Reaction Wheels - Things Kerbal Space Program Doesn't Teach

Reaction wheels in Kerbal Space Program might actually refer to a number of different technologies used to control the attitude of spacecraft. Let's go into some detail about these.

[@nonenowherebye]

Just because it wasn't mentioned in the video, the Hubble telescope (and most space telescopes) do not have thrusters of any kind onboard. There is too much risk of the exhaust from the thrusters fogging/damaging the delicate optics on the telescope. Instead, as Scott said, the Hubble uses reaction wheels to point itself. What it also uses it a set of magnetorquers to constantly bleed momentum off from the wheels, so as to avoid them becoming saturated.

[@HuntingTarg]

Quite an idea, but it is likely because an open magnetic field of that strength would interfere with some of the super-sensitive detection instruments inside the shuttle (such as the cryogenically cooled Infrared imager), and also that coupled with reaction wheels it might put too much load on the telescope's power system and lead to brown-out.

[@IDoNotLikeHandlesOnYT]

What about JWST then? Some (not much) thrust is needed to maintain its position at the Lagrange point, which is unstable.

[@HalNordmann]

@@IDoNotLikeHandlesOnYT If it is unstable, any vapour released by the thrusters will just drift away.

[@rocketsocks]

There have been many space telescopes operated since Hubble (such as Kepler, Spitzer, GAIA, etc.) and they make use of thrusters. The worry about exhaust fogging up the optics was probably a matter of overzealousness when Hubble was originally built, since then we've learned it's not as much of a problem as was feared.

[@atrumluminarium]

Also thrusters would need fuel refills. Reaction wheels just "replenish" using the solar panels without needing to consistently send anything up there.

[@Tehom1]

5:56 "You need to desaturate using fuel" There is at least one other way to desaturate, which for instance the ISS uses. Your satellite has to be fairly long to use it, and it has to be in orbit around a planet or similar. You can use tidal forces to spin down. Picture a long satellite such as the ISS. Earth's tidal forces tends to pull it so that its long axis is aligned with the direction of gravitational force. Basically, the part that's nearer earth is attracted more strongly, and if your satellite is long that makes a difference. So you orient it so it's not aligned with the direction of gravity, and at such an angle that the axis of torque due to tidal force is opposite to whatever direction your control moment gyros have excessive momentum in. Then you hold that attitude, fighting the tidal force by spinning your gyros down, until you are happily in the center of your operating envelope again.

[@tiagodagostini]

Would not simply using the spin to generate electric current spend that momentum into something not mechanical (and therefore not undoing the orientation change?

[@GarrettWilliamsKGD]

I read the title in Scott's voice, Reaction Hweels. Best accent ever :)

[@StratoSound]

Swap the positions of the H and W in the word Wheels and bam, there's your accent.

[@Reggiland]

like bob ross with 'hwite'

[@michaeldonahue222]

My Human Geography teacher says wh words the same way

[@PemboCycling]

Cool Hwip.

[@MegaAwesomeNick]

Hwil Hweaton

[@To-mos]

Scotts been collecting some reaction wheels on his shelves back there

[@willemstander8400]

This made me kek hard. Well played.

[@Rendpullman]

Yup that's a quite nice collection. I can't seem to recognize anything but I'm still curious.

*hweels

[@TripedalTroductions]

"Say whip." "Whip." "Say cool whip." "Cool hwip." "YOU'RE EATING HAIR!"

[@rocketnerd7763]

Hahaha lol

[@K1RTB]

Will Wheaton

[@hydroximane]

Yes, that's accurate

[@Spacejax05]

I don’t get it

[@hydroximane]

@@Spacejax05 watch family guy bro

[@jbkjbk1999]

"hweels"

[@harrison805]

Well, that's how it used to be pronounced everywhere :D That's why there's a 'h' in 'wheels' instead of just 'weels'

[@lineriderrulz]

Doesn't explain why the 'h' is before the 'h' though then, does it? haha (or did that used to be the case too?)

[@Joseph-fp8qm]

Believe it or not "hweel" isn't actually a word it is just an approximation of what Scott is saying as heard by the original commenter. If you listen closely he pronounces the h after the w. His pronunciation just includes the h sound whereas your regional tongue does not. If you want to get pedantic about it.

