Quantum Cryptography Explained

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With recent high-profile security decryption cases, encryption is more important than ever. Much of your browser usage and your smartphone data is encrypted. But what does that process actually entail? And when computers get smarter and faster due to advances in quantum physics, how will encryption keep up?
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Creator/Editor: Dianna Cowern
Writer: Sophia Chen
Animator: Kyle Norby
Special thanks to Nathan Lysne
Source:
gva.noekeon.org/QCandSKD/QCand...
physicsworld.com/cws/article/n...
epic.org/crypto/export_contro...
fas.org/irp/offdocs/eo_crypt_9...
Music: APM and KZbin

[@chillsahoy2640]

I heard of an analogy for encryption that went like this: Alice sends a suitcase to Bob, but it has been closed with a lock and only Alice has the key for that lock. When Bob receives the suitcase and checks that Alice's lock is on it, he adds his own lock ,to which only he has the key, and sends the suitcase back to Alice. Once Alice has confirmed that Bob placed his own lock, she opens hers (now the suitcase only has Bob's lock) and sends it back to Bob. Bob can now undo his lock and open the suitcase. The security there is that keys are never exchanged, Alice can only open her lock ,and Bob can only open his, so even if someone intercepted the suitcase, they'd be unable to open it because the neither Alice nor Bob ever send the keys to each other.

[@Crypterswtf911]

Awesome analogy!

[@ireallyreallyhategoogle]

+Mr Schrödinger - I am the one who reviews. That's one way of describing good encryption. It doesn't change the fact that someone can break the locks.

[@EnricoDias]

+Mr Schrödinger - I am the one who reviews. This analogy is a bit incomplete. What if someone else intercept the suitcase, pretend to be Bob and put a lock on it? Alice will unlock her lock and send the suitcase back.

[@stylis666]

+Mr Schrödinger - I am the one who reviews. Oh. That sounds a lot simpler than what she just said and it makes a lot more sense to me.

[@VeNoM0619]

+Enrico Dias Then the guy would have to intercept it before it gets to bob. Not to mention, bob will be like "wheres my suitcase?"

[@zachheilman784]

I know just enough about cryptography to say that I'm genuinely impressed by the research you did for this video. Nicely done!

[@AntoshaPushkin]

Hey, what about "Happy physicsing"? I am watching 50% because of nice explanations of complicated physics and 50% because of that "happy physicsing" at the end

[@photonlight9640]

😉😂

[@physicsgirl]

+Антоша Пушкин oh no! I promise it will be back next time. :)

[@AntoshaPushkin]

+Physics Girl nice (: BTW, could you please make more videos about quantum mechanics and very basics of what quantum computers are? I totally don't get it who "observer" is, what "measurement" is and how everything becomes fixed instead of being "at different states at the same time" after measurement. I suppose, a lot of people would be happy to finally hear a clear explanation.

[@krutoyinfo]

+Антоша Пушкин да нет никаких квантовых компьютеров, это все научная фантастика и красивые слова

[@AntoshaPushkin]

krutoyinfo мне даже лень искать тебе примеры, погугли, почитай что-нибудь на хабре о квантовых вычислениях. Пока что это не реализовано в виде рабочего прототипа, но исследования идут полным ходом, как практическая реализация, так и теория в виде разработки алгоритмов (например, алгоритмы Гровера, Шора).

[@XmdogmX]

Amazing. I love the way you have of explaining these advanced concepts in ways we can all understand. You rock!

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

We are just beginning to scratch the surface of the possible applications of quantum physics.

[@rafaellisboa8493]

+Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky EUGENE YOU'RE HERE!!!!!!! STAY AWESOME!!!!!!!! luv your videos!

[@demasarch7622]

Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky a

[@felixbade2879]

Very well explained! It was easy to understand even though I knew nothing about quantum cryptography. Thank you! :)

[@Kamel419]

that was hands down one of the best explanations of cryptography i've ever seen. great job! you tackled 2 of the most difficult subjects to understand (in my opinion), cryptography and quantum physics, and did it admirably. for those thinking it's confusing, try watching other cryptography explanation videos out there - you will understand how great this explanation is.

[@satrian]

Your videos are AWESOME. Thanks you for taking the time to create them.

[@cyrfung]

You are really good at explaining things and making them sound simple.

