The Material Science of Metal 3D Printing

[@RealEngineering]

I do not have enough time to make a teamtrees video for Real Engineering, but we did make a video about methods to conserve rainforest habitats over on Real Science. I planted 1000 trees yesterday over on teamtrees.org. Every tree gets us closer to our 20 million target. kzbin.info/www/bejne/o4eZeH9th9eLsJo

[@zhengjia9580]

Real Engineering science and conserve spelt wrongly lol

[@maxclark2136]

I was just about to comment this!!!!!

[@RealEngineering]

@@zhengjia9580 lol

[@Lemon-du4sq]

Your at it to you sneaky bugger😂😂

[@Texan.Insomniac]

5:58 "Which places the magnitude on the *Y axis* and the number of cycles it survived on the *Y axis* " Uhm Unless I'm being dumb, can't you only have one Y axis?

[@4Gehe2]

As a welder and steel fabricator... I have seen plenty of young engineers bringin forth plans that are impossible or REALLY UNNECESSARILY COMPLEX to fabricate. (And many of them have refused to take feedback... for some reason.) And since I started to study engineering at university, I have found great amount of value from my practical experience of welding and steel fabrication. Seriously engineers... Talk to the people making your things. Often there are simple changes you can do that will cut cost and production time, if you'd just bother to talk to us. We don't bite. We might be blunt and few worded, but we aren't mean. We like it when we get to share our experience.

[@Troph2]

bruh, don't you know they have the degrees, know your place. I welded/fabbed for about ten years, fuck that shit.

[@RichardCranium321]

I'm so glad I learned 3d CAD before getting a job in a fab plant in the machine room & later applying for a position in the engineering dept. My official title was "Production Assistance Engineer" meaning I had to go behind the engineers & fix their designs so that they could actually process them in the plant. My nickname in the fab room was "Mr. FixaFuck"

[@johntheux9238]

@@Troph2 Should make a south park episode about that.

[@sleeptyper]

My boss tries to tell me how to do my job many times per week. Every time i just let him talk and do my job my way anyway. Complains are very rare.

[@jimkennedy4509]

Henri Hänninen Kelly Johnson has a rule engineers couldn’t sit more than 100 feet from the factory floor. If there was a problem in assembly the engineer had to go to the floor. Kelly Johnson ran Lockheed’s Skunk Works for decades and designed the U 2 and sr 71 blackbird etc. My wife is a jeweler and sees this with students leaving school. No, you can’t take 6 months to make a pair of earrings.

[@jrbhatchet]

I'm a materials science and engineering major and after I saw this video I decided to dedicate my research to metal additive manufacturing. I've since studied recycling Ti64 powders and post processing that improves fatigue. I'm currently taking a machine learning course that's specifically for materials science data analysis. Thank you for basically setting up my early career!

[@kdcruz75]

Goof luck with ur career. Can u point me to any online course that deals with addirtive metal engineering... Did u means Ti04... What sort of appplixations can ti04 metal aaddictive engineting be used for... Can it be used to buold building suppport structures, especually in coastal areas

[@puskarpathak8913]

hi, would you mind sharing the name of machine learning course you are enrolled? thanks

[@antiundead]

I suggest you look to work for a medical company. They are throwing stupid money at using Ti printed implants.

[@somewherenear3003]

If you find any online ML course that specializes in material data science, plz mention the link

[@xharpreet25]

@jordan hatch what are your views on 3D printing feasibility for bridge manufacturing.

[@NorthIn1984]

5:56 I love those two Y axises

[@chikennuget3634]

Angry Mushroom axes*

[@rookrook7697]

Lol and I missed that one. My brain told me X.

[@NorthIn1984]

@@chikennuget3634 oof

[@williamf.7655]

I'm french, so I first heard this during driving, and I don't pay attention. Then when I read you comment, I listen it... and I look for the second vertical y axe... and I don't found it... then I listen carefully... and I laughed. I don't always understand "key and peel" video... but mathematics are universal... which isn't the case of the imperial unit systems. Thx for your comments.

[@EtherFox]

It's not two Y axes. It's N on the Y Axis, and Stress on the Why Axis.

[@TheReadBaron91]

“Placing fastener holes in inaccessible locations” Seems to be a specialty of engineers.