[@NetRolller3D]

Joseph Buttz "Hweel" is actually the original pronounciation of "wheel", and the reason why we don't spell it "weel". Scott's dialect doesn't have the wet-whet merger found in most English dialects around the world.

[@john_titor1]

Well, the wh sound is actually not just an h and w combined, it is a separate phoneme that just happens to sound like the h and w combined.

[@EthanNin0]

Another reason why reaction wheels are used on space telescopes, there's no residue that can obscure the viewing field or mirrors.

[@digitsstuff6521]

Actually it is possible to rotate on all three axis with only 2 wheels, if you rotate 90d on any axis, then rotate 90d on a second axis, and finally rotate -90d on the first axis again, that will yield the same result as rotating 90d on the third axis.These are all of course using only local axis.

[@scottmanley]

+Ethan Salie but then you can't stop drift in the 3rd axis, so you end up with net rotation around that axis over time.

[@industrialdonut7681]

what

[@Mr.Rin.]

Dang

[@davodity]

+Scott Manley Called 'gimball lock', I believe it is referred to briefly in the Apollo 13 movie.

[@wierdalien1]

that's not gimball lock

[@12345DJay]

get yourself an office chair (that spins) and a wheel (from a bike, for example; car wheels work better but they turn out to be a little too heavy to hold in one hand) . sit down on the chair, hold the wheel horizontally and spin it colckwise. now get someone to push your chair so you rotate as well. now flip the wheel 180°

[@12345DJay]

Warning: the person witnessing your little experiment because you needed him to spin your chair might accuse you of witchcraft so prepare to run away

[@what-the8028]

You don't even need a wheel. Just hold something heavy. Move the object from your center of mass to the side. Arc the object to your other side. Move the object back to your center of mass. Repeat to go around and around. You could also pass the object to the other hand behind your back if your flexible enough to reach behind the chair.

[@12345DJay]

What-the the thing is, if you do what i wrote you will change your direction of spinning every time you flip the wheel... that's the whole point. it looks like you hacked physics, really funny

[@what-the8028]

I know the wheel thing. I've done it before at a science discovery centre, very cool I might add. I was telling people how it can be done another way at home without dismantling a bicycle / car.

[@michaelt3172]

This type of idea could be used for a momentum drive or antigravity drive to generate momentum upwards without thrust so you can fly and move at great speeds with only electric power

[@antoniomaglione4101]

Watching this again, because in your latest video - four years after this - you just explained how high intensity electric fields (CME, ion thrusters, etc.) can disable the ball bearings inside the reaction wheels, which keeps failing in continuation. Thank you for all your efforts in explaining and teaching aerospace matters.

[@thegardenofeatin5965]

Wait a minute. Does KSP simulate gyroscopic precession, or did you do that manually?

[@SophieJMore]

The Garden of Eatin yes, it does. Although it's almost impossible to make a gyroscope in stock KSP.

[@staratmidnight7]

Fun fact: the front and back ends of a cat essentially function as reaction wheels in order to allow the cat to manipulate its orientation and land on its feet in virtually all circumstances. Check out "Cat Righting Reflex" on Wikipedia.

[@Sorenzo]

When your "reaction wheel" in KSP reaches maximum spin velocity, it's kinda like if it was saturated...

[@whatsinanameish]

Epic LP collection you have there.

[@1Kaisermerlin]

Yeah, he is really in to Lets Plays.

[@joops110]

Good ol' times when Lets Plays were still on vinyl.

[@Blox117]

the fuck? LP is not lets play, silly kids.

[@whatsinanameish]

+Blox117 is joke, comrade.

[@mikelevi5555]

I have an old Lynard Skynard lets play from 73. thats 1973 not episode 73

[@jortvanwelbergen8009]

We need more of this Scott! definetly the most informative video I saw on CMG's, especially the kerbal animations add a lot of clarity :)

[@tillytony]

Ur vinyl collection is one to be admired. Would love to see a video on them :)

[@michaelpeila8794]

Scott, for the life of me, I can't get used to your voice coming out of your body. You kinda look like a Bond villian, in shape and maniacally genius. But then your voice sounds so kind; I feel like I'm suffering a case of cognitive dissonance about the tenor of your voice haha.

[@JohnyG29]

maybe you shouldn't judge people on their looks, or be 'judgey' in general old chap.

[@drink15]

There is a time and place to judge people based on looks.

[@Dutchcomentatah]

That would be 2014 and Tinder, gents.

