Dr Kat and the Danger of Boy Kings

[@animalunaris]

Sorry I giggled a little inappropriately at your ‘they are still missing - presumed dead’ bit 😂 I mean if they’re not dead by now, they’ve got some explaining to do 😂

[@emmikay7387]

honestly, me to

[@sophroniel]

The two boys who are still alive due to being vampires: 👁🦷👄🦷👁

[@brasschick4214]

@@sophronielComing to a movie cinema near you Richard III: Vampire Slayer

[@Janelane529]

Someone call Phillipa Gregory and tell her to get started on this "Vampire Boys in the Tower" series...

[@Rosedawn321]

As a child I learned the term WASP as “white anglo saxon protestant” meaning the white-folk majority in America. Never heard of it in a particularly negative way. Feel free to use it. We Yanks are fine.

[@mishapurser7542]

I think the measure of a monarch would be to leave their country in a better state than they found it in terms of political stability, trade and economy, and the advancement of science, philosophy, and social progress.

[@ReadingthePast]

Absolutely, I agree. All too often, however, it is the monarchs that did little to advance any of these factors that get the most "coverage" and favour in historical discussions. Strange, isn't it?

[@mishapurser7542]

@@ReadingthePast It is indeed strange, in an absolute monarchy at least.

[@jonathandnicholson]

At what point did 'social progress' (what does that even mean?) become a concern for anyone? Perhaps change means some things get better as some things get worse. Few people care about the advancement of philosophy or science even today. Philosophical and scientific understanding changes rather than improves. Edward III also went to war to protect English trade with Flanders and restore Aquitaine and Normandy to the English crown after the conquest by Philip II of France. The purpose of English kingship was to uphold the Christian moral order of England. Matilda was not a 'failure' because of her sex. Matilda was never Queen of England, so she can't be either a failure or success as a monarch of England. Nor is it the case that the problem with boy kings is that seven out of 12 kings failed by your metric. Historical bias doesn't mean there is a conspiracy either - for what reason should we even study history?

[@julieblackman4969]

An American here, with a degree in history-specifically English history, so I love, love, love your channel and so wished you had been my professor at university instead of those stuffy men in tweed jackets with patches on the elbows! Their insistence at us reading three books a night and never bothering to explain them is now being remedied through your channel! I remember memorizing this string of “boy kings” and would always get tripped up on their names as many were so similar! Thank you for your refreshing views, candor and easy to understand explanation of events! Keep posting frequently!

[@sophroniel]

I recommend reading about visual processing, some call it a "mind palace" (yes, like from sherlock) if you struggle with memorising stuff like this. You imagine each one as a portrait in a mental portrait gallery; it makes it easier to memorise a bunch of disparate but similarly titled things. (Sincerely someone who struggled to memorise stuff as a teenager and used this technique to memorise all 50 of my scholarship classical studies attic krater artworks)

[@courtneywoodard994]

I don't at all understand why you don't have more subscribers. Your videos are so entertaining and informative. I've honestly learned so much, and I found your channel with some solid background knowledge. Please keep doing what you're doing!

[@TheStargazer4000]

I'm Canadian, not American, but I've never heard of the term Anglo-Saxon having a negative connotation.

[@juicylucy9479]

Unfortunately so many of my fellow Americans are offended by everything. Anglo-Saxon is a time period, and it’s sad that political correctness overrides education and getting real information.

[@HetaliaGirl1]

I've never heard of the term "Anglo-Saxon" being offensive, and I'm an American. I'm so glad I found your channel. I love history.

[@dominaevillae28]

News to this American too🤔

[@caitlanstannah6126]

I'm Canadian, 30 years old and I've never heard that either. Unless she is thinking of the term WASP ( white anglo saxon protestent ) which is used derogatory sometimes

[@gcolie]

It's ridiculous

[@jmchau]

I am from the USA and am totally unaware of any controversy surrounding the designation Anglo Saxon.

[@sharonkaczorowski8690]

Cillian OConnell it’s racial...Angle Saxon is white.

[@jmchau]

@@sharonkaczorowski8690 ok, thanks for explaining.

[@mm-yt8sf]

on one hand i'm sad that it seems everything is a sore spot for us...but i guess it's better that we have sore spots to alert us to our injuries. ideally we'd not have sore spots or injuries and be a pretty well adjusted and equal society in both practice and spirit. perhaps one day (also personally anglo saxon didn't trigger me, but i can easily see how it could be intended to be used with a racial intent rather than the bland literal meaning....almost anything can and often does here) :-( i think it's cool that dr kat takes so much into consideration (both past and present and near and far)

[@sharonkaczorowski8690]

WASP used to stand for white Anglo Saxon Protestant...a code word for someone who was up tight, racis and stuck in the past...also privileged. Like all catch whole terms it was a stereotype. I decided long ago that stereotyping human beings is a slippery slope.

[@AlphaGoII]

@@sharonkaczorowski8690 Yes, those White Anglo-Saxon Pioneers

[@Dreymasmith]

Loved this, but just a note on Aethelraed (if you see this, which you may not, so very much later). Unraed did not mean "unready" - that is a modern misunderstanding of his name. It actually meant "no counsel" or "uncounselled" and was a nickname applied to him in his lifetime. So his name was, in translation, Noble Counsel the No Counsel (or Uncounselled). Not the legacy he probably had in mind.