[@brianroys1868]

I heard it as "placing fastener holes in..."

[@TheReadBaron91]

brian roys whoops! Autocorrect got me

[@coreys2686]

Especially automotive engineers.

[@zefrum3]

easier to criticize than hypothosize ...fool

[@TheReadBaron91]

Apparently someone hasn’t heard of the long running, sarcastical (mostly) fuede between mechanics and engineers

[@soetekinhaentjens1462]

You can hear how he relates when he said "mecanist laugh at the designs of a confident college kid"

[@thestudentofficial5483]

You wouldn't download a car 20 years later:

[@johannvisser7659]

Throw back

[@garethbaus5471]

Not yet, but definitely getting closer.

[@benheinz8817]

@@garethbaus5471 Look up Divergent Microfactories.

[@VuLamDang]

@@johannvisser7659 download more RAM IRL

[@Kurokubi]

*_some assembly required_*

[@alkmegeakarsu7052]

5:59 Revolutionary coordinate system confirmed lol

[@benheinz8817]

Everybody makes mistakes.

[@RealEngineering]

We actually caught that mistake but I am travelling without my mic at the moment, so couldn't fix it.

[@alkmegeakarsu7052]

@@RealEngineering No problem man love the content

[@phillyphil1513]

lol

[@brytonmassie]

@@RealEngineering lol its fine we just like to tease you, a funny way to get back would have been to use a potato quality mic.

[@nebnoswel]

I've always been worried that these videos only sounded right to me because I wasn't professionally familiar with the topics being discussed, but as someone who works with all the technologies mentioned here everyday, I can say you nailed it! Excellent work, the service you offer to your audience and to engineers everywhere is priceless.

[@naminogiri]

Can I Ask you if has ever been tried to 3D metal print in vacuum (or reduced atmosphere, or inert atmosphere)? It could resolve some problems, maybe creating new ones

[@MaHu098]

naminogiri In the process chamber in which a protective gas atmosphere prevails, a flow is required to transport waste products away from the melting point. This is very difficult in a vacuum.

[@JefeInquisidorGOW]

Maybe using a magnetic bed

[@ndvorsky]

@@naminogiri It has been done but there are a number of issues. My favorite issue is that while creating the vacuum, air will bubble out of the powder which can cause some disruptions. If this happens really quickly you get an awesome effect like boiling metal or like quicksand. Also once the air is all removed the powder becomes much harder to move like wet sand vs dry sand. This gums up the machinery. Also, when melting the powder, some kind of soot and off-gassing occurs which must be taken away because it interferes with the laser beam or deposits on laser optics. A build-up of soot is a MAJOR MAJOR fire hazard as well. Air is needed to blow the soot away into containment.

[@jeffbenton6183]

What if we just did it on the Moon? (Hideously expensive, I know)

[@Hichinator]

While you stated that pores and cracks mostly form during overhangs, with no support material below, I must mention that with the right parameters of laserspeed (Scanspeed) and laserpower (in watts or Joules per mm³) you usually achive parts with 99.5+ % relative density. What is often even better than casting parts. When we did a parameter study of AlSi10Mg we found that the tensile strenght exceeds 400N/mm² (as build with no heat treatment) for casted parts its only around 250 N/mm²´but unfortunately the elongation before breaking is almost zero so you get a very brittle part. The issue here is, that you need a well formed crystaline structure to accomondate fatigue fracturing, so heat treatment is necessarry. But, heat treatment means deformation of your printed part... So what we need is a simulation tool to predict the deformation after 3D-Printing and after heat treatment. Even thou ANSYS has its Additive manufacturing suit, we found the results not to correlate well enought with real world experiments to be of use for regular implementation.

[@Icefrostmiguel]

There is a company which successfuly predicts that heat deformation computationally. Its called Relativity and they are building 3D printed rockets right now. Their process made them already profitable alone even if they fail to launch those rockets.

[@See_Sharp]

Lasers that weld on the atomic level is the future of 3d printing.

[@krishna97]

November 2020 : statement recorded .

[@discopoe]

Why do you think so?