[@mc4bbs]

Wow! You've explained so much about encryption on a level nearly anyone can understand! Good show!!

[@PratikAman]

thanks Dianna for this nice introductory video :)

[@elhamm6569]

Just discovered your channel ! Thank you very much for the explanation ! (You'll help me for my next exam in quantum communication ! ) You are very clear !

This is a great video for a really great topic. Congrats!

[@tabithadaniella197]

This was so helpful! Great introduction!

[@PhotonicEmission]

Damn girl. You just explained something that never made sense to me in a genuine lecture, with CANDY. Not only that, but I understood it at the end! Thank you!

[@vincentxu2637]

This video is so great! Could you also make a video about how quantum computer works? Not just about how qbit can have superposition state but also why that can make calculations happen simultaneously. Thanks for all your great videos

[@starrychloe]

+yisi xu - Consider the book "The Feynman Processor".

[@vincentxu2637]

+starrychloe thanks, I will check it out!

[@nataliah4478]

thank you for such a wonderful and clear explanation

[@special_stardust]

hey ur almost to 250k! good job!

[@daniellasullivan6398]

Hi there! I'm a physics major, and I really like your videos :) I was wondering if you could do another one on this topic that goes into a little more techincal detail. I'm somewhat familiar with quantum computing as well as cryptography, but not the two together.

[@andybaker2443]

I was with you through the prime number part, but will need to ponder the rest. Excellent video.

[@sumanroy988]

Thanks for the video. Nicely explained.

[@betongitarre]

This video really helped me. When you are a physics student they expect you to be able to talk about this topic. I drew a recap on a sheet of paper to get it all right. Later I made out that it wasn't necessary. Sender and recipient don't have to take the former uncertainty of some 1 and 0 into consideration when they want to settle on a code. They just sort these cases out! ^^ BTW The part at 0:25 was a bit peculiar. But I might got you wrong. The secrets he stole (he hadn't to solve a code because they granted him access) revealed that, in the first place, WE, not the american government, are in need to encrypt our messages. Especially when you are a foreigner and even when you are from a befriended country.

[@joshuamchugh8925]

Love your work. Really cool. :)

[@zombietechz8361]

Thanks a lot. A really simplified explanation I was looking for. I just have an interview of a research position in this domain. I'm sure the info in this video will help me out :)

[@jr52990]

Now it makes sense to me. Also, I admire you resisting the temptation to "sample" your props. :)

[@jackkennedy98]

That was a great way of explaining cryptography, thanks!

[@Emzo99]

wow this is such a clear explanation! Thank you so much.

[@anirbanroy6457]

dude you're awesome, totally awed by the content and your energy, which obviously is because of the photons around you xD

[@BrianCooperpiece]

I love this explanation of Quantum Cryptography...I learned about this in college way back when and like that it's still relevant today. Plus, I really, really, really want to eat your results! :)

[@TheAngryAstronomer]

This helped me to understand alot better. Thanks!

[@FirstRisingSouI]

For people who are confused: this video assumes you have a basic knowledge of quantum physics. Try searching for "Stern-Gerlach experiment" to learn about measuring particle spins.

[@K-A5]

Thank you!

[@N3rdyKat72]

Great job explaining this! :)

[@lucaza41]

Very nice. Thank you for making interesting videos like this.

[@NimN0ms]

Came here to understand quantum cryptography and ended up becoming a hacker. Thanks Ejboob.

[@ronaldmcdonald2637]

intotheoceanbloo .............i piss in a pot good sir and put it in your room.. a pot!

[@justadev____7232]

Hacker? More like mathematician

[@Malfunct1onM1ke]

Ejboob spdlt is the name of the day for me now :D

[@Malmo117]

Very, interesting! Thanks for explaining a complex topic in terms my pea brain can understand! 🌸🙏😎

[@ThisIsHannah]

OMG this is awesome. I have to research into this further

[@Zarevock666]

Wow! You are a GREAT teacher!

[@cxvcxv4209]

Great video ! Love your work ! I have a question. Wouldn’t the random activation of detectors be pseudo random ?

[@SamieVisual]

I watch this episode since it was posted. but i didn t undersand shit. I just had a course of quantum cryptography and I realised I already watch an epidoe about what the teacher was talking about. It was an awsome feeling and thank you physics girl

[@ainsleymcdonald-boyer6075]

Physics Girl, I'm an aspiring female physicist and I love your videos!!! They are great and give inspiration to girl that they can do anything. I also really love your "I heart physics" shirt you wore in this video. Where did you get it?