[@jakual339]

I've often thought that Henry would have been much better off just accepting the lack of a male heir, and throwing everything at Mary as the heir. She was well-educated, popular among the English people, and she had powerful connections in Europe through her mother's family. With a smart marriage (and ideally a couple of children of her own, if that marriage had not been delayed), and then a solid few years of near co-rule with her father, and no close male relatives as competitors to her claim? Henry could have died with her about as securely placed to take the throne as any woman in Europe could have been. Even with the chaos that Henry created during his reign, there was only the one pretender when she took power... and even that was over religious conflict, not her sex. It wasn't like he was sitting on a pack of bloodthirsty younger brothers, or anything. It seems like the lesson Henry took from the Anarchy was "women inheriting the throne leads to disaster", when the lesson he *should* have taken was "old men who changing the succession at the last minute because they refuse to accept a female heir leads to disaster". Speaking of which, though, the Anarchy sounds like such a fascinating topic (if you ever find yourself shy of video topics).

[@heatheralice89]

I think it would have suprised King Henry VIII to find out that both his two daughters became Queens in their own right besides his son. I think it would have suprised him more to learn that his youngest daughter was Queen of England for about 45 years!

[@cherylwright3917]

You're certainly right about that! Not only ruling for 45 years but doing so without consort or giving up one iota of her power to any man. She was truly amazing, especially for that time period. For any time period really. She's my hero.

[@debbie7490]

It’s a woke historian.I can’t stand it when history is rewritten for people who go solely on feelings.Get over it

[@taebundy658]

Surprised..... Or horrified???? 😹😹

[@gypsydonovan]

@@debbie7490 huh?

[@williethomas5116]

@@debbie7490 Really? How childish. The point of history is to look both in terms of historical context and modern perspective. That is being a historian not "woke" please leave this politicized rhetoric for the hate pamphlets. Dr Kay is an excellent historian who provides a great understanding of the past. Rather than come for the truth there are plenty of historians in America only interested in telling you what you want/need to hear.

[@mhl6951]

I am from the States and I have never heard of that phrase being offensive....???? I love your videos by the way, so happy I found you.

[@Lisa85]

idontcare Anglo Saxon unfortunately has been used by white supremacists for some of their groups. I just found this channel too and have been binging! So interesting 😊

[@Chief2Moon]

idontcare History doesn't teach the same events with the thoroughness they did when I was a student 50-55yrs ago in the U.S.

[@ayliea3974]

Probably because you're not old enough. In the 1970s there was a derision of Anglo Saxons as they were blamed for all sorts of crimes like invading America, killing the Native Americans, oppressing the African Americans. Hmm.... A lot of this is true. My people weren't here until 1900, so... Still, I apologize. But we're not Anglo Saxons anyway.

[@karlkarlos3545]

@@ayliea3974 The Anglo Saxons were a historical people (Angels and Saxons), arriving to Britain from the areas that are now North Germany, Denmark and Netherlands. What you are referring to are just simple the English centuries later. Being offended by using a historical term, such as Anglo Saxons, in his correct context is simply idiotic.

[@csc7225]

I’m American and I’ve never heard of Anglo-Saxon being offensive either. However, perhaps bec it is one of my favorite historical and architectural periods, it would never occur to me!

[@christinaridder1451]

I'm also American and have never heard of someone being offended by Anglo Saxon. It's a race just like any other. I'm English of Anglo Saxon and Celtic descent. That's what I am. It's not like we get to choose.

[@georgeorwell5343]

It wasn't even a race. It was one of many groups of people that converged on the British Isle from surrounding areas. . They just happen to be white.

[@04nbod]

@@georgeorwell5343 Its an ethnicity, not a race.

[@williethomas5116]

It is a term used by white supremacist in the US. Though ironically most in America are not.

[@theprimitiveblackhatsociet8274]

Hmmm...I am an American and in my 62 years I have never heard the term ‘Anglo Saxon’ being offense. It means the same thing here in the states as it does in the UK.

[@claireisabella7186]

That may be generational. As an american from a younger generation, I can confirm that I have heard the discussion is around the way it has seemingly been usurped by the alt right white nationalists. in other words, racism.

[@Tnt4love]

It's currently being co-opted by the extreme right and white supremacists, like Norse/Viking imagery previously.

[@angelwhispers2060]

Anglo-Saxon and Caucasian were interchangeably used before the second world war to delineate white people and for a long time citizenship in America was restricted to white land-owning males only. Look up the history of redlining and how black soldiers from World War 1 and World War 2 were screwed out of their housing benefits and you will begin to see the problem. Honestly I didn't know s*** about it either until I went to University. You can also use the search term racial Covenant on housing.

[@wilfordfraser6347]

Love you Dr, Kat! I have been binge watchig all of your uploads! They are the most refreshing thing on youtube! Please please keep posting!

[@a.jlondon9039]

I am a Canadian of Anglo-Saxon descent. Canada is multi-cultural so I asked my friends of different ethnicities if they were "offended" by the term. None of them gave a damn about it. Whitewashing history is extremely dangerous. My mother was a curator of a Black History Museum. Yes, I am a mix of many cultures. Mother posted the KKK Manifesto in the museum and mainly whites were "offended". She admonished these people and replied that she was Proud of the struggles of her people Rising Up Against Racism and this Manifesto was something to remember as not to have such stupidity to continue. The Germans keep the Concentration Camps open to the public for the same reason. So Tired of small minds being "Offended" by history. Those are the fools destined to Repeat it.

[@mhl6951]

I agree with you so much!