[@antonliakhovitch8306]

@Sean M I think they mean inter-atomic, not subatomic. Ie, moving individual atoms around rather than fusing atoms into heavier elements. Although, a fusion reactor that produces rocket engines as a waste product would certainly be nice 😂

[@petergerdes1094]

What would that mean? Like the way an atomic force microscope can arrange atoms? That wouldn't be useful since it would take forever to build anything. Or do you mean the ability to use masks accurate to the atomic level as they do in the semiconductor industry? Or do you just mean lasers which produce the desired molecular structure. That would be great but why do you think it can be done?

[@hadhamalnam]

A laser physically cant weld on an atomic level, all it does is raise the the temperature (that is the speed of the atoms) such that the powders melts and resolidifies into the weld. So on an atomic level, a laser just increases chaotic movement and does the opposite of welding atoms individually.

[@the43cracingchannel]

Real Engineering: 3d printing metal KZbin: #TeamTrees

[@RealEngineering]

Well we actually did take part in team trees over on our new channel: kzbin.info/www/bejne/o4eZeH9th9eLsJo

[@alphaadhito]

@@RealEngineering Excellent!

[@the43cracingchannel]

@@RealEngineering

[@cyborg_v271]

Guys just 3D print the trees, job done

[@eneshadziric9961]

Welp,why not?why waste time?why go the harder way?

[@deepakhegde99]

This technology is 30 years old but it's now booming because of the expiring patent rights.

[@pheo4156]

Abolish copyright

[@tonyhussey3610]

Pheo said the person who has never designed anything marketable.

[@ayushprasad6159]

Capitalism. Unfortunately, enough money can only be made that way relative to the hard work.

[@MetallicReg]

Pheo Copyright should be there, but limited to 5 years. This is the period where an idea can be remarkable enough to be superior to regular competition. After that you are just blocking progress. Earning money is important. Providing progress is much more valuable. Your idea was also only possible through the community and provided common infrastructure that you built it on.

[@danilooliveira6580]

its... complicated, its fair to hold the patent of something you created, its fair that you are rewarded for it. but sometime it just slows down progress. what is the right thing to do I wonder ? maybe the government should buy patents and make it free if enough companies ask for it ? maybe prohibit the owner of the patent from impeding the use of the patent, and instead get him a percentage of the revenue made by other people from using it ?

[@professordanfurmanek3732]

Retired University professor, this wonderful field of science definitely requires more funding!! The applications and advantages are indeed infinit.

[@BillAnt]

Indeed 3D metal is a complex new field as each layer is built up from melted metal powder, there's a lot that can go wrong only visible by x-ray. It's almost like building with legos, layering one "brick/pixel" at a time.

[@gendoslice5971]

My moms dad had like 20 patents based off his material engineering knowledge, he would be so impressed with the world today.

[@seigalitious3436]

Hey Brian, I have been with your channel on my other account since you only had around 5 Thousand Subs, and i have to say. it brings a tear to my eye when i see just how far you have come since you were first starting out. and, i just want to say. Keep up the amazing work my friend. you are bringing the beautiful, fascinating, and constantly evolving world of engineering to the masses in a wonderfully innovating way. I support you 100% Your Fan, Jonathan L Seig

[@GeneralKenobi69420]

This is the cringest KZbin comment I've ever seen in my life

[@RichardCranium321]

I'm so glad I learned 3d CAD before getting a job in a fab plant in the machine room & later applying for a position in the engineering dept. My official title was "Production Assistance Engineer" meaning I had to go behind the engineers & fix their designs so that they could actually process them in the plant. My nickname in the fab room was "Mr. FixaF*ck"

[@RichardCranium321]

@@DEL8TE I also earned my current screen name from the engineers. Except they didn't use the politically correct version. 😉

[@RichardCranium321]

@@doge_fish4820 🙏

[@RichardCranium321]

@@DEL8TE oh yea - deep inside joke... 😂

[@charleswarwick4849]

I've done a fair amount of plastic 3d printing and the metal really opens up so many options. The concept of grain structure in the metal is fascinating to think about and I'll be curious to see how they mitigate future issues.