[@AnaseSkyrider]

It's the current year, fellas.

[@uzferry5524]

Maybe you should stop touching yourself in night

[@MrAshleyR]

Is your hoodie of a loading crane that wishes it was an AT-AT? What?

[@IstasPumaNevada]

That gave me a chuckle.

[@scottmanley]

Yes, it's a reference to the popular myth that the walkers were inspired by the cranes in the port of Oakland www.thegirlandrhino.com/

[@PeterBarnes2]

That sentence made no sense until I read Scott's reply.

[@MrAshleyR]

Scott Manley Fascinating. Thanks for the explanation!

[@SteveChisnall]

6:14 would a "magnetorquer" be effective for pitch/roll/yaw control for a spacecraft orbiting Jupiter?

[@HuntingTarg]

I think that is an awesome question, and one worth exploring if we decide to send any more (larger, sturdier) probes to Jupiter for longer stays.

[@JeyJeyKing1]

Probably not. These missions typically stay in an eccentric orbit, where this method of attitude control would not work most of the time. Furthermore you already need another method of attitude control before getting to Jupiter.

[@Saphykitten]

Scott, you gotta make more Kerbal Videos! These are what most your fans come to see!

[@jompis007]

Love this series! Keep it Up Scott

[@danielburleson259]

Love this video. This is exactly what I was wondering about reaction wheels in KSP. Thanks Scott!

[@estoniaman]

"I'm Scott Manley, fly safe!" *gulp-gulp*

[@NimrodTargaryen]

one of the best explanations of a momentum/reaction wheel

[@mbainrot]

"fly safe" then has a swig of booze xD #madeMyDay

[@Kanives1]

another great video, thanks! My God, every time I see Scott's office I'm amazed by that vinyl collection! Holy records Batman! :)

[@RadionPrime]

Dam, so many vinyls in the background. Now i want a video about them.

[@ubergoober4065]

He used to DJ.

[@Supergeckos1000]

Scott goes through his vinyl record collection, yea!

[@Archgeek0]

There's been one, actually! He's got a few that are actually special circular tracks for repeating beats of various stripes, or other effects. Can you find it?

[@sagiksp4979]

They aren't vinyls, they're reaction wheels

[@Schindlabua]

+sagiksp *hweels

[@kalleidoskop2]

cool hwip. Great stuff as always, love your channel!

[@MRptwrench]

I found this great video when I researched before sending in a suggestion for New videos! You already had it covered. Thanks!

[@Magnymbus]

I use reaction wheels all the time in Besiege. just put a large wheel in a cage near the middle of your creation and boom, you can turn your airship very easily. You can even add armor or ballasts for added weight. You can also use braces to move the weight around.

[@RKroese]

Damn smart

[@TheTrueJedi01]

This was very good, please keep more of these coming! On a related note, in my current Kerbal career mission I am trying to be somewhat realistic in my mechanics. Like you said, the reaction wheels are overpowered, so I have taken it upon myself to disable all pod and probe wheels in the VAB and rely on RCS for most stability control. If I'm building a station, I may add an SAS module, but I think it's a neat mission challenge, and I highly recommend it.

[@peacefulguy9539]

A great respect for who can tell me the exact number of vinyls seen in this scene.

[@ShiftingDrifter]

Great stuff! Really enjoy the whole "Things KSP doesn't teach" series. Keep'm coming!

[@FlaminSquirrel]

Hope you continue this series; great stuff.

[@franzludwig3250]

Wait, is that a vinyl wipeout Xl Soundtrack back there?

[@scottmanley]

+Franz Ludwig yes it is, well spotted.

[@mandelbrotkerman3614]

There's also a way to control your attitude using the differential gravity at two ends of a sufficiently long spacecraft. I'm sure you know this but it seems worth mentioning, especially as it would've been cool to have to explain how tidal forces align a spacecraft. Unless I misunderstood, the ISS uses its inherent gravity stabilization to desaturate their CMGs, so that's really cool to be able to do without expending propellant.

[@Raptorman0909]

Reaction wheels apply torque only when the flywheel is accelerating. That is, in order to produce torque to rotate a sat a reaction wheel with an access of rotation parallel to the desired sat rotation must be spun up OR down and thus the torque applied to do that with result in a torque to rotate the sat. So, it's not the speed of the flywheel but the change in speed of it. There is, of course, a tiny bit of friction in the reaction wheels that must be compensated with torque from the motor, but the force of the friction and the torque of the motor tend to cancel.

