QuakeCon 2012 - John Carmack Keynote

  Рет қаралды 355,185

QuakeCon Official

QuakeCon Official

Күн бұрын

Пікірлер: 797
@ColinZeal01
@ColinZeal01 12 жыл бұрын
"I´m sick so my voice may give out" - goes on talking for 3,5 hours. King.
@rrohitamalan
@rrohitamalan 4 жыл бұрын
lol
@grigmaster9264
@grigmaster9264 3 жыл бұрын
this is a dude who doesn't dislikes to listen to himself , but indeed thats ordinary fact knowing that much about so many things :D
@jarg7
@jarg7 2 жыл бұрын
or liar
@wasnotnecessary8305
@wasnotnecessary8305 Жыл бұрын
@@jarg7 gigachad
@jimmybailey7198
@jimmybailey7198 Жыл бұрын
When you're a programmer AND an orator hahaha
@Daracus
@Daracus 12 жыл бұрын
"I want to apologize to all of you here especially is how badly we did on the PC space...." Many in this industry seem to defend poor choices with a bitter stubbornness, however you sir did the responsible thing and admitted your faults. Thank you Carmack.
@icebough4191
@icebough4191 4 жыл бұрын
Daracus just wait 7 years and look at what Bethesda is doing now😂
@cheesemccheese5780
@cheesemccheese5780 3 жыл бұрын
@@icebough4191 lol. Yeah.
@fullauto86
@fullauto86 7 ай бұрын
Yeah legendary move in game marketing and connection with community. He’s a straight up dude ya gotta love him.
@daimyo2
@daimyo2 10 жыл бұрын
if John Carmack writes a book itll be 10000000000000 pages long
@Sp1derFingers
@Sp1derFingers 9 жыл бұрын
+daimyo2 I would read every page
@daimyo2
@daimyo2 9 жыл бұрын
Sp1derFingers agreed. Would surely be worth it :D
@rodri_gl
@rodri_gl 5 жыл бұрын
i wish he wrote a computer graphics and physics book. but i guess we'll have to do with his legacy of code
@iamlordstarbuilder5595
@iamlordstarbuilder5595 4 жыл бұрын
Base 10 or base 2?
@staseband
@staseband 10 жыл бұрын
He somehow manages to always be talking about something super interesting and relevant yet you have no idea how he got to that particular point lol
@jollyneuron
@jollyneuron 2 жыл бұрын
Or what he's actually talking about, for that matter. Yet he makes me feel like i understand it somehow. If I had to reproduce any last 3 sentences at any point in time i would completely blank out haha.
@ESPIRITUS_A
@ESPIRITUS_A Жыл бұрын
Yeah like, people who have quantum-computing levels of brainpower rarely have good communication skills (or context to be people-friendly), but here you go
@JackWse
@JackWse 3 ай бұрын
Yeah I was thinking about that around the 20-minute mark, he's changed so many topics.. he allows time to rant and tangent, but he's good at it, he's so good at it he always comes back to a final point.. But he allows himself to space to get there in a way that I am jealous. Also I've not had any trouble following this at all.. I've had to go back a few times when I missed a relevant number or something about what he was talking about.. But like.. I've been listening to this for 2 and 1/2 hours at this point and it's just flowed exceptionally.. I've seen him do the 5-hour interview with like lex, but holy shit... I didn't realize you could do 3 and 1/2 hours by himself... This is like what my inner thoughts sound like except from somebody that is capable, and influential and stuff.
@BornRuffian1
@BornRuffian1 12 жыл бұрын
Carmack reminds me of my favorite teachers. He's passionate about what he does, and it shows, and it makes listening to him soooo much easier.
@tomhaswell6283
@tomhaswell6283 3 жыл бұрын
He just walks up that stage and talks about interesting stuff for 3 1/2 hours straight. He's so cool.
@elcapitan6126
@elcapitan6126 10 ай бұрын
indeed something we can all aspire to do. it's energising and motivating
@HelderP1337
@HelderP1337 11 жыл бұрын
This guy is my life's inspiration and one of the main reasons I work in this hard but beautiful industry!
@coldscooter
@coldscooter 4 ай бұрын
11 years later, how did it work out?