[@isse93Z]

You can melt the powder by electron beams instead of laser. Main advantages are more efficient melting since the kinetic energy of the electrons hitting the powder particles are more efficient than lasers since the laser is dependant of reflectivity of said powder. Also with electron beam melting you have much better control of the energy source, with lasers any movement is restricted by mechanical movement of glass that reflects the laser in a coordinate system, electron beam is instead controlled by magnetic coils which can be manipulated orders of magnitude faster since you dont depend on mechinal movement of parts. But the two different methods complement each other☺️

[@kruzihbv]

I always considered 3d printing as an alternative to casting. I've done a lot of work for oil and gas (machining extremely low volume cast impellers mostly), and the sheer number of jobs that had top go back for welding due to porosity or were scrapped outright because porosity appeared on finishing cuts is phenomenal. Add to that the setup cost of producing the patterns for casting i think 3d printing is a very viable alternative. I'd regularly get jobs where unimportant faces and diameters (the shrouds, o/d and the hub face used for the sprue) were cast with 20mm, 50mm and 150mm of metal on them (respectively) for absolutely no reason. being able to print the part leaving 1mm on the tolerance'd diameters and faces would have been a godsend. The money doesn't stop being saved there - the parts would require minimal balancing and fettling after machining.. I can't believe no one has jumped on this area.

[@TawniiDareeT]

6:00 into the Y axis and into the Y axis lol

[@devalopr]

7:27 Note that the unsupported "overhang condition" shown there *never* happens in an SLM 3D printer. If the model has an overhang, *support structures* are printed underneath. Only a small layer of powder with fused powder underneath is melted by the laser.

[@Fraknoff]

True and even if the overhang angle varies with material and parameters, no support structure is often quite dangerous for your production batch and your recoater :p

[@adalbertolima3491]

I’m a mechanical engineering student and this semester I’m taking a class called materials and processes, the crazy thing is that just last week we did a lab on this topic of how we can affect metals to improve mechanical properties. We had to put a sample of carbon steel in a furnace and while we were waiting our lab instructor was telling us about the research he did in 3D printing while he was a student and he essentially gave a more generic version of what your said with the fatigue analysis. I just find it so cool that you made a video on this right after I just learned about this in lab.

[@CRohitSorte]

From which University?

[@yousuf418]

Mechanical Engineer here too.

[@spudastic]

carbon steel? as opposed to steel with no carbon in it?

[@dominicksossong1854]

@@spudastic Carbon steel, as opposed to steel with more than just carbon in it

[@matthewmarston6241]

You should research materials engineering! We do all kinds of research into all the mechanisms of strengthening and the effects alloying can have (High-Entrop Alloys are the big talk these days as we have moved on from bulk metallic glasses) if you are interested to read introduction to materials by Callister, it is widely considered the materials bible!

[@Paul_Bearden]

The loose powder overhang problem will be solved by shortening the pulse times of the laser, this will form a more uniform melting structure. Also, the powder should be prepared with some sort of binding agent and compressed prior to melting with the laser. Like a flux of some sort, or compression of the powder may be enough.

[@knightshousegames]

4:45 "I mean, this 'iron' stuff sounds like it has a lot of potential, but we already know how to work bronze, why would we bother learning an entirely new process when the old one works so well?"

[@marc_frank]

😂 bronze actually still has it's uses today it has a good balance between corrosion resistance, strenght and price used for boat building

[@williamkwl6153]

One day we shall 3D print the item we order from ebay

[@RichardCranium321]

They already have accounts that just sell files to upload for 3d printers... the future is here

[@rejectedopinions]

Thingiverse?

[@RichardCranium321]

@aida bach are you sure youre on the right thread?

[@_Abjuranax_]

NASA is already 3D printing designs in space, instead of sending up tools and parts to them.

[@RichardCranium321]

@@_Abjuranax_ they pioneered the first truly reusable filament but they had a problem figuring out nozzles, trays, and distance from workpiece. When they first started, they were having trouble getting the material to flow to the part due to microgravity environment

[@DistortedMatt]

Wow, I am a Materials Engineer and looking into additive manufacturing and this video is great for an introduction! Thank you Real Engineering for putting a spotlight on us less represented engineers :)

[@killman369547]

Nice. Have you tried experimenting using a standard MIG welder head on a 3d printer? I think it might have better results than laser sintering.

[@QandL3news]

I’ve been waiting for a video like this for a while! I just graduated this May in mechanical engineering and now work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory working with metal additive manufacturing (EBM), pretty cool stuff and I love being part of it!

