'culture', 'power structure', 'subsistence activities', 'hobbies', and 'being impressive' in quite the same ways that we do. I also expect that they had been modifying their local environment for a long time, and gradually getting more detailed about it. Lots and lots of facilitating maximum production of wild plants/animals, and a bit of introducing a few things here and there. Humans always mess about with their environment, they can't help it.

[@jacekgulczynski5313]

So nice to see and hear You again ❤

[@toi_techno]

Incredible skill and determination to make something amazing for themselves We're not a bad animal when we behave ourselves and stop attacking each other

[@kariannecrysler640]

I love the idea that these were the tipping points of innovation & not the innovation itself. 💯💗

[@philiprowney]

Yes, today I find a better way to split stone and it spreads like a virus, mostly because others do not want to be left out ;-) Always the same, always changing ;-)

[@kariannecrysler640]

@@philiprowney but are you still dry? 🤭

[@jeremygilbert7190]

This is a fantastic video. Love what you guys are doing, keep up the good work!

[@janegreen9340]

What I take from this is how much technological progress has been made by mankind in the last 300 years compared to the pre history times. Astounding, but maybe we’re too clever for our own good. Fascinating stuff.

[@katrussell6819]

Reminds me of Palenque in Mexico. They have T shaped windows and door openings.

[@philiprowney]

17:25 - When you mention the massive variety of plants that was consumed it struck a cord. I am an over 50 who went through primitivism in his 40's. [ semi=retired from tech and went a bit 'apeman' ] I survived with many lessons, the least of them was that the local biodiversity was not enough for full survival. [ Fenland farms around, few open grounds for large patches of wild species ] I still have abs in my 50's from yoga though ;-)

[@DiamondDan2584]

great video and it may have been the end of an era. I am sure we have much more to discover.

[@YaSminCreaTes]

Hearing peoples voices expecially hearing children call out mummy mummy really gave me a sense of it been a bustling settlement

[@philiprowney]

I loved the format of this, change is not always bad ;-)

[@permabroeelco8155]

The house at 11:40 is oval, wile the others I saw were rectangular. In other sites in the Levant the oval and circular predate the square and rectangular houses. If this was here also the case, could the large oval special buildings hint at a memory of an earlier period, like the (much much later) Kiva in the rectangular Pueblo structures in the southwest of the US hinted at the round earth houses of their ancestors, as this was also the special building.

[@chiperchap]

Prehistory guy's. Surprised you've not referenced those amazing guys before! Great stuff

[@chiperchap]

Sorry I got confused I'm not getting notifications I thought this was a repost by ancient architects. Guys I'm buy a coffee and patron but I'm never getting notifications or updates 😭

[@MISTERASMODEUS]

I love this. Its so important to speak out in honesty and supported evidence to people who are interested.

[@Reuben-h7g]

Good stuff.

[@janina8559]

One Man was able to build Coral Castle so it doesn’t shock me that a whole civilization could build Gobekli Tepe 🤷🏼‍♀️. Humans have just forgotten a technology that is probably so simple we can’t fathom it.

[@scottfoster3548]

AH I remember the Old days with grandpa we would track and hunt the last of the mammoth and process down to movable sections DOWN to Gobekli Tepe for final processing that was all those different buildings each had a separate animal or part which told you what they processed there. THEN we would take the items down Mesopotamia way and trade with the farmers down there for BEER. My wild and reckless youth NOW I fear we are all farmers.

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

Yep. Beer at the source of everything we reckon. 🤣 M.

[@Wyatt1314.]

Wow. Definitely NOT.

[@scottfoster3548]

@@Wyatt1314. YEA and later we enlisted the herder/horse/cart dudes SO AS to utilize their new thingy The Cart and transport even more BEER back. YOU did not do the same thing YOU must be from the boy fingernail polishing group we passed on the way. HUH.

[@theresagomez2605]

​@@scottfoster3548😂 the good ol' days.

[@MF-fk3yb]

Great video as always.

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

Appreciated - thank you! M.

[@andrewlamb8055]

Just Fabulous Guys … Thank you both … long live the Pre-History Guys for explaining on a level the we sub-humans can understand 👏👏🏆🍷🙏🙏😎

[@weethree2070]

Brilliant, thank you! This should really give people a feel for what it's like to be there - you always do this so well. And maybe this helps everyone's sense of realism, dispelling some of the clouds of all-too mythical thinking.

[@tpboeh]

“We don’t know who they were… or what they were doing” 😉

[@estherlwhittle7568]

Another archeologist has suggested that these were food storage venues. Interesting idea.