@HelderP1337
@HelderP1337 4 ай бұрын
@@coldscooter So far, so good! I'm scratching 40 and life sure is testing me now, both personally and professionally, but deffo can't complain. Back in 2014 I was part of a small incubation team, the game went on to turn into a big franchise, called Overwatch. Now, I'm still employed in the games industry (not at Blizzard anymore though) and nearly done with my indie game, called Europa. Out in about a month on Steam and Switch after more than 6 years working on it part-time, please look it up!
@onimotoko
@onimotoko 11 жыл бұрын
John is so honest. He really is a gaming hero.
@AstralFrost
@AstralFrost 11 жыл бұрын
This is fascinating. And he is a skilled speaker to be able to speak nonstop for 3 hours 36 minutes. I love listening to him talk about these various technical subjects.
@mitsuracer87
@mitsuracer87 7 жыл бұрын
Astral Frost thought this was a troll post, then I fast forwarded the video to the end and yep..he's still talking
@SageManeja
@SageManeja 9 жыл бұрын
holy shit he doesnt stop seriously how does he not get tired
@themodfather9382
@themodfather9382 3 жыл бұрын
Genetic rarity.
@newsmansuper2925
@newsmansuper2925 3 жыл бұрын
so somwhere at the neurone receptor level, some of hist synapse gates are bulit a little diffrent that gives it a better gain than average so it seems normal, or an enzyme level if going just a bit fater so you dont get the build up of byproducts you don't need and keep regen the one you do need.
@codenocode
@codenocode 6 ай бұрын
@@themodfather9382 you mean "built different"?
@thatlonzoguy
@thatlonzoguy 2 жыл бұрын
John "on there" Carmack, the man, the myth, the legend. Joking aside, this man truly is a visionary and pioneer. I am thankful for all he has done for gaming
@dagrimmreepa
@dagrimmreepa 12 жыл бұрын
I grew up with Wolf 3D, Doom and Quake. Literally. Those games were all I played from 6-12 years old, then I started branching off... I knew every single secret in Quake, Doom and Doom 2, and I didn't read them anywhere, it was only through repetitive play and trial and error. This man is the greatest gift to gaming. Gaming would not be where it's at today without him. I can listen to this man talk non stop, forever.
@VersionBest
@VersionBest 11 жыл бұрын
Love listening to him talk. Makes me feel smarter for some reason.
@TileWonder
@TileWonder 12 жыл бұрын
I don't think you guys know how happy I was when I saw that instead of the regular 1-1 and a half hour keynote, that it's actually 3 and half hours! Tears of joy! I love listening to this man! :,)
@masterchief258
@masterchief258 12 жыл бұрын
I felt bad walking out a little bit into the questions, but I had to drive back to North Dallas. I was towards the front and I was surprised each time I turned around and saw how many had left before he started taking questions.
@CosimoGames
@CosimoGames 4 ай бұрын
listening to John Carmack talk keeps me going. A man doing what he loves doing. A Honest man. My Inspiration. My Hero.
@juanmilanese
@juanmilanese 12 жыл бұрын
This was the most amazing keynote i've seen in my life. A real eye opener. VR tech seems like a real interesting road for things to go. Carmack is still the man.
@ironbellystudios
@ironbellystudios 12 жыл бұрын
This man is the greatest geek alive. The breadth of his hobbies and knowledge are unbelievable.
@808GT
@808GT 3 жыл бұрын
Talking about 120hz displays in VR 10 years ago. This man is lightyears ahead of his tech.
@com315
@com315 12 жыл бұрын
Carmack is a legend because he is a programmer really can talk, more than create legendary games .
@thecprogrammer
@thecprogrammer Жыл бұрын
Still watching carmack in 2023 and I love it
@DomeCandyGames
@DomeCandyGames 12 жыл бұрын
He's so honest and candid. He doesn't talk like he's trying to sell you something and yet, as soon as his prototype goes to production I want one.
@TheCollos1
@TheCollos1 12 жыл бұрын
I love how Carmack is so passionate about what he does. Keep on doing what you do man
@kespec
@kespec 11 жыл бұрын
i can listen this guy forever
@megamancards
@megamancards 12 жыл бұрын
I'm a programmer and I wish I had a boss like this guy. He really understands the world of the coder - something that management so often lacks.