[@wxyz885]

That's great, congratulations. ORNL-MDF does some of the best work in Metal AM processing, esp. their ground-breaking research on localized melt scan strategies for site-specific grain size/orientation control.

[@HisCarlnessI]

Yeah, I run into people all the time that watch popular media science/tech videos saying "eyyy, 3D printed metals," then I'm like (having been trained as an aerospace machinist) "eyyy, no control of grain structure, we make stuff out of carefully forged blocks for a reason." Side note, though, the chips removed from the block are not "waste," that stuff gets recycled at a fraction of what the shop bought it for and resold by the recycling companies.

[@jeffaragon444]

This channel is an amazing source of knowledge. Thank you. As a 2nd year MEchE I appreciate this series and it gives me motivation to keep on.

[@dominikpalusz9221]

I'm currently doing my first assignment in collage about additive manufacturing and all the various processes available to manufacturers. I just thought that it was a nice coincidence that this video came up. I'm loving the content. Thank you!

[@45obiwan]

Metallurgy and programming in a new area of study, that's almost enough to bring me out of retirement. Great Video!

[@akenero3369]

I'm planning on going into mechanical engineering in a while, I absolutely love your channel, it's so great to hear about all of these in depth showcases on technology

[@qwertyasdfghjkl9604]

Watch practical things, how it's done in the machine shops. Starting with classic manual and the CNC stuff. A lot of it on KZbin.

[@comentadorsincero8315]

Literally taking an engineering materials exam in two days... Good summary

[@othoapproto9603]

Consider the following. I successfully developed a 3d CAD to 3d printing in house pathway to supply production parts to an electronics firm that produced 50 units a year. Within a year I designed and produced over 30 3d printed parts for many of the firm's 20 models. This was a game-changer for the single reason of TIME. The traditional CNC parts could take up to six weeks of lead time to get delivered. Second, the cost savings were huge. Third with a design to final part turn around time in house improvements were almost real-time. So my point is at low volumes 3d printing has revolutionized smaller businesses.

[@Tosti3]

4:46 How does that guy still has his eyes?

[@chrisc1140]

His eyes are mostly metal at this point, meaning they are now metal *proof.* It's a flawless strategy.

[@KarlBunker]

Yeah. I was wondering if this scene was staged for a stock footage company, and the guy, being a model rather than a real technician, didn't know any better.

[@MervynPartin]

I was going to comment on that as well as it was rather ironic that the commentary at that point said "Thousands of years of experience"

[@farifurido]

metal man

[@angryoldcanadian3905]

Instant writeup at my company. Goggles and face shield necessary. Eye injuries are the #1 thing I see at my work... and its because people don't follow basic safety procedures.

[@Chitransh_Singh]

It will take time but we can perfect 3D printing just like forging.

[@HuntingTarg]

I concur; laser/electronic deposition and compounding is an infant compared to the trade of metalworking; I forsee a synthesis of the two as our industrial knowledge base in this area grows, as each approach does things the other cannot. Perhaps eventually we will have 3D printers able to make other (same or different) 3D printers or assemblies of such; *_then_* things will take off!

[@jumpierwolf]

Can't you just melt the waste and get the titanium alloy back?

[@thomasjohnson6808]

"A highly efficient rocket engine that operates efficiently." You don't say...

[@abdullahmudassir7183]

5:55 alternating stress on the y-axis and the number of cycles in the y-axis

[@demosteneneacsiu6144]

Department of Redundancy Department

[@ayuchanayuko]

Efficiently at many different altitudes. Pretty much saying its efficient given certain operating parameters.

[@65elcamino283]

@@demosteneneacsiu6144 was about to comment the same. You beat me to it. Lol

[@charadremur333]

This is missleading

[@abdulraf1414]

the course is very important in the science of Dental prosthodontics, as printing would eventually replaces casting as the the comes

[@lidarman2]

I plead guilty for the first 30 seconds of this video. That cracked me up.

[@thesral96]

5:56 Both on the Y-axis?

[@UtterStupiditty]

Literally learning these exact concepts in my senior Detail Design course for my aerospace engineering degree at ERAU. Great video! Love the visuals.

[@DaNerd01]

Fellow Riddle engineer alumni here, graduated in '13. Really set me up for success, best of luck with your career!