[@julzmgrforll7278]

Could not have said it better.

[@TheSuzberry]

Nice story about your mom. But this is Kat’s channel, she has chosen her terminology and explained why. End of.

[@annmolloy8600]

Suzanne Berry she has made the explanation about the differences between UK and US meanings and gave an apology if the terminology offended some. Then she should have proceeded to use the term Anglo Saxon given the UK usage as a mixture of the main ethnicities which comprised Britain at the time. I am so tired of academics changing terminology on a whim. It is condescending to think that some viewers could not understand her meaning. This sort of thing should be stamped out and not encouraged.

[@annmariethomas9968]

Ann Molloy So true. Good comment. People need to speak up and defend themselves or we will find ourselves oppressed and in a country we don’t recognize very soon.

[@kcbooks1354]

I'm in the US and Anglo-Saxon doesn't bother me. It's history; it just is what it is. Those were the players. Anyway, love your videos!!!!!!!

[@maryellenbashaw8390]

I agree it is a marker of geography at the time. nothing more.

[@Kiki_Reborn]

In reference to what constitutes a successful King, I believe it's leaving the country in a better state than when you came to the throne. Any fool can produce a male heir ( or so we assume) but it takes a lot more courage to run a country to the benefit of the people.

[@Catbirdmom2]

Also an American here. Never heard of the term Anglo-Saxon as offensive. It is a descriptive term of a time period and a people as far as I’m concerned. Use it to your heart’s content as far as I’m concerned. If anyone is offended by a factual description they are simply too sensitive to function in society and should just stay in their parent’s basement forever.

[@Dolly-bc1dy]

I agree. I was so confused as I had no idea that Anglo-Saxon was an offensive term.

[@annmolloy8600]

Dolly7542 it’s not offensive except to academic types who push it.

[@angelcitygirl]

Agree. California native. Didn't know what she was talking about - with the term being offensive.

[@wanderinghistorian]

I think what she's referring to are white supremacists who use it in their hate speech. They've basically replaced Aryan with Anglo-Saxon in order to sound less...Nazi. Still, I agree, it's a legitimate historical term and we shouldn't avoid using it in academic discussion.

[@t.m.a.3665]

I’m sorry your last comment about people staying in their parents basement forever made me laugh out loud ! 👵🏼🥰💜👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@debtansey89]

I'm an American and have never heard of Anglo Saxon being offensive.

[@annemchurchwell]

Same here, and with being interested in history I don't see the point of being insulted or being hurt by things that happened in the past . It is the past and it is there for us to learn from. You can judge the past by today's standards because it just doesn't work.

[@TheSuzberry]

Dr. Kat’s channel, her rules.

[@kamion53]

isn't it a part of the term WASP...White Anglo Saxon Protestant? I don't know if that term is offensive, but the fact was an unicum by being the first Catholic president of the USA, just a Obama was an unicyum as being the first black president, says a lot. Being WASP long time has given some ill-earned pride. you could be poor and economical unsuccesfull, but you still were WASP, therefor better ( in your own eyes) then every other non-WASP group.

[@FreyaCatherineMusic]

21:28 made me giggle 'they are still missing, presumed dead' Well it's.been hundreds of years, I'd assume they aren't alive anymore!

[@ReadingthePast]

😉

[@TheBeetress]

Me too. Imagine if the mystery of the princes in the tower was solved by one of them turning up and saying "Hi 👍"

[@indianajane8694]

The shadowy figures of two lost little boys - holding hands - are a relatively common sight in the White Tower, as they drift between rooms and melt into the walls.

[@Dawn24Michele]

She meant, no one knows. There are accounts they did survive the tower. They should know by now to be honest. Enough ppl have willfully given up the rights and control of their DNA. Surely by now, if the princes had lived, someone would have matched true DNA. If they had lived, as some claim, their DNA would have been found by now. Combine that with the fact skeletons matching the description of the boys were found within the stairs, presumed dead is a very good presumption.

[@MK-lj3mh]

Thank you for your videos. I'm so glad I found this channel as I always learn something new and you pose great questions. Regarding the controversy over the term Anglo-Saxon, I never knew it was a thing until your video. However, a basic and quick search did indeed reveal that some people consider the term to be problematic, as it has been adopted by some white supremacist circles, and also consider it to be historically inaccurate. Thank you for the enlightenment.

[@MissMeganBeckett]

Thank you for writing about why she said “Anglo Saxon” was problematic, everyone else seemed to be in agreement that they’d never heard anything about it having problematic connotations. I personally hadn’t heard anything about it before, but I don’t live in the US so I probably wouldn’t know anything about it anyways.

[@phoebedoesit4168]

Aaaahhhhh ok. I was so confused, but it makes sense now! White supremacists will bastardize any part of history that they can in order to fit their narrative.

[@JAV619]

I love your videos Dr. Kat. My favorite part is always when you say, "You're VERY welcome". #heart emoji

[@barbaral743]

I'm an American of Scottish Dutch ancestry. A British colleague told me that "Anglo Saxon" denotes a specific ancestry to Brits and the term is used more generically in the US as "white European"

[@Annie_Annie__]

I’ve definitely heard “Anglo-Saxon” and “Anglo” used to mean white person of northern and western European ancestry. It’s also used as a shorthand for “white people that aren’t Latino/Hispanic”. I wouldn’t call it offensive, so much as incorrect. But I’m not sure of a word to replace it with in those contexts that isn’t more problematic.