@BringYourBallsCanada
@BringYourBallsCanada 12 жыл бұрын
2023: John Carmack creates Union Aerospace Corporation 2145: Union Aerospace Corporation creates a portal to hell
@diegopaper1
@diegopaper1 5 жыл бұрын
to hell's gate
@MixologistMilo
@MixologistMilo 4 жыл бұрын
BringYourBallsCanada SKYNET!!
@HonsHon
@HonsHon 4 жыл бұрын
@@MixologistMilo The demons would make mince meat of skynet.
@alexczrs
@alexczrs 3 жыл бұрын
Romero waiting on the icon
@G_Sergeant
@G_Sergeant 3 жыл бұрын
We're getting close to the year of UAC foundation
@eldiegoasecas
@eldiegoasecas 6 ай бұрын
I've only recently (weeks) listened to a speech by him and now i can't stop. In most cases he's talking about things i have absolutely no knowledge about but he makes it approachable and understandable. I'm a big fan of this man.
@ghost32839
@ghost32839 11 жыл бұрын
hes the only person I can listen to for hours without getting bored or falling asleep on there
@redboycaptures
@redboycaptures 4 жыл бұрын
..."on there" i see what you did there mate
@chrll
@chrll Жыл бұрын
At 27:49, he said about the BFG mounted flashlight: "We had a bunch of people come out and say "No, you are destroying the ambience of the original game", and there is something to that, to the sort of, you know, masochistic sense of running through the game like that. But the game is a lot more fun when you can see and appreciate what's in there."
@iLikeTheUDK
@iLikeTheUDK 12 жыл бұрын
@zilkoify Yup, and that's pretty ironic, too - The whole advantage of the Commander Keen engine was that it allowed something that was previously exclusive to consoles to run on PCs. And now, 22 years later, he's reversing the process.
@GAment_11
@GAment_11 12 жыл бұрын
I skipped an hour at a time.........and he's still sitting in the same chair. Like the pic never changed. This place is great!
@Banano79
@Banano79 12 жыл бұрын
John Carmack is on there
@kingluke2
@kingluke2 12 жыл бұрын
Fascinating stuff! Really appreciate his engineer's honesty and clearheadedness.
@olau82
@olau82 12 жыл бұрын
Great talk! Thanks for posting! I love how people in the audience ask a cautious question and Carmack delivers a great set of interesting thoughts on the spot. :)
@HelderP1337
@HelderP1337 11 жыл бұрын
at 3:04:55 wow, it actually looks like the room is half empty? Man I would get in like hours to have the honor to hear Carmack for 3 hours.
@icebough4191
@icebough4191 4 жыл бұрын
Helder Pinto I know right?!
@Fuchsia_tude
@Fuchsia_tude 2 жыл бұрын
Surprising to see only a few dozen people in the audience, at least by the Q&A session at the end.
@RosszCsillag
@RosszCsillag 10 жыл бұрын
Carmack drinking game: Drink whenever he says "on there" or some conjugation thereof.
@mario64amazing
@mario64amazing 10 жыл бұрын
i remember watching this live and we had a count of all the times he said "on there" we counted up to 300
@andrejkiss
@andrejkiss 10 жыл бұрын
We might wind up being drunk.
@TheKingoftheriff
@TheKingoftheriff 5 жыл бұрын
He probably struggles with english because C++ is his native language.
@Aetherbyte
@Aetherbyte 12 жыл бұрын
This dude is the reason I even program games. He's legendary. Watching this video is the best 3.5 hours I've spent in a long time.
@magickfantasy
@magickfantasy 3 жыл бұрын
At 3:03:38 he describes the technique used 8 years later in Microsoft Flight Simulator. Cool stuff.
@gomersimpson777ram
@gomersimpson777ram Жыл бұрын
Hmm
@glinkot
@glinkot 12 жыл бұрын
What a wide ranging and insightful session. Brilliant!
@BaconSenpai
@BaconSenpai 5 жыл бұрын
Sick and still manages to talk for 3.5 hours non stop, what a machine
@aintneb
@aintneb 12 жыл бұрын
All of Quake games are epic and fun!
@geodescent
@geodescent 12 жыл бұрын
When he stops talking, the silence is deafening
@chrisf69uk
@chrisf69uk 12 жыл бұрын
Fantastic vid, I loved every minute of this. Carmack has an amazing mind, it's such a kick to hear what he's thinking about.