[@BenWilson24]

Nice! I'm an ERAU alumni that works in additive manufacturing at Honeywell

[@rickintexas1584]

I graduated ERAU in May 1986, BS Aero Eng. You have a great career and life in front of you. Enjoy it!

[@alwynwatson6119]

Why not extrusion print metal like we do with plastic?

[@doodskie999]

Wish 3d metal printing would evolve to almost perfection. The applications are endless.

[@BillAnt]

Indeed, but first they have to solve the porosity, shrinkage and strength, then it's good to go.

[@JoeyBlogs007]

3:40 Another factor is part complexity which has a greater impact on cost for traditional manufacturing Vs 3D printing. This can't be overlooked.

[@beck645]

I have seen many of your videos. The quality has no equal. Absolutely spectacular in every way. I wish others could produce videos half as good as yours. Remarkable content. Amazing graphics and your Irish vocal delivery is just incredible. This level of professionalism is truly rare these days and you have created a standard very few will ever approach. Thank you for your superb videos.

[@mortkebab2849]

"the magnitude of the alternating stress on the Y-axis and the number of cycles it survived on the y-axis" What?

[@Toolmamon]

Yeah! I caught that too! LOL

[@Messerschmidt_Me-262]

6:00 Plotting everything on the Y axis.... Seems prefect to me!

[@jonathanmatthews4774]

This was a fascinating look into 3D printing. I had no idea of these challenges.

[@wyattb3138]

Jonathan Matthews, same.

[@ChhatarNahata]

I have a suggestion, to increase productivity. A large head with lot of nozzles with valves may be designed, valves may operate electronically, there by a lot of material may be deposited simultaneously, increasing amount of material deposited per unit time.

[@blahblahblahblah2837]

I wonder if a secondary, slower moving, lower powered laser coming through and pre-heating the path for the primary original sintering laser could improve the quality of the bead and prevent the powder bed from being 'blown away'? Alternatively, a fine mist of the powder could be blown into the path of the laser to ensure sufficient material - either into the beam, or in front of it, pushing material into the path and preventing it from moving away. Third alternative, ensure the laser moves along a workpiece at an appropriate speed based on some kind of sensory feedback - eg a very sensitive camera not unlike the one used in the study shown - to ensure a consistent bead is produced.

[@MaHu098]

Such solutions already exist in our 3D printers. The camera you describe is a system which is used for customers who do not want to X-ray parts after printing.

[@liljashy1463]

Can you do an updated video on this with all the recent advancements in metal AM?

[@ezraprice6709]

Very exited to see the company I work for in a real engineering video!

[@zefrum3]

basically 3D printing is a casting process, not a forging or wrought-ing? process; so it has fatigue properties more like mold cast materials

[@MeepChangeling]

Resin printing is now fast enough to work as an economy of scale. We can make a 4 inch tall resin part in ~7 minutes, and with resin printing, only the height matters for print speed. So you could have a 100 squair foot platform making 1000s of smaller parts at once and get like 2k parts per 7 minutes. This is prefect for miniture models, and small things like phone stands, cable jack "selves" and other things of that nature.

[@6miler]

Really cool I can see its potential. The laser idea is really neat and the close-ups of it reminded me of when you get porosity in your welds when there's contaminants such as the atmosphere, dirt, oxidation, scale etc. I wonder if a shielding gas or some sort of flux or both would improve the laser welds.

[@tarun7539]

"Perts"

[@aaaz6705]

I thought at first he said parrots

[@tuukkajarvela9258]

Pärt wit the meteriäl

[@rixbuilds7903]

I thought he said pirates lol

[@janmelldugenio7774]

it's the Irish accent. :)

[@DavidGreen-yz6ws]

Zoundid raht tuh me.

[@StephenGillie]

This video is great for investors! It doesn't bother with specific details, reuses footage for different concepts, and has a really upbeat tone about potential problems.

[@Lucius_Chiaraviglio]

So THAT'S why Replicators won't be ready for prime time for quite a while . . . .

[@nodnerbhu]

"Alternating strength on the Y axis and the number of cycles on the Y axis" 6:00

[@playerkgaming628]

I noticed that too!

[@EngineeringEspy]

This was so well done. Your knowledge in all these fields is amazing.