[@christina1wilson]

It took me a few minutes (also American), but I figured she was referring to WASP: white Anglo Saxon Protestants.

[@gingertunstall7739]

You have heard WASP?

[@wendygerrish4964]

I agree with you Barbara. It is such a shame too.

[@janewright315]

I live in the states though I am not American. I must say I've never heard of "Anglo Saxon" being offensive, especially as an objectively accurate term for a historical time period. While I do appreciate the consideration of other people's perspectives and perceptions- very much so-, there is something to be said to having an educational system that teaches world history properly for the populace to understand different contexts as well as names for time periods.

[@Dawn24Michele]

Are you not a US citizen? If not, why do you choose to live in a country which you do not wish to be a citizen of?

[@janewright315]

@@Dawn24Michele Did I say I wasn't a citizen? What an amazing collection of fallacies and assumptions in your comments. May hap we found our first right wing troll. Way to be an example of my statement.

[@Dawn24Michele]

@@janewright315 did I say you weren't a citizen? No, no I sure didn't. I asked if you were and if not why not. Nothing more. You read what you wanted to read in that statement because you're just itching for an argument. I was merely curious if you were an academic on visa and was going to ask you about your culture. However, now I see you are part of the parasite which exists solely to destroy the host from within. A multi ethnic nation flourishes. A multi cultural nation collapses upon itself. There has never been a multi cultural nation which has survived. The USA will be no different. So you keep looking for your arguments. You keep your ”I live in America and take advantage of all being an American has to offer, but I am not an American" pistol locked and loaded. However, remember to explain to your offspring that you caused the turbulence in which they must suffer. That is your legacy to them. Congratulations.

[@janewright315]

@@Dawn24Michele my bad then, saw your other rude comments and assumed. Good to know I seemed to be correct about your character

[@Dawn24Michele]

@@janewright315 rudeness is a matter of perception. Many people have a hard time with the truth. Hence the saying "the truth hurts". If you don't want to answer the questions you opened the door to that's ok you. Don't aren't too trust it around in me. That's equivalent to causing a ten car pile up then blaming Karl Benz for inventing cars. You did it. You are responsible. No one else. Call me anything you like. Make all the accusations which make you feel better about yourself, but the fact remains the attitude problem here, is yours. You made false allegations toward me based on your audition that I was making assumptions. Then you admit you were the one who wrongfully made assumptions and yet you still project your disgust of assumptions unto me. Who is that I wonder. What culture does that and believed themselves superior for doing so? You've stepped in it Jane. At any rate, enjoy feeding upon your host. When it's gone whose fault will it be. Yours for consuming and destroying that which provides life for you or America's for not being a larger host for which you too consume?

[@calendarpage]

I'm in the US, a female of color, a bit of an Anglophile, PhD, and a retired academic. I have never been offended by, nor heard of anyone else who was offended by, 'Anglo-Saxon.' I don't know what's it's like on UK campuses, but there are enough snowflakes here that are offended by everything that I'm sure I would have run into someone who was offended by the term, but I haven't. Please use the terms of your discipline as you deem appropriate.

[@madmonkee6757]

Yeah, I've never heard of it being offensive either. (Though, as a language major, when I hear Anglo-Saxon, I mostly think of the language, of course. Sadly, it's one I never learned to read. One day, perhaps [after my Hebrew is better].)

[@Visplight]

You need to understand that a lot of the newest "X word is offensive" online movements are really just bad faith trolling. This is probably just the newest troll.

[@Annie_Annie__]

I was confused by this too. I live in an area that’s predominantly Latinx/Hispanic and “Anglo” is used as a kind of shorthand to describe white people that aren’t Latinx, Brazilian, Italian, Persian, etc. Basically to mean white people whose ancestors come from Great Britain, France, Germany, or the Scandinavian countries. All I can figure when it comes to controversy over “Anglo” or “Anglo-Saxon” is that some White Nationalists have tried coopting the term to describe themselves as the “superior race” (Uhg, typing that phrase made me feel ill). For years they’ve been trying to claim it and use it in much the same way that the Nazis used “Aryan”. But to my knowledge they haven’t been all that successful. Though, I wonder if in areas where there’s a lot of white supremacist groups if “Anglo-Saxon” has more negative weight tied to it. Maybe it’s very regional.

[@limegreenmamba5218]

Perhaps she is concerned about the negative connotation of WASPs?

[@namelia4439]

Lime Green Mamba - that’s what I was thinking...

[@lindsey7951]

As an american I've never heard of anglo saxons being used as an insult we are taught about them in school and we say it freely

[@CornbreadOracle]

Another American who’s never heard of anyone being offended by the term ‘Anglo Saxon’.

[@MsLogjam]

Ditto. Once when I was watching "The Eastenders" years ago, I saw Arthur Fowler have a meltdown after his Pakistani employer referred to white English folks such as himself as natives. "Natives??? He called us 'natives'!" and so forth. I didn't get it. I was thinking, but you are natives, aren't you?

[@gingertunstall7739]

The designation White Anglo Saxon Protestant or WASP is not used with affection.