@PeterLawrenceYT
@PeterLawrenceYT 12 жыл бұрын
Watched this all the way though and enjoyed every minute.
@Offspringfan64
@Offspringfan64 12 жыл бұрын
Look at the video. You have John Carmack on there.
@ChocoRythme
@ChocoRythme 12 жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for posting this. I respect this man so much, I literally just watched his mouth move for hours and hung on to every word.
@GuitarNerd79
@GuitarNerd79 12 жыл бұрын
Does John Carmack ever watch his own keynotes on there to learn that he says "on there" on there? Still, I can't stop watching this Supernerd.
@lgolem09l
@lgolem09l 12 жыл бұрын
all the time through. He does make one 10 second pause to look at this iPad for more topics. He is standing for the first 90 minutes, and never takes one sip of water.
@gracefool
@gracefool 12 жыл бұрын
3:00:35 Start of Q&A 3:00:55 The future of megatextures and cloud gaming 3:04:40 Industry support for low-latency products 3:06:34 Non-polygonal geometry 3:09:25 Development process / agile 3:12:12 Multiple OS support, virtualization & sandboxing 3:17:47 Walking in VR 3:19:56 Augmented Reality 3:23:10 Graphics effects for VR headsets 3:26:42 Direct neural stimulation 3:29:14 Bandwidth cost 3:32:21 Photorealism
@banguseater
@banguseater 2 жыл бұрын
3:00:35 Start of Q&A 3:00:55 The future of megatextures and cloud gaming 3:04:40 Industry support for low-latency products 3:06:34 Non-polygonal geometry 3:09:25 Development process / agile 3:12:12 Multiple OS support, virtualization & sandboxing 3:17:47 Walking in VR 3:19:56 Augmented Reality 3:23:10 Graphics effects for VR headsets 3:26:42 Direct neural stimulation 3:29:14 Bandwidth cost 3:32:21 Photorealism sorry your old comment was somehow broken
@gracefool
@gracefool 2 жыл бұрын
@@banguseater Thanks!
@gracefool
@gracefool 2 жыл бұрын
@@banguseater Looks like I had to split my comment in three because it was too long, so there's another with the same problem (I can't see the first). I think just because they didn't create automatic links. It won't let me edit it either.
@nem81
@nem81 12 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this. The Keynote and the Finals are what i always try to watch from Quakecon.
@raket94
@raket94 12 жыл бұрын
I hope he never stops doing these
@Retrovibes
@Retrovibes 12 жыл бұрын
This guy is a living legend in the gaming industry. Only ignorant fools that never heard of him would expect a very basic, dumbed down and Apple-like keynote from him.
@Godl1ked
@Godl1ked 12 жыл бұрын
anyone can talk for hours about what they're passionate and what they like, none the less, this guy is awesome
@idontreallygetit
@idontreallygetit 12 жыл бұрын
One of my all-time favorite people/heroes. This guy is an absolute genius
@Ra1d3r
@Ra1d3r 12 жыл бұрын
i just love listening to this guy
@CharlesVanNoland
@CharlesVanNoland 7 жыл бұрын
@2:35:26 "The magic that runs the web is scary, scary stuff." - John Carmack, QuakeCon 2012
@sdcs85
@sdcs85 12 жыл бұрын
You know, once I start watching this I won't be able to stop, until I've watched the whole, freaking keynote. Damn you, Carmack! ;)
@earlgrey11
@earlgrey11 12 жыл бұрын
Its interesting to hear the diverse development topics that John talks about, including 3D programming, cloud computing, network latency, mobile development, drivers, hardware, engineering problems, team management, programming methodologies, operating systems, virtual reality, industry trends etc. I always enjoy watching his speeches.
@EfimencoVladimir85
@EfimencoVladimir85 12 жыл бұрын
Oh! best VOD from quakecon! I waiting a long time this video. Carmac Winner!
@danielrose223
@danielrose223 12 жыл бұрын
this guy has change my life, and many more i'm sure.
@ctankep
@ctankep 12 жыл бұрын
Same here -- The livestream was super choppy this morning. However I did manage to catch the last half hour and there was a -lot of great technical discussion re: optics and first principles of head mounted displays. Look forward to it ..
@uneasyMeat
@uneasyMeat 12 жыл бұрын
John is such an awesome guy! He knows his stuff and doesn't bullshit.