[@makatron]

4:46 that guy sure will need to 3D print some camera eye replacements soon 🤔

[@deusexaethera]

Nope. The sparks are flying away from him, and the return side of the sanding belt is long enough that any sparks following the path of the belt will get stripped away by airflow before the belt makes another pass.

[@paulbrooks4395]

We are fortunate to be at the point in history where we can create new means of manufacturing and understand them at a fundamental level that we never could have before. This means that the level of development potential and iteration possibilities is quite extreme. However, getting to a point where we can utilize this technology will undoubtedly require significant time and investment. It’s impossible to say what the future will hold for this technology, as we are barely infants in it and machine learning. The next 50-100 years will likely see more development in manufacturing than all human history prior to the advent of 3D printing.

[@Ribbon_13]

Ive actually done a lot on 3d printed metal for college its amazing what you can do with the design shapes the main problem still material that isnt used after a certain amount of prints goes bad and yes they do fail a lot sooner machining strengthens the material while printing does not it also takes a lot of surface work to get these parts to a machined finish. For those of you who haven't touched a piece before it feels like very high grit sandpaper. You can rub your finger across it and feel the imperfections. Its different then grain lines though as the material is "welded" together (note they arent welded in the tradition sense they are more or less almost melted together but just barely in a process called cintering(god I hope I spelt that right)) so just like any weld there is a weak point but each individual particle of dust has these welds unless it a hollow design with more powder inside to add some weight and rigidity while cutting down print time. There is alot of stuff not covered in this video but thats because its a 15min video and not the days of material I had to learn and it covers a lot but yes most parts are limited to mainly prototypes due to the problem of breaking with stress higher but the technology has come a long way recently a concept I saw while writing a paper once was about like a traditional 3d printer designed and not the laser style with a heated wire being just hot enough to print but on a floating bed(does not connect to the bed to the effect of something super hot not touching something super cold I just woke up sorry) while being cool I dont see it working as it would be trying to be like a cast piece without casting it. Im going to stop typing now before a do a whole paper in the KZbin comments.

[@NikolasStow]

Aero spike? Someone’s been watching everyday astronaut

[@MedlifeCrisis]

Hallow brain i am in 6th standard giving exams i will go IIT for becoming engineer n think u r rly great n smart n i luv ur chanel do u hav ne adwice for futur engineer lk me i wud bcome js like u do u take interns i luv u hallo

[@ToninFightsEntropy]

I think Rohin's having a stronk.

[@RealEngineering]

Hello Rohin. Good luck in your engineering career.

[@MedlifeCrisis]

@@RealEngineering i hv cut this part of my screen out and will keep it 4eva thx u senpai

[@hansolo4017]

@@ToninFightsEntropy rohn hav stronk

[@jamescanjuggle]

I can't tell if it's a really good fake channel or the real channel got hacked for the sole purpose of letting people know about his sudden career change

[@sammndl9592]

FINALLY, I SAW SOMETHING ON KZbin RELATED TO BY COLLEGE MAJOR - PRODUCTION AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING. MY LIFE'S NOT A JOKE! ( IIT ROORKEE, BATCH OF '22)

[@NeoRazor]

Once we can 3D print organic material? Bam! Replicators. Tea; Earl Grey; hot.

[@Jorn6460]

In writing my bachelor thesis on the subject of metal 3D printing (of High Entropy Alloys) and I have watched this video many times for guidance. Literally on the first day and on the last day of my project. Thank you

[@walrus2796]

Koenigsegg prints all of there turbos in house.

[@walrus2796]

Lori Faber, absolutely correct.

[@Ckcdillpickle]

They print their turbo housings in house not the impeller

[@acactapus]

0:50 the warping on this print gave me a mild anxiety attack

[@andrewbeaton3302]

hahaha

[@isaacfardig371]

That is fantastic!

[@CrashPCcz]

That´s what I saw immediately too! :-D

[@GreyDeathVaccine]

ROTFL

[@bozsoendre]

"... primarily by working with machinists that look at your design and laugh at the incompetitance of this young college kid." I feel attacked.

[@rodschmidt8952]

Go to the puppy room

[@ChaosAura]

as a machinist, I laughed so hard at the start. Thank you so much for realizing the issue so many enginerds have.