[@AndreePoitras]

There is a lot of sites like this one very near. This site is part of a large whole.

[@AmandaCan]

You guys are AMAZING! Keep it up

[@claudiaxander]

Awesome, Epic , Gorgeous, Brilliant!!! Cheers!

[@ThePrehistoryGuys]

Aw - thank you! Made me smile 😊 M.

[@claudiaxander]

@@ThePrehistoryGuys Always an absolute joy, thanks so much for all your enlightenment 😊

[@ChambersWineandTravel]

Great work! Excellent presentation. New sub.

[@gerrycolverson7284]

Thank you so much for a brilliant video. It answers and rebuts so much of the false narratives that are being spread in social media. I have two questions if I may. First, has geophysics been used on the site to see what is below the surface or is the geology and depth making this impossible? Second, can I post the link to this video when I am rebutting some of the strange ideas some people have on FaceBook?

[@bonnieskilton3247]

Tas Tepeler was a grouping of 12, pre-pottery sites, of hunter-gathers who were also GARDENERS.. These sites were organized around the Harran Plain, from which they took wild seasonally ripening GROCERIES. . . It was wetter then. Grasslands we’re able to support a sedentary population with suppers of wild game, grain and veggies. BEER was also on the menu as well as honey and foul. Good living I’d say. Infants lived, old folks no longer went hungry… and the mating was probably very advantageous.

[@johnthomas845]

Wonderful! Thank you.

[@cakakic1988]

Wow! This episode explained so much! Thank you for this new knowledge!

[@rich9697]

Very well done and very much needed

[@chucklearnslithics3751]

Nothing at Gobekle-tepe says to me that they are the first to be doing the things they're doing. The stone work shaping and carving, the wild grain grinding, the water collection. This doesn't seem like their first attempt at these lifeways to me.

[@lcmlcm2460]

I would love to see this place in person

[@bref5532]

Fascinating, eye-opening and wonderful video. Thanks.

[@garafanvou6586]

I just got gobeklitepe’d. I actually felt the magic BBC Horizon once had.

[@tracyeaves4847]

If you look at the excavated areas showing more un excavated area it appears the stones are placed carefully suggesting buried on purpose. Stones are not randomly piled up, but an orderly appearance!

[@charleskelly1887]

If the site was next to a migratory route for massive herds, they could have collected enough surplus to allow for time and energy to be diverted from finding food to building centers to process the yearly collection.

[@troygaspard6732]

Our great great great ancestors continue to amaze us. It goes on and on and on.

[@southerncatlady6680]

Wow! Fascinating. I gad no idea this architecture went back so many years.

[@laurenraine]

Fascinating, thank you! I remember that it is pretty much established that environmental depletion and ultimately starvation was what ended the great ceremonial center of the Anasazi ("ancient ones") at Chaco Canyon in the Southwestern U.S. Jared Diamond in his book "Collapse" suggests that this was the cause of the collapse of the Mayan Empire as well.

[@elizabethmcglothlin5406]

Marvelous

[@petejones7532]

Great video!

[@FilmFloozy]

Terrific!

[@annepoitrineau5650]

This is mind blowing. Hancock eat your shorts: we don't need Atlanteans and aliens. It is us and the Neanderthals we hybridised with.

[@Wyatt1314.]

You dumb bastard. Graham Hancock has written 1000's of pages about a lost civilization, exactly what this is. Who told you he believes in ancient aliens. And, Atlantis is one theory. Which is actually history, my history not yours, you are an idiot, who probably came from apes. So shoo go crawl in a cave somewhere.

[@strummy77]

Yeah but aren’t these the guys that were telling us just a few years ago that human civilisation began 6000 years ago calling those who disagreed cranks?

[@annepoitrineau5650]

@@strummy77 No: scientists call nobody cranks. They say now and said then: show us the evidence please. They base their conclusions on available evidence, and if there is evidence forthe conclusions to change, they will change them. For example: we are now witnessing a complete re-assessment of Neanderthals. Previous "knowledge" was based on lack of evidence as well as prejudice against non-sapiens. We now have new evidence, and we are also much more able to re-assess our opinions of non-sapiens as we re-assess the history/consequences of colonisation.

[@atypical1000]

@@strummy77 No a lot of those Natufian sites they mentioned have been known about for a very long time. If anyone was called a crank it would have been for the ridiculous reasoning and "evidence" behind their assertions. It's not what your theory is but how you come up with it.

[@twolaneasphalt4459]

Hancock's a babbling buffoon!

[@gordonf.woodbine7588]

Gets one thinking about all the other potential ancient settlements yet to be discovered and excavated that stretch back many millennia.