[@04nbod]

Dr Kat is being overly concerned here. I would also say, its British history. It is what it is. It is the name our ancestors referred to themselves as. So even if someone is using it badly, they don't get to keep it. It isn't theirs. Use it in its proper context

[@damonopera4760]

Kia Ora Dr. Kat, fan here from Her Majesties Realm of New Zealand (Aotearoa). The passion you have for history shines through, and a pleasure to watch. I was about 8 when I read a book about Henry VIII, I was hooked from then, till this day. I had to know what happened before Henry and how things continued long after his death. It's a fascinating hobby, and for me now at 38, is part of my down time after a busy week and filled some of the more tedious hours during lockdown. Chilling out reading, watching/listening to lectures, bloggers and KZbinrs isn't everybody's cup of tea, but for me, pure bliss! 💯🙌

[@jonathanconnor8190]

It makes you wonder how different British history would have been if Maude/Matilda had become Queen like her father Henry 1 had wanted.

[@freedpeeb]

I have always thought it was just the prejudice against women, and the doubt that they could control the male court, as well as purely an egotistical, dominating personality, that made Henry eighth try so hard for a male heir. Thank you for these videos!

[@Mistressrichards]

It doesn't help that the girls in general were not given much of an education. If you tell someone something long enough they begin to believe it. Additionally there were preachers who were taught and promoted the idea that women deserved what they got due to the transgression of the first woman.

[@meganquirk2524]

Literally my morning routine at the minute is a coffee and one of these films! Makes the day go so much smoother 👌👌☕️

[@hms23193]

Since I have watched the show The Last Kingdom on Netflix I’m excited that I’m at least familiar with Mercia and the other places mentioned along with some historical names. Keeping in mind a tv show isn’t super factual but the fact I recognize the names is so fun for me 😂

[@ImCarolB]

As an American, I'm glad to see that no one seems to find anything offensive in the term Anglo-Saxon. However, in my childhood, people used the term "WASP", an acronym for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, to describe the privileged population who considered themselves the model for American culture as opposed to the "melting pot". Perhaps that is what some people reacted to.

[@kendelrenee1]

I feel that Dr. Kat would rather be safe than cause offense.

[@Cindy-by3ho]

WASP is a term referring to the Japanese, not the Anglo Saxon.

[@ImCarolB]

@@Cindy-by3ho Since when?

[@dominaevillae28]

WASP White Anglo Saxon Protestant

[@marshaprice8226]

Matilda lived 400 years before Henry - a long time on which to base a prejudice. Other than Edward, there wasn’t a Stephen to contest a female’s rule and a lot of men were willing to accept a woman’s rule. I think Henry had other problems with his ego than just an idea that the kingdom had to be ruled by a male.

[@TheSuzberry]

A “successful” king is one whose allies write his history.

[@whaleymom76]

...or whose detractors have nothing significant to write about 🙂

[@Mistressrichards]

LOL :D

[@annemorton7724]

Great video! There's an excellent Wikipedia article "19th-century Anglo-Saxonism" which explains how the use of the term Anglo-Saxon in the context of implying racial superiority has made people wary of using it in other contexts.

[@gcolie]

Seriously?

[@annmariethomas9968]

Thank you for this channel. I enjoy the topics you choose. I hadn’t heard that a term, used for hundreds of years, and with with actual meaning, has now been essentially banned by a small group of people. That intelligent people are falling for this is quite sad.

[@kimberlyperrotis8962]

I love finding videos of yours that I’ve not yet seen, they’re a treat. My reward for spending over 1.5 hours on phone-hold for a US government service, they closed all offices in March and never re-opened.

[@vickibamman8333]

Is it accurate to say that Matilda failed as a queen regnant - did she even get a chance to rule? Stephen’s claim to the throne seems to have been pushed almost at once.

[@TheWordOfGodIsFictionProveIt]

I absolutely adore your channel. So refreshing to have recent analyses on moments in history.

[@sweetalice7475]

Dr Kat, thank you so much for these fascinating videos. As seems to be a common thread in several comments sections, I only discovered your videos in the past week and have been making up for lost time. I am impressed at how skillfully you present and edit each subject, fitting so much into a manageable amount of time. I have learned new facts even from videos on subjects I thought I knew fairly well. I look forward to catching up and I eagerly await your future offerings.

[@passionforlust]

The subject of history is never dull to me, thanks for bringing it forward with such vividness!

[@joha790]

Thanks for another fascinating, vivid and exciting tour of English Monarchy. It has evoked so many fond moments I have spent reading books, watching films and documentaries and visting historical places. You have rekindled my desire to continue learning about this tremendous subject.

[@allanfifield8256]

21:20 ". . . they are still missing." Any day now . . .

[@kirstena4001]

What an interesting way of examining these kings! One measure of 'success' that would have been interesting might have been military prowess. Although not boy kings, I'm thinking of, for example, the popular perceptions of Richard 1 versus John. By your 3 criteria, Richard would have been an unsuccessful king, while John would have beem successful.. Just throwing this is for discussion; I'm really enjoying and learning from your videos :)

[@clewrites]

For example a king could be successful and improve his nation but die in battle and be infertile.

[@EnglishTMTB]

I was under the impression that "the unready" was something of an error that stuck - that contemporaneously it was rather "the unread" (sans the Y), implying unprepared and/or not sufficiently guided

[@gypsydonovan]

Me too

[@dawnmason9558]

I would love it if you could do a program on St Kenelm the Welsh boy King beheaded in Romsley West Midlands.

[@ContextShakespeare1740]

Love your videos, this made me laugh the boys in the tower, in the 1470's. "They are still missing presumed dead". I think definitely dead by now! He He!

[@julesm9498]

I've never heard of Anglo-Saxon being offensive, never.

[@ginadelfina5887]

Yes, agreed, I am also from the U.S. and have never heard of the term Anglo-Saxon being loaded.