[@thymewizard]

I feel like it's important to point out that overhang conditions are not, say, some unavoidable subset of the 3D printing process but rather something you strictly avoid when printing. If possible you'll try to design the part with no overhangs steeper than your machine can handle, or when absolutely necessary print additional material to support the structure. Trying to blind print an overhang is an example of a design/processing mistake when it comes to printing, akin to the example you gave of impossible-to-access fastener holes.

[@deusexaethera]

A 3D printer that can analyze the part during production and correct for defects is a great idea. However, I don't think 3D printing metals will ever become an effective technique for mass production. Nothing can beat the strength of a part machined from a forged metal ingot. I do look forward to the ability to "affordably" 3D print metal parts for hobbyist use, though.

[@dragonfire2371]

In regards of metal 3d printers being available to public, I don't really know if that would be a great idea, I d love to use this technology because I m interested in aerospace technology, but, given that people have printed functional guns out of plastic 3d printers, just imagine what some crazy people might do with access to pretty high quality metal parts.

[@fabioteixeira868]

Awesome content as always! Just wondering here, since the laser interaction is blowing material away, has anyone tried 3D Metal Printing in a vacuum?

[@benjaminmolnar3881]

Yes, there are two versions of metal 3d printing, Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) shown in the video. Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) uses a laser to melt metal powder in an inert gas chamber (nitrogen or argon). Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion uses an electron beam instead of a laser in a vacuum. I'm more familiar with the LPBF version. Part of the reason you get material blowing away is because the metal powder vaporizes into a gas as it melts. I believe this would still happen with an electron beam. Good idea though!

[@zequijusti]

11:11 The scan strategy of the Windows calculator

[@technicalproject6896]

I am mechanical students currently i studied tools and mould making, tools like press Machine, and studing mould and die. Watching your video i never get bored and having ambition to achieve something.

[@Erik_Swiger]

Just a couple of thoughts from a rank amateur here: What if two or more laser beams were used to converge on a point to control the melting? Or, what if powdered metal were fed from a hopper, into a heated nozzle, similar to how 3D-printing is done with plastic filament?

[@MostlyPennyCat]

It's simple. Buy the first machine. _print the rest_ Easy

[@ericpeterson6520]

People keep making this joke whenever 3D printers come up as if it doesn't already happen all the time and isn't, in fact, the most influential factor in the current home 3D printing boom www.reprap.org

[@benheinz8817]

@@ericpeterson6520 We know. The joke is still funny, though.

[@USBEN.]

S T O N K S

[@MostlyPennyCat]

Will, it prints metal. So it's not a joke anymore. I'm assuming you can't print lasers yet though

[@among-us-99999]

@James Neave ever heard of RepRap?

[@jackalovski1]

"one of the first things you learn in mechanical engineering is how to design your inventions in a way that is possible to manufacture" tell that to the engineers I used to work with. My god I had to suffer through so many 'design engineers' who'd never even seen a lathe or a mill and thought that manufacture's ONLY used CNC, which, they don't, especially for one offs. Also, a good machine shop saves it's swarf and sells it on to recuperate material costs. This is almost always done when manufacturing brass pipe fittings as brass is expensive. Also we've had impossible to manufacture parts for decades. Rolls Royce has been using lost wax casting of titanium for its turbine blades for decades. Too many armchair engineers think that 3D printed parts are usable in commercial products, it's nice to see a video explaining why they're not the magical manufacturing process that can compensate for rubbish/lazy design engineers.

[@johnmolloy4878]

@6:28. Primary cause is crack initiation and fatigue threshold, not growth. Once the crack starts (and is growing), it's usually a matter of very short time to failure (hours to days), particularly in the realm of HCF. You don't want the crack to start. You are correct that the prolific defectivity of additive methods is the cause. Great video.

[@mv2woods]

So many of these problems are already solved with simple adjustments to scan strategy. For example the islands don't have to be printed directly over top of each other typically they are shifted in each layer so the grains aren't able to create these distinct boundary conditions.

[@martin-__-]

Isnt spacex's superdraco engines 3d printed? I dont get why the little aerospike engine is mentioned but not the superdraco

[@suhanesetne985]

Footage r exclusive

[@justins3111]

Rocket Labs Rutherford engines are also 3