[@goodenglishsongs]

I was there Dec 2023. Unforgettable experience

[@matt_cummins28]

Absolutely fascinating, thanks very much.

[@lordphil456]

Imagine all the painful work accidents that must have happened

[@Reginaldesq]

Which makes one wonder. Who could wield such power or influence to get people to do the work.

[@revolutionhamburger]

Prehistoric people had not yet invented the concept of "work." Of course they had lots of free time for fun and games and jewelry making.

[@AndyJarman]

I think you guys could learn a lot from the culture of people who still live here in Western Australia. I can put you in touch with local archeologists who are studying cultivation of yams in seasonally flooded gardens by pre contact Aboriginal people. The diversity of food sources they draw upon and the depth of moral and utility contained in their mythology is very instructional to a Western mind. The New Atheist movement of ten years ago is currently going through a stage of understanding and reappraisal by its advocates. The lines Westerners have drawn between myth, morality, animal husbandry and intergenerational wisdom is only now becoming recognised as a very strange cultural innovation that may well have created as much blindness as enlightenment. Over in Tasmania the precontact Aboriginal people actually stopped fishing after a period when they used to make fish hooks out of shells. So many insights into the multi layered tidal fashion of cultures and social structures.

[@kidmohair8151]

Gobekli Tepe may very well have been an end to a particular way of life, an end that could have resonated for a few millennia after it was "decommissioned" (if that is the correct way to put what happened). it is conceivable that folk memory of their successors in Mesopotamia would tell tales of their forebears who built wonderful things out of stone, and lived a life alongside the gods of old, or who may have been gods themselves. such tales would inspire those successors to try to emulate them. particularly once agriculture had been as you fellows put it, "sorted".

[@michaelfleming4015]

The “Hunter Gatherer” is a wonderful term. It makes me think of how Native Americans husbanded the forests. The early European colonists didn’t really understand what they were looking at. But in their notebooks they wrote about how wonderful the forests were, because first, the forest floors were clear and easy to walk through, and everywhere you go there’s a huge variety of good things to eat. They didn’t understand that the Native Americans had been managing it for thousands of years. I’m sure the area around Gobekli Tepe was very similar. It’s not farming that you would recognize unless you appreciate what you’re looking at.

[@theobserver9131]

Thanks for dispelling The myth about it being a temple that was deliberately buried. I am no expert, but that never felt right to me.

[@ronald3836]

I wouldn't call that one a myth but a theory (which by now seems to have been disproved).

[@weethree2070]

It was definitely not intentionally buried - but I think the jury's still out on whether it was a "temple" or not - my bet is on a multifunctional gathering space for things including ritual but other activities as well. If that sounds like sitting on the fence, well, maybe that's exactly what they were doing!

[@Reginaldesq]

@@weethree2070 I agree. Could have been almost anything except domestic housing. Could have been a place to sacrifice people, throw in a leopard and watch it kill your enemies for entertainment, maybe a court house, where wrong doers were brought before a leader for judgement. It seems it was definitely designed to impress and would have been very expensive to have built, so, I guess whatever it was. it was designed to influence the population in some way.

[@benlyman3771]

Do you think they were collecting all those cereal grains to make bread, or maybe those large stone bowls were for dropping water, cereal, and hot stones into to make porridge? They are large for stone bowls, but not large enough to use for storage unless you find dozens of them together.

[@RonaldSaylor]

The natural abundance of wild grains determined the locations of these sights. It’s as if nature was doing the farming for them. They developed the culture necessary to provide other foods, storage, water, shelter, etc. to sustain permanent sedentary settlements where the wild grains were already abundant. Over the years these settlers would have recognized the conditions that produced the most abundant harvests. Farming began when these grains were gathered and perhaps transported to less desirable sites and artificially cultivated using human knowledge and ingenuity to create better conditions for abundant growth.

[@mihliv]

Great Video, thanks! Göbekli Tepe is spelt incorrectly for the last chapter of the vid, it is spelt as "Goöbekli Tepe: an end not a beginning".

[@lupindeweir]

WOW! Just wow guys, thank you!!

[@adam-k]

I think the part of most people miss is the vast span of time Gobekli Tepe existed. The entire site could have been built by a single extended family who built a couple of enclosures every decade or so. Not that I am suggesting that's how it happened.