@visker81
@visker81 12 жыл бұрын
watched and listened to the whole thing, and not a second was wasted or even uninteresting
@BoltRM
@BoltRM 12 жыл бұрын
Put in my pledge for the Rift and damned fired-up about the future of VR!! Been waiting over 20 yrs for this. I've worn a few high end head-mounted displays(HMD) over the years and it is just too freakin cool. Add some haptic(vibration/touch sense) devices to the mix and the HMD coming sometime in 2013 and we've got something! oh man....I am fired up. Thx to Palmer Luckey for designing & building the prototype! This is truly a fortuitous collaboration.
@LiamCuthbert
@LiamCuthbert 12 жыл бұрын
this legend gives me the motivation to learn game programming.
@SpookyFan
@SpookyFan 12 жыл бұрын
Great talk. Great speaker.
@AsbjornOlling
@AsbjornOlling 5 жыл бұрын
Fun to hear Carmack obviously being very into VR, *just* before he started working for Oculus. I wonder if it was announced already then
@Falcrist
@Falcrist 12 жыл бұрын
Don't forget the majority of the Call of Duty series, which runs off of a modified Quake 3 engine called the IW engine. Aside from the direct descendants of the Quake engine, pretty big chunks of John's code are still in use today by almost all developers. It's both a testament to the quality of John's work back in the 90s, and to how interconnected the videogame industry still is.
@AnnuMakt
@AnnuMakt 12 жыл бұрын
Very excited to watch this
@RonnyBrendel
@RonnyBrendel 12 жыл бұрын
Aside from all other awesome, I am particularly impressed that he speaks 3,5h continuously about meaningful things.
@josephmorales652
@josephmorales652 3 жыл бұрын
John is in great shape
@danielduckq
@danielduckq 7 ай бұрын
he can just read me a bedtime story of quake development for me to sleep
@theholk
@theholk 12 жыл бұрын
There are a lot of adults that don't have the bandwith to process the amazing flow of information he puts out. Imho you can actually really see how he actually struggles with compressing his multi-faceted world into a linear string aswell :P
@michaelpaoneofficial
@michaelpaoneofficial 10 жыл бұрын
I'm still waiting on the new .plan
@Perjoss
@Perjoss 12 жыл бұрын
I don't understand anything about programming but I still enjoy listening to him speak.
@AesculapiusPiranha
@AesculapiusPiranha 11 жыл бұрын
Three and a half + hours talking nonstop while sick and damn near everything he says is worth hearing. That is something else.
@gracefool
@gracefool 12 жыл бұрын
This is the one gaming-related thing I will watch every year. Summary / bookmarks: 0:00 Rage, Doom 3 BFG Edition, gameplay, and developing more games vs. ambitious graphics pipeline changes 0:30:27 Software development & static analysis (following on from last year's keynote) 0:41:53 Platforms (consoles, mobile, Mac, Linux, open source, integrated graphics, TV boxes) 0:49:43 The future of cloud gaming (streaming) 0:50:38 Display latency & VR headsets (as above) ... (continued next comment)
@Helmutlozzi
@Helmutlozzi 12 жыл бұрын
Great input!!
@penna420
@penna420 12 жыл бұрын
no, it's not a three hour speech, it's THE BEST three hour speech of the year
@MrMadmax75th
@MrMadmax75th 12 жыл бұрын
I forgot to add I am so grateful to Id for developing doom 3 I cannot tell you how many hours of enjoyment and pure fun that game brought me. That was the best single player game I have ever played ! Great speech thanks for everything Id .
@Nik__._.
@Nik__._. 12 жыл бұрын
John Carmack is such an inspiration for young developers like me :). Im really looking forward to the oncoming projects.
@NobleNobbler
@NobleNobbler Жыл бұрын
I get the feeling that, each time I hear Carmack speak, that he could be look at a wall or a conference hall of 500 and still have the same enthusiasm
@VashStarwind
@VashStarwind Жыл бұрын
LOL Carmack talking about making a display device that shines a laser directly into your eyeball, sounds like a mad scientist hahah
@MrMightyZ
@MrMightyZ 12 жыл бұрын
John Carmack is an international treasure.
@Mechanic618
@Mechanic618 12 жыл бұрын
Fascinating!! Thank you for posting this.