[@JohnMichaelStrubhart2022]

That was fascinating!

[@hb3281]

I love videos on quantum physics!! it was pretty confusing though...

[@BangerMovieSpotlight]

My fiber optics college just used this video in a lecture. Saw your videos on CERN. Was good stuff. Physics Girl :P Maybe one day we can give you a tour of the new quantum encryption soon.

[@victorpinamago]

Such a great video

[@DaveWhoa]

another awesome video but i was surprised there was no mention of Peter Shor's algorithm which effectively breaks RSA cryptography given a big enough quantum computer and has helped usher in the new field of post-quantum cryptography

[@Lettuce-and-Tomatoes]

Wonderful video, Ejboob!!! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@MrXxCKKxX]

OMG excellent video. made cryptography seems easy. good job

[@r.d.e.2803]

brilliantly explained

[@AndreCbrito]

thank you for sharing the source

[@ghrey8282]

Informative thank you.

[@KazimirQ7G]

If just the fact of intercepting and measuring changes the key, which means that the original sender-receiver have to try again, you have just described the new Quantum DDoS Attack.

[@traveler5938]

Great job!

[@megaalan12]

woah. The part about the key changing when observed blows my mind.

[@CannibalSheepQc]

"candies" feel ya bruh

[@ScienceAsylum]

The candy is back! I think I'm going to have to watch this a few times for it to sink in. Quantum is weird.

[@Mohit-nw5jr]

can u also make a video on this..?? plz

[@joemomtana6014]

Ikr dude btw I'm a girl but I'm on my dad's KZbin account

[@fahdciwan8709]

all the best with skipping the grammarly ads

[@xeno4162]

@@joemomtana6014 What?

[@elloquito4162]

More! More on this subject, please.

[@johnnychang4233]

What a sweet treat explanation ;)

[@LucidEnigma21]

Pretty cool stuff! :]

[@daniellassander]

You should do a video either about gravitational waves and what we can use them for. Or you could set about an make a video exploring and maybe explaining some weird physics, such as the holographic universe or the delayed choice quantum eraser. Or that for light itself time and distance seems to vanish.

[@InorganicVegan]

She already made one on gravitational waves. Look at her channel

[@BernieLee]

I cannot like this video enough. The quantum mechanical element to cryptology is fascinating. What about two step-verification though? Isn't there a way to implement a random key element in that sequence? Or to have an algorithm in the two separate transfers that throw out an error when copied or intercepted?

[@maxonmillion]

so helpful thanks

[@smithy262626]

cool vid :) can you possibly explain how solving the riemann hypothesis would render prime number codes obsolete?

[@StepBackHistory]

This video looks like a particularly tasty cleanup after you finished filming. Except maybe the smarties with marker on them.

[@smileyball]

If quantum cryptography becomes state-of-the-practice encryption, is it possible that future attacks will focus primarily to destroying the message rather than eavesdropping it? Seems equally troublesome.

[@khalifaalkhoori4056]

That’s like a denial of service attack no? I really hope you are still alive.

[@RBLXbranefreez]

I already understand quantum cryptography, but I have no doubt that after watching your video, I will have an even sturdier grasp on the topic.

[@paxdriver]

Thanks for keeping it fresh, but I didn't find the candy math as easy to follow as boring chalk, pencil or pen. :) fun idea and great vids as always, thanks much

[@danielcann5554]

That's so amazing

[@nerdcollection1013]

Great Video

[@chedderburg]

That was the best explanation of Quantum Cryptography I have ever heard.I is also the first. Either way it will still probably still be the best explanation. It's funny but it gives me hope for the future for secure connection. I will still be able to use my, credit card, paypal, online shopping, uber, well kinda everything. This is great news :)

[@samanth7777]

I came here to learn what quantum cryptography was/is and now I have more questions than I started with!! I agree with Science Asylum! lol

[@ShebaTheSheep]

Yes, youtube. There's 2 comments... I can see 26! This is a very cool video. Well done!