[@danielx555]

One thing that makes human beings different from other animals is that we eat concentrated food sources. We stop spending all of our waking hours putting things into her mouths like our primate cousins, instead getting our nutrition from ground up grass seed and nuts and flesh and high calorie high protein high carbohydrate foods. We learned how to do things to food to make it last longer, such as salt or drying or fermenting. I think of this near the end of the video when you are talking about how Stone age people did not spend all of their time scrounging for food. I think that's one reason why human beings benefited from culture and social organization. Division of labor allows a small band of people to get enough food on hand, then spend a lot of their time talking and sharing time together and experiencing cultural interaction. I also marvel at how recent all of this is. I know 10,000 or 23,000 years feels like a long time, but it's literally almost nothing when you compare it to the age of the planet or cosmic time in general. Our ancestors figured out how to get more free time, then how to fill that free time.

[@braddbradd5671]

If there is wheat nearby they could chop down the trees and dig out all the weeds and bushes in a couple of years youv got your self a wheat field and with a bit of management you could farm it naturally

[@Reginaldesq]

Sort of. My understanding is that early on many of the grains were tiny in comparison to modern grain, also maybe slower growing etc. Hundreds to thousands of years of selective breeding make a big difference. Early attempts at farming were probably a mixed bag success and failure.

[@braddbradd5671]

@@Reginaldesq That could occur naturally by setting side a field im sure even after a couple of years the crops will improve in numbers, It will only take one clever kid to say im gona grow this plant again cos the grains are bigger and we made nice bread ..Im sure they were more clever than we make out ..They must know if this tree has big apples the apple seed will grow into a tree with the same size apples

[@Reginaldesq]

@@braddbradd5671 Maybe. It can depend on lots of stuff. Things that seem logical because we have prior knowledge may have been unnoticed at the time. Also culture can play a big part. If you worship a god (lets say the fruit god) and that god makes the apples, then it might be considered heresy to plant a seed (so you think yourself better than god). Galileo, faced similar obstacles (as a way of demonstrating its not unusual).

[@walterulasinksi7031]

To understand what a site like Gobekli Tepe is, requires that one gives up the notion that those who built the site were unintelligent beings. From a sociological standpoint, we know that during the time of the site, it was a time of great changes. Societies were changing from being Hunter-Gatherer clans into those that could become more sedentary, with the realization that food stuffs if various kinds could be grown in certain places. And with this realization, new technologies were becoming abundant. While some traditionally trained archeologists still cling to the notions of religious or ritualistic connotations for such sites, it becomes untenable as no societies build so many temples right next to each other. With respect that despite size differences, the basic form is the same. There us one comparison that can be made. Only in one type of place, do we find or expect to find such replication of form. That is at an educational site. It argues a difference from a ritualistic site such as Stonehenge/ Woodhendge on the Salisbury plain. There is another site that can be used as a comparison though from a much later date. That is of Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon in the southwest of the USA. The current Puebloean tribes still use similar types of structures . These are the Kivas. Hopi and Zuni elders would explain that these can be an equivalent to a classroom. There is no reason to believe that various clans , having their own knowledge and experience could not have contact or come together to have a central place where all types of knowledge could be exchanged. Nor should the notion of extreme combativeness, being the result of clans having certain types of knowledge. Hominids of the Homo genre, have a higher capacity for cooperation and sharing than most of the Ape/ monkey genres. One way that this becomes evident is in inter-special relationships. With such relationships being possible, the domestication of other species, became practical. For the time of Gobekli Tepe, being able to pass on such knowledge would benefit all, as it meant less work for all concerned and the beginning of specialization and trade, even to the establishment of inter clan relationships and the extension of available breeding partners.

[@Reginaldesq]

1) The notion of people being unintelligent beings just 10,000 to 20,000 years ago was dispelled a long time ago. Homo Sapien approx 300,000 years. Neanderthal, Denisovan etc probably all quite intelligent. Even Homo Erectus and Heidelbergensis were probably far from stupid. 2) Many cultures have built multiple sites (temple districts) in one area.

[@walterulasinksi7031]

@ unfortunately, even today, many are deluded into thinking that only we are intelligent snd our ancestors did not have our capacities. And while true that a later date some societies created temple districts, Eg: Thebes, these temples were not as close together. It is generally accepted that archaic and ancient clans/ societies would attribute anything they could not explain to a”God”. Such attributions had the result that very few would have power over the clan/ society. It could have also been the beginning of the division between the power of violence versus the power of psychological control.

[@paulwilson6511]

First harvesting of wheat. First time someone left a bowl of wheat out in the rain. Someone tried to eat it anyway after it was spoilt. And they got drunk and thought that was great. Gobekli could actually be the first beer pubs.

[@toddtalbott8243]

Awesome 👍👍👍👍👍

[@cathrinaugusti1052]

Very nice video. :-)

[@rickaguilar1833]

I believe that these "temples" were actually either trading posts or places for clan gathering places