[@Jeppelelle]

Why not put a gyro on a canfield joint? That way you should be able to control 3 axis with just one gyro (and another one for backup ofcourse)

[@scottmanley]

+Jesper Andersson the 3rd rotation axis is the spin of the gyro.

[@Jeppelelle]

Scott Manley Then just put the gyro on a 180 degree swivel on the axis of rotation on the canfield joint so you can swap direction of the spin to get the force in the other direction when you need to ;). (ok i now realize why this wouldn't work the way i imagine, i will scrap this idea)

[@grievousXWX]

Hi Scott. I'm a huge fan of your channel and KSP, but would want to learn more about rocketry and astronomy. Any advices on books or website ? Thanks in advance, keep up the good work !

[@diegomolinaf]

I cut my hair bald and for two weeks, anytime I saw myself on a mirror, I couldn't help but to think: "Hello, Scott Manley here". You have ruined my life! XD

[@packediceisthebestminecraf9007]

I see this as an absolute win!

[@sweppz5204]

I like the way that i was looking for a video like this a month ago and now it just appears on my screen.

[@kminrzymski]

So, you come from this mysterious land in which people say "h" before wh- words :D

[@Tomwesstein]

'Reaction heels' xD

[@Tomwesstein]

Thanks, I cannot un-hear it anymore.. now it's getting annoying... :)

[@robinfrenzy]

coolwhip

[@michaelfarrell4824]

the land in which the language you speak originates, your land is the mysterious one, speaking another countries tongue

[@Justanotherconsumer]

It’s the distinction between wip and whip. It’s not too late to whip it. Whip it good.

[@Eyezzzonly]

They are used for Large Ships btw, for example the Gigant Queen Mary 2 - At large Waves, this thing is stable as in still Water, thanks to the Wheels used.

[@doormarci2]

THANK YOU. So much. Always had a feeling the reaction wheels must not be able to generate momentum indefinitely (obviously, as they're not generating anything). This video was very useful, thank you again.

[@charlesseymour1482]

Scott, the shelves behind you are heavy LP recordings. Do you have them chained for earthquake safety? Looks like a great collection. Love your spaceflight videos. Great job! Mark

[@BarcelPL]

Is the placement of real life momentum wheels/gyroscopes important in regard to the given ships center of mass?

[@neo-loser]

probably, since it's still force being applied to one end of the craft, therefore myst be balanced.

[@Chwibon]

The wheel will apply the same torque wherever you place it. However, depending on the placement, the moment of inertia of the ship will not be the same, and the smaller the moment of inertia, the bigger angular velocity you get from the wheel. For optimal performance you need to place them at the center of mass.

[@BarcelPL]

***** I thought so - thanks for answering :)

[@TheFaark]

I recently met a student who wrote his bachelor about using magnetically accelerated rotating liquids to achieve the same with less moving parts (that could break). Will be interesting to see what else they'll come up with in the next decades.

[@DrAnimePhD]

Why can't you be my physics professor?

[@BelgianDneprGuy2003]

these videos are highly educational, but they keep my VTOL's stable whenever i test the VTOL system. so they are usefull in KSP for a variety of things

[@acylonepleidian9665]

Im way too drunk for this

[@summerofsteroids]

Acylone Pleidian Wait really? XD

[@airor9874]

What about now?

[@Dustinielson]

All that wisdom and a beer.. Could enjoy a yarn with this bloke!

[@kenspiracy2792]

All them vinyls, though...

[@HelloKittyFanMan.]

What about them?

[@snowdreike]

I like your new series of video Scott; And this one is really awesome !

[@josephlee9496]

Scott, why don't you work for NASA or Space X or some other space company? you could do great things.

[@scottmanley]

They can't afford to match my salary from my day job.

[@введитебросок]

he is a scam would fit nasa very well

[@josephlee9496]

ahaha, you must be raking it in if nasa cant match

[@mr.broseph8392]

Joseph Lee Well, I mean, it's not like NASA is nearly as funded as it used to be.. but Space-X? They most likely could match it lol

[@josephlee9496]

that a good point, i dont really know the salaries

[@gdawgpwnsall]

As someone going into aerospace engineering this video was quite interesting, thanks!