[@robynw6307]

Question: If a King dies whilst his Queen is pregnant and there are no male heirs yet - is the succession paused until the birth of that child in case it is male?

[@tootieq6527]

Wow, I’m American, and I have never heard of the term Anglo Saxon being offensive. In fact, I’ve used it many times in reference to my own heritage.

[@EmilyAlice]

I’ve recently found your channel and have been binge watching! It’s so good to finally find a channel that discusses what you do so eloquently!

[@betttrbeth]

I’m picturing this as a poster for schools: The Boy King Boyband

[@emems6620]

I have been binge watching your videos the past few days

[@BlackCatMargie]

Thank you for this talk. I really enjoyed this comparison of the boy kings! I can think of a few European boy kings who also became mere pawns of the nobility. Women, on the other hand, very often showed strength and leadership when they were allowed power. Isabel of Castile being one of the best examples. Oh, and while I have heard of the controversy over the term Anglo-Saxon, I can't say I understand it. Maybe there's another vlog topic for you there? 😀

[@pinkcrayon10]

Hi, as for Empress Matilda whose son ends up on the throne after her being defeated by Stephen, can the same be said of Mary Queen of Scots, that she too lost the battle with Elizabeth but won the war, with her son James succeeding Elizabeth?

[@SunflowerSpotlight]

Such a good point that not many people seem to discuss. This observation will stick with me!

[@redforrori]

That lipstick looks great on you :)

[@lucyosborne9239]

I hadn't seen this video Dr. Kat and I'm so glad to have found it. I am American, born in Boston. Being a white Anglo-Saxon Christian by birth (I'm now Buddhist) I attended arguably the best girl's boarding school in the US. Despite that history, I've managed not to continue the stereotype of careless wealth, stuffy snobbery and deep racism that accompanies the label "White Anglo-Saxon Protestant". I've felt the sting of that loaded phrase many times, to such a degree that when someone asks for my racial/social background I say I'm from the Human Race. If pressed, I say that I'm mixed Norse, through Rollo of Normandy and Briton through the predecessors of the Celts and Picts. The hate is not even subtle: doors slammed on my feet, people spitting at me, assumptions about what I think and why and oh, let's not forget being deliberately run over by a truck. Believe me, it's a curse unless you are among the top 0.01% that own this country, in which case one can simply insulate oneself so as not to be among those who would even make that observation let alone fracture your toes in a slammed door. It's reverse racism/classism and the minute I step outside my door I have to put on a mask and be the soul of self-deprecating courtesy because I like my toes, nose, fingers and mind intact.

[@XtreamBrands]

I finally started to watch you after KZbin suggested you. So glad I did! I am happily addicted to your rich content and most pleasant presentation. I could listen and watch you all day

[@TheBeetress]

11:56 I think you can count Edgar as a boy king, if you count Edward the 5th as a king. Both were seen as the heir, both didnt have a coronation and their eventual supplanter were in the picture from the beginning of their reigns.

[@beth7935]

Good point!

[@peterl2123]

thank you so much for sharing your knowledge and passion. I have been watching your videos throughout the lockdown and really enjoyed them. I was a big Tudor history fan so a lot of those videos were fun way to enrich my existing knowledge and your non Tudor videos have been very informative, easy to follow and well presented. Throughly enjoying your content. Wishing you continued success in the future

[@peterl2123]

also side note - for pride month would you consider doing a LGBT history video in medieval societies? I dont know if the content would be a bit depressing so might not work but would be interesting to learn about LGBT people in the past

[@renshiwu305]

The plotters on the Privy Council wanted to overturn Edward IV's will precisely because it would have allowed them access to power and prestige of the type that came to pass during Edward VI's extended minority. These plotters were the Woodvilles, churchmen, various nobles or a combination of all three. I'm sure that, with Henry VI's childhood reign still within living memory, there were those who were glad that Richard III assumed the throne.

[@IntrepidFraidyCat]

I'm of Anglo-Saxon ancestry and I live in south Texas where the vast majority of the population is of Hispanic descent. The term "Anglo" is in fact used as a derogatory term for any caucasian person here. But I've never heard the entire "Anglo-Saxon" term used in that way...ever. Love your channel and I'm SO glad KZbin finally decided to lead me to it! I hope it continues to grow.

[@meghanwalker8865]

“Anglo” on its just means English though, and the Anglo-Saxon term is related to other things

[@IntrepidFraidyCat]

@@meghanwalker8865 Yeah, but it's said in a very derogatory way..."f*cking anglo" and the like.

[@CaitlinSk]

@Reading the Past I still get a laugh whenever I think of you watching "The Spanish Princess" and going "wow he's big for a 10 yr old"

[@causticchameleon7861]

I’m in the USA and never heard anything in regards to Anglo Saxon. Judging from the comments on this video, someone has been feeding you a line or is some PC brigade person that is offend by the air everyone breaths.

[@dmitriypismenyuk7310]

Thank you for the channel. Great topics eloquently and elegantly explained. I enjoy every subject.Hopefully your videos get more expanded in length. At any rate your channel is fantastic for anyone interested in history.

[@trucksr4gurls]

i know it's out of your purvey but i would love to see a video about boudica

[@mikereger1186]

Hooray! Good to see Saxons get coverage. So much to talk about and so seldom discussed. I’d also rank Aethelred “Unraed” as the worst English king of all time - even worse than John. John did not have an entire city massacred, and he didn’t keep a treacherous serpent the equal of Eadric Streona around either.