[@deniojr]

New to your channel, but old follower of VSauce, minutephysics and the likes, and recently I got a chance to do a research on Cryptography, how you think Quantum Keys or even Personal keys play a roll on our world

[@deniojr]

Sorry for my bad english, any question you can contact me at [e-mail]

[@troygardner1610]

storing it in the unknowable of subspace I theorize (without empiracle evidence) has built in API to avoid particle passing communication, we just haven't figured out the 'tuning' of creating N body entanglement at a distance yet

[@sabahfatema]

Mind blown! I'm hooked! Also, did u eat the gummy rings?

[@Seegalgalguntijak]

Great video! Still, as you stated in the end, I think the major problem of quantom cryptography is that it's again bound to a physical medium. There should be some mathematical equivalent to quantum cryptography for it to be absolutely awesome to use, have mathematically unbreakable codes and all that good stuff.

[@b43xoit]

+Seegal Galguntijak Mathematical operations are also bound to physical media. Until recently, these was always classical physical media. Logic as most of us know it is, I suspect, an outgrowth of classical physical behavior.

[@krisztianszirtes5414]

And just a thing I came across while thinking about this: 1) Generate a number from text 2) Multiply by a prime number 3) The original number itself in some way determines which part of the number is important, the rest will be deleted from before and after We have prime multiplication and data loss as well. Could this be used at all?

[@SparrowHawk183]

I think I finally understand how quantum cryptography uses these quantum spin states and filters to encrypt data! Thanks Dianna, I'm that much smarter now! :D

[@nayutaito9421]

The classic cipher system in the video does not require prime factoring. THe eavesdropper can take the greatest common divisor of all numbers, which can be done pretty fast, and it is likely to be the key itself.

[@Dahl1980]

Dianna does indeed rock! 👍 :D

[@Monfe7]

This was fun!! I mean, I couldn't get a thing she said, but it fun :D

[@calsinayoTg51D]

Nice video, it is really well explained ! And you have to know that these quantum cryptography ARE already being use by companies which are willing to send secret messages from one building to another (if they are close enough !)

[@heyandy889]

dwave ftw

[@harveywoodsllc]

Yes. This is amazing.

[@MoneyXJatt]

4:05 hehe!

[@vornamenachname3483]

+MoNey JaTT So cute lol

[@waldoarmagon6015]

hello ! Nice video. The position of the photon , is the same thinks like the spin of an electron ? Cordialy. :-)

[@YoungTheFish]

Dianna rocks!

[@paydenallen9552]

+YoungTheFish And Ejboob Spdlt!

[@petitkus4408]

This is so cool :D

[@ARTiculations]

Not sure if this question make sense or not - but is the polarization of the photons in both directions at the same time, until Bob observes it? So no one knows the direction it is vibrating in until it is measured?

[@stop6578]

Pretty much I guess. Im thinking that this is similar to the electron diffraction using the concept of heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

[@dominiquehautcoeur4387]

really nice video ^^ but I have been lost you between 1 and 0, wrong key ^^ I like your t-shirt ^^

[@venomad77]

I am in love!

[@ignaciot]

Another interesting and well explained video by Physics Girl 4:05 he he

[@_RTheBruce]

This is really cool

[@blinkskaterkc]

Gonna have to wach this eleven more times to understand it. But good vid, thanks.

[@Youezor]

it's all very interesting. But their is one more question : who will eat all these sweets?

[@njbruggenkamp]

Could do all this in a quantum emulator and software emulate the quantum behavior in silicon. This way you can utilize common network infrastructure. The emulation, will just act as a new software / hardware based encryption protocol.

[@mlbelem]

Excelent!!!!!! Thanks

[@pahulgill6114]

Could you PLEASE make one about Computer algorithms, it will really help me out. I'm sure everyone would find how machines and Computers work interesting because that's wt kids spend all their time doing these days.

[@canterinalong]

Could spooky action at a distance also be used as a means of scrambling and restricting an encryption key? I've never heard of more than a pair of quantum entangled particles and maybe they could act as an effective key?

[@antikertech157]

Physics girl I have to tell you that your moduli space drives me crazy XD

[@MarvRoberts]

Quantum encryption/decryption can be accomplished using any analog carrier signal. One may even use cosmic microwave background radiation.

[@northernepicadvenure]

Physics Girl. can you please put together a video on the period of pendulum swings being proportional to gravity but also that time is proportional to gravity? It's been bugging me for weeks!