[@benj6171]

Fly safe.... -drinks beer-

[@MrGrombie]

I like how you presented this episode with Kerbal. It teaches in a way that brings it down to players. Which can easily cross over to a general population.

[@SteveChisnall]

Also worth pointing out is that in the past decade-and-a-half, gyros have been developed that use vibration instead of rotation.

[@johnmknight]

Congratulations! Another great science video tapping into the KSP fandom! Always happy to learn more! Cheers!

[@michaelt3172]

Would it be possible, if enough torque is generated, to make an anti-gravity device by having them rotate in all directions at once with a majority providing upwards momentum?

[@scottmanley]

+Michael Tarantolo no

[@TheSpaykers]

the smart no of love

[@11Neh]

If you want your reaction wheels to provide momentum in a direction rather than angular then you've gotta be throwing them outta the back of your rocket

[@AstralS7orm]

If you make the spinning objects about the size and mass of a planet, then yes. Not recommended.

[@TheLargeHardonCollider]

If what you mean is using rotational force to create a gravity-like effect in space, the answer is YES. We call this centrifugal force, because it works in the same way a centrifuge does to separate blood from plasma for example. If you imagine a giant hollow ring in space, and that ring is spinning, you could live inside that ring being pushed to the outside by centrifugal force, and you could stand up and walk. Many sci-fi movies and video-games have already used this, for example: Halo, 2001: A Space Odyssey, Interstellar, Elysium, The Martian, Europa Report, and many other sci-fi books like Ender's Game (the movie didn't show it so much). A practical example is if you held a bucket filled with water tied to a rope, and began to spin in place. As you spin faster, the bucket would to rise vertically until it was co-planar with the horizon, but no water would fall out. Real world examples NASA wants to try, is instead of building a huge ring, to have a living capsule tethered to a counterweight where we could spin both around each other to create a centrifugal force. However centrifugal force has nothing to do with reaction wheels. In practicality, we would still use a fuel-based RCS to spin these giant wheels (or tethers) up. Not sure if this is exact what you're asking, but if the question was "can rotational force create gravity-like effects" the answer is YES it can, and we've already know how to do this for a long time. With giant rotating spaceships.

[@Tarototh]

Scott, Can you do a video on solid state gyros? I saw an interview on Fraser Cain's channel where a NASA engineer mentioned them but they glossed over the explanation with no details or visuals. Supposedly these will eliminate the dreaded reaction wheel curse that keeps crippling our awesome space probes. Awesome channel. I'm a recent convert here by recommendation from Fraser's channel and I've been binge watching your science AND video games! (I've already bought 3 games on steam after you demo them)

[@svfox]

You are wrong about 3 things Mr Manley. It is my professional responsibility to point out you lack of knowledge without trying to put you down. First, You said . One sec my mom is calling me, brb.

[@TheNiqhtstyle]

He ain't back yet?

[@growinguptogethertogether5540]

I might have murderd him. Sorry

[@rickharper4533]

King r/woooooooooooooooosh

[@jaywilliams720]

Rick Harper r/woooooooooosh

[@itsahumanperson6174]

Nobody ever heard from Steven Fox again...

[@eduuK7]

Great video, I was thinking by myself a few days ago after reading in my physics book about them in the Hubble telescope, but I did not know how they overcome the dissipation of energy. Thanks for the the video, really well made and explained

[@CJHPercussion]

Wooo a dynamics-integrated Scott lecture! Love it.

[@uglyduckling81]

Thanks Scott. Just started the Gyros module in my Avionics course. This was quite interesting to relate to what I'm learning in class.

[@gabrielsolano1773]

Incredibly interesting as always Scott. Love your videos!

[@jahkob84]

thx for this nice educational bit! i really enjoyed it. you have this talent to explaining this stuff to such a detail for us "normal" people out there just interested in the subject its amazing!

[@judeevans8303]

awesome i really love these "What KSP doesnt teach you" videos.

[@bumrocky]

@scottmanley, nice vinyl collection you had back there! Thanks for this enlightening video. I look forward to what's next!

[@out4space]

I like that jacket :) Massive LP collection. Respect! Thanks for the education. Really interesting to listen to!

[@dougniergarth236]

I had not heard of the Magnetorquer. What a great little tool.

[@udlrfbak]

have you considered doing in depth guide to parts/mechanics the way Drift0r does for cod and overwatch? i would like to have a better understanding of how the game works. i also would like this series to continue.some visual aids like physical models wouldn't go amiss though.