@cinderweasel
@cinderweasel 12 жыл бұрын
even though I only understood 0.1% of what he said he is amazing! he looks genuinely in love with what he does so that makes the 3 and a half hours just flow by for him. it doesnt even look like he uses any kind of paper to read from or a teleprompter, thats how brilliant he is. and to think im having trouble doing a 10 min lecture...
@EspireMike
@EspireMike 5 жыл бұрын
Such a fascinating time capsule now. Right before he jumped on oculus as CTO. And now Google are pushing very hard for cloud gaming with Stadia. Such a great keynote.
@jgvtc559
@jgvtc559 5 жыл бұрын
How do you think itll stack up to xboxs cloud theyre designing
@EspireMike
@EspireMike 5 жыл бұрын
@@jgvtc559 I'm not familiar with Xbox cloud, both Microsoft and Google have the potential to deliver a great service...If you're lucky enough to have fast internet!
@MsJavaWolf
@MsJavaWolf 2 жыл бұрын
And now Stadia is shutting down soon.
@pierukallukka
@pierukallukka 12 жыл бұрын
Much love to this legend!
@Flemtality
@Flemtality 11 жыл бұрын
He is extremely skilled on there.
@BDtetra
@BDtetra 12 жыл бұрын
this was amazingly interesting to watch
@elcapitan6126
@elcapitan6126 Жыл бұрын
thumbnail is carmack channeling sideous
@Uelogy22
@Uelogy22 12 жыл бұрын
Man, John should host an online streaming channel keynote - man he would hold an audience 10x the size of that convention centre!
@studiopond
@studiopond 4 жыл бұрын
Companies should take a look here on how to apologise for a bad release. Just be plain and clear and honest, no PR fluff or roadmaps or shifting blame.
@SevenDeMagnus
@SevenDeMagnus 4 жыл бұрын
Cool 3 hours, all John Carmack:-)
@slytechie6984
@slytechie6984 11 жыл бұрын
John Carmack... I Salute You.
@vk08
@vk08 12 жыл бұрын
Been looking for this. thanks.
@MrGameengineer
@MrGameengineer 11 жыл бұрын
I need to actually go to this thing some day.
@Mattc0m
@Mattc0m 12 жыл бұрын
All panels will be uploaded, just keep checking back here.
@yomofoindahouse
@yomofoindahouse 12 жыл бұрын
Thank you, John Carmack. I fully share your feelings about modern displays. OLEDs will settle this down, but the time wasted on LCDs will still not be possible to have back.
QuakeCon 2011 - John Carmack Keynote Q&A
1:20:26
QuakeCon Official
Рет қаралды 52 М.
In Conversation With John Romero - Doom, Wolfenstein, Commander Keen ...
1:46:31
The Centre for Computing History
Рет қаралды 94 М.
Quilt Challenge, No Skills, Just Luck#Funnyfamily #Partygames #Funny
00:32
Family Games Media
Рет қаралды 55 МЛН
Quando eu quero Sushi (sem desperdiçar) 🍣
00:26
Los Wagners
Рет қаралды 15 МЛН
IL'HAN - Qalqam | Official Music Video
03:17
Ilhan Ihsanov
Рет қаралды 700 М.
Joe Rogan Experience #1342 - John Carmack
2:36:47
PowerfulJRE
Рет қаралды 2,5 МЛН
QuakeCon 2012 Panel - Virtual Insanity
1:02:17
QuakeCon Official
Рет қаралды 91 М.
An Engineering Fairy Tale: Cascade Failure at the Super Kamiokande
22:21
Alexander the ok
Рет қаралды 639 М.
DOOM’s Development: A Year of Madness
44:12
WeAreDevelopers
Рет қаралды 823 М.
Derren Brown Exposes Fraudulent "Psychics" with Richard Dawkins
55:27
The Poetry of Reality with Richard Dawkins
Рет қаралды 264 М.
QuakeCon 2011 - John Carmack Keynote
1:26:39
QuakeCon Official
Рет қаралды 290 М.
John Carmack Used to Supercharge Ferrari's!! | Joe Rogan
13:32
JRE Clips
Рет қаралды 382 М.
Quilt Challenge, No Skills, Just Luck#Funnyfamily #Partygames #Funny
00:32
Family Games Media
Рет қаралды 55 МЛН