[@theaxe6198]

Is that the unready?

[@lovethedonald6844]

If some nitwit is offended by referring to something by it's proper name ... that's their problem. From a Yank.

[@charleston1789]

It does occur (but I may be wrong, this is just conjecture) that Henry VIII likely didn't see a pattern of unsuccessful boy kings in the same way he saw the failure of Matilda. Given the utter conviction at the time that men were superior to women, the negative trend of having boy kings was probably not even considered, or their troubles always explained/excused away by other circumstances at the time. However because of the rarity of a woman acceding the throne, it stands out more and is scrutinised more critically. Any failing of an oppressed group can be used as ammunition by the people who hold power, even if that is hypocritical. Again, all supposition but it could be a factor.

[@MarijkeMayerDutchTexts]

I love your presentations. Very well researched! I don't mean to deviate, but I read the White Ship by Charles Spencer and would enjoy seeing your take on this.

[@katszulga1888]

The princes in the Tower are "missing, and presumed dead." Okay, I laughed.

[@jldisme]

Excellent videoI don't believe that Henry was too worried that his son was succeeding him as a boy. He was definitely a huge egotist, and he believed that he had made the perfect plan for a Regency Council, and I feel that his egotism would ensure that he felt that his son his son would be at least as good as he was as king.

[@LadyTaurus95]

Joining the party of American's who have never been offended by anglo-saxon and have no idea who would be. To me it is a time period and mixed Germanic and celtic roots.

[@julzmgrforll7278]

I think Edgar counts. If he had not been count worthy it would never have been necessary for him to submit to William.

[@beth7935]

Good point!

[@kristencole1649]

I'm American and have never thought Anglo Saxon as offensive. :-) It is what it is. Many of my ancestors were from England, Scotland and Ireland! Not offended I love your videos!

[@seriouslyjoking2]

Wondering why many died in their beds...poison? Sickness? I can only imagine how easily these boy Kings could have been manipulated.

[@KayKayon]

Henry VIII unfortunately was acutely aware of what could happen to a boy king. He literally only had look back to recent generations to his uncle (Edward V) and great-uncle (Henry VI). The fact that Henry ordered a council be put in place to rule until his son was of age instead of a regent may have been a result of what happened when his grandfather died. While factionalism flourished during Henry VI’s minority, the council structure did work, for the most part, for many years.

[@kathleenem9207]

I also have never heard of a negative connotation associated with the term “Anglo-Saxon.” What else can you accurately call the Germanic inhabitants of England between the 5th century and the Norman Conquest? I think you may cause confusion if you don’t use the term. Go ahead, Dr Kat- we can take it. K in NJ, USA. By the way history, especially English, is my hobby. I am enjoying your channel as a new subscriber.

[@caravij5540]

Who else wants a Dr. Kat - Reading the Past Potcast? I sure do.

[@georgetodd1753]

Hi Dr. Kat..When I watch your shows, I go to my family tree, and follow along.. Ethelred the Unready was my 29th Great Grandfather..!

[@hjahansouz]

I am from the US but never heard of That phrase being offensive. Love your channel.

[@robertajeffries7505]

Love all your knowledge, wish I'd of had a teacher like you in the 1970's. From The 🇺🇸

[@lynnedelacy2841]

I would have thought Henry Vlll would have been desperately disappointed that his longed for son was not hale and hearty as he was in his youth, and no doubt in laying out the order his children should reign after him was an indication that he thought his son would not last long. I would hope he recognised that Edward was an intelligent boy. Far more of interest to me would be his opinion of his daughters as he brought them back into the fold in chronological order of their birth which means all ‘bastard’ references seem to have been expunged . I wonder what he thought of the, as individuals - did he spend enough time with them to get a sense of who they were. In particular Elizabeth - did she show her strength of spirit to him as a child or did she just keep her head down after what he had done to her mother - indeed did Mary do the same ?

[@jasperhorace7147]

Was Edwards health failing at Henry’s death, though?

[@corallewis3093]

There is just too much I could say on this video! I love the info but I hope that in the near future you could elaborate more in depth on these Kings individually because I'm not sure if King Henry II was supposed to be King at all and that he was crazy AND stole his Queen of Auqutaine lands, is that right? Plus they are buried together?? Then King Henry III killed his best friend in war right? Plus he was a liar and manipulator? Had monks beat him to get back his people?? Fascinating story behind him as well.. Thank you so much!!

[@MsLogjam]

Perhaps the term 'WASP' is offensive to some people who have too much time on their hands.

[@justthecoolestdudeyo9446]

I'd love to hear more about this debate about the Anglo-Saxon Controversy... I've not heard of it, despite being American! I appreciate that you're taking the extra effort regardless not to upset people needlessly, it's a basic decency too many lack

[@fionaduffy1468]

The issue with the term “Anglo-Saxon” is not that it has become a slur, it is that the white supremacist movement has high jacked it to mean white European people and culture. “Anglo-Saxon” is code for “white people who are superior to all other cultures and races”. It is very sad that a bland historical descriptor for a cultural group has taken on this sinister undertone but for now it is a loaded term used to drive a wedge between cultural groups and between races.

[@Rachel-art-and-design]

I love all your videos Kat. Always look forward to Friday’s with a new upload. Been looking at some older videos that I missed. Love history. I too was a bit baffled by the Anglo Saxon controversy. I’ve never heard of anyone being upset over. I don’t like it when I have to tick a box under race on a form that gives me the option of “White”. I always write in other that I’m Northern European. Lol. There’s only one race anyway. Human. Give Gabriel some extra smooches.