[@killerMILLER117]

I always feel honored to watch Scott's videos. He's so smart!

[@pesterenan]

My god, I didn't know how many types of controls spacecraft's had! I was impressed by the "solar vanes" pretty cool! To counter the saturation effect, couldn't you add more CMGs?

[@timothymclean]

Adding more CMGs would only delay saturation.

[@eveoleson5160]

Needs more struts

[@michaeldonahue222]

Add more boosters

[@kadsen3531]

Need more snacks

[@KayoMichiels]

In the Cacteye telescope you have to take into account that the reaction gyro's will wear out and you simetimes have to do service missions to replace faulty gyro's...

[@samuelzehdenick4216]

They could use a free floating ball for all 3 rotations. And since they are in space, they could replace the bearings with some non-contact alternatives.

[@jinxshaddix]

this was cool. Would never have known otherwise. I like these Scott. =)

[@insylem]

That awnser alot of questions I had about reaction wheels. While I didn't know the term wheel saturation, I did wonder about that concept.

[@awsome1010101]

Very informative, would not have known any of this if not for you Scott! Thanks and keep doin what your doin.

[@ShaneSimon3D]

Great video - always wondered about gyros for attitude control.... Thanks for explaining it so well!

[@gabrielsabode]

scott, i just wanna say that you're the person who got me into physics :) thanks!

[@Proost1]

Wait, what? I'd like to talk about your album collection! NICE!! Thanks for the KSP education. Me and my boys love this educational game/sim.

[@kithsakhai]

and this is why i love this channel.

[@youtubevanced1508]

Fly safe, drinks from beer. This is a man of all man's. They need a GI Joe made for this guy.

[@Greytest]

That is so amazing! I always wondered what happens over time and didn't know about saturation! Thank you!

[@mattd390]

Great video! I had never heard of the saturation item. Thanks!!

[@nanookdan]

Hey Scott, I've been watching your videos for years. Thanks so much for your patience with us noobs

[@vorpmijunk]

So a control moment gyro turns a spacecraft kind of like the same way a drone turns? Learn something everyday, thanks Scott!

[@AngelLestat2]

Another way of attitude control is a gravity gradient, with a tether and a counterweight, this will keep the tether always normal to the earth surface, good if you want to point your instruments always down.

[@havelockvetinari9395]

You are quite into Vinyl I see. Good video as always.

[@TempestKitty]

can just listen to you talk about space things all day ^.^

[@kaijupants9095]

So with the gyroscopic control why don't they set the rotation of the wheel to a brake so they can stop the majority of the momentum. The torque created by stopping the wheels would be quite large but you could only partially stop the wheels, realign them, speed them back up, control some of the torque created, then repeat every time they become over saturated.

[@jonnymoka]

Ya he has a Led Zeppelin III record slightly showing. It’s one of my favorites!

[@telnx]

Impressive vinyl collection + great video!

[@hatman4818]

I had a similar idea to the magnetorquer. I extended the idea to propulsion as well. I thought that, given enough manipulation of electromagnets, one might be able to use the earth's magnetic field as something to push against, thereby accelerating a spacecraft. One would have to fix the issue of the spacecraft flipping the wrong way around, without oversaturating a reaction wheel or gyro all the time. Additionally, It might only be able to work in polar orbits (unless you could pull off some weird induction mechanism), which would limit its usefulness. Finally, the Earth's magnetic field might not be strong enough, so such a device might only work around gas giants where the EM field is stronger. However, the advantage is that one might be able to navigate a planetary system without burning much fuel.

[@JHelfrich]

5:24 - With regard to the CMGs aligning, is that at all similar to the problem of "gimbal lock" mentioned in Apollo 13/Lost Moon? I realize the Apollo ones were probably sensor gyros for guidance but this part of the video reminded me of that.

[@gigabic7487]

Still waiting for Scott to collaborate with Sips. They're both 40-something dads with shaved heads that do youtube for fun and profit, so i think it will do nicely to have them together, even just for one or two videos.

[@AstroHopefulBenjaminGottsch]

Coming back to this video, because I need this information for my own video.

[@Eric_D_6]

Good video, what's next in this series?

[@abxorb]

Great explanatory video! By the way: is that Boards of Canada's "Beautiful Place out in the Country" is the top left corner? Awesome space music!