[@kathyclark3376]

Haven't the bodies of the two missing boys been found in a wall in the Tower of London? I think they were but I could be wrong. I really enjoy your history lessons. Thank you, Kate.

[@-Reagan]

You’re right that two skeletons of approximately the same age as the princes were found in the tower and they were brought out and buried in the chapel as the princes, with a proper burial. Unfortunately, that was long before DNA or any testing could possibly conclude their age or carbon or other dating pinpoint the time they’d have lived or died. So, while there was no way to prove conclusively whether they were the princes held in the tower, it’s highly likely. There are still many historians who still wonder if they were really the princes. Whomever they were, they were small children and they deserved to be given the respect they were denied in life.

[@dfuher968]

Im sorry, but the correct term for that period is Anglo-Saxon, coming from the ppl, who had at that time colonized Britain, the Angles and the Saxons. If some American snowflakes get offended by an objective historical term, then the solution is NOT to change it to placate ppl, who clearly neither understand nor respect the history, it is to tell history as it is. If they are openminded ppl capable of learning, they will listen and learn. If they are not, then they will be offended by anything and everything, and u should NOT change reality and especially not history for such ppl. If they are unwilling to accept reality, that is their problem, and the vast majority of us, who cherish and respect history, should not be exposed to revisionist history because of such closeminded contrarians. In fact, it only makes it even more important to stick with the correct terms and the correct history, coz if theyre offended by the term, the next thing, theyre offended by and want changed, is the history itself, and that is a very dangerous slippery slope. If anything, changing history and correct historical terms due to these snowflakes, that offends ME.

[@lilliedoubleyou3865]

*standing ovation*

[@JiminPalmSprings]

I grew up in the United States in Connecticut and the use of the term Anglo Saxon to describe the pre-Norman period is not offensive at all..… I also know the pre-1066 era as Anglo-Saxon

[@Odanti]

Dr Kat. Outstanding! I love the way you can go through all the facts of one boy King to the next and so on. My mind likes fact and more facts, and more data, please. 👍😁 What I would like to know, iDr Kat is what are the three you thought was the most successful of the boy kings?

[@alyciab7417]

What would you say of the female rule of Eleanor of Aquitaine? She was not a Regnant Queen, but it seems that she basically ruled as one while her son (Richard I), it further seems, preferred battle to Kingship.

[@mm-yt8sf]

it's so true...simple questions like were they successful (or good) is in fact terribly difficult because one has to define success :-D also the question of who counts can also be tricky (edgar the aetheling) since any definition will eventually have borderline conditions. it reminded me of the counting of doctors in doctor who and the ninth (war doctor) which i've only read about, not having seen most of the series :-D

[@GreatGreebo]

Please use Anglo-Saxon. I’m in the USA and I’ve never heard of any person being offended or upset by this term (I spent 10 years at University). IF someone is actually upset by this benign term, they are probably of a nature that is continually offended 24/7, and there’s nothing anyone can do about that. Please do not change your terms because of a potential “American Snowflake”.

[@mariannetaylor4293]

Exactly, when we have people complaining to the point that the correct terms can't be used in relation to a period of history then we are in trouble. If they knew the correct meaning they wouldn't be offended

[@wendygerrish4964]

An Epistemological problem in the States where the factions of all kinds are beginning to brew up a storm...I just watched Dr Kat's St Bartholomew's Day massacre..yikes a likeness of which almost happened on January the 6th there. I think Dr Kat is most sensible to navigate safely the ship.

[@countbalerionofhousetatter2624]

the stewarts of scotland perhaps also supply a cautionary tale about boy kings. there was a lengthy period in the 15th and 16th centuries when all the rulers of scotland came to the throne as minors. there were long regencies and the monarchy became weak as a result, and the nobility got out of control. the cycle was finally broken by james vi (ironically also a boy king), who ended up becoming james i of england.

[@kamion53]

right from the implication that Anglo-Saxon might be offensive in the USA, it is also a misnamer for the pre Norman period. The socalled AngloSaxon invasion was probably a myth based on Bede's writing. Archeology shows a continium from the Roman periode to the Norman period in which there was more a change of fashion then a displacement of inhabitants. Maybe due to the intense contact with the continent the language used also changed from Celtic to Germanic. early Old-English texts show a Celtic grammatical base under the use of Germanic words. There is a good documentery about it here; kzbin.info/www/bejne/qnyYiKV5qMp5j6s king arthur's britain. I like to see Dr.Kat's take on that matter. because I like her own uncluttered and critical vieuws on history very much.

[@EnglishTMTB]

Indeed, I thought that was going to be why it wasn't referred to as such - always an interesting topic of discussion!

[@04nbod]

Depends on your definition of 'invasion'. Invite a few Germanic mercenaries sure, but then they never stop coming you might feel a bit invaded.

[@kamion53]

@@04nbod the invasion I wrote about is the all too famous idea that Brittania was conquered by Hengist anf Horsa as the first Germanic tribe commanders and surplanting the Celtic speaking Brits by Germanic speaking Angles, Saxons and Jutes. Archeology shows only the language used changed but not the people. Kind of the same happened in Ireland, the Irish abondened Gaelic for English, but that did not made then Englishmen, far the contrary they stayed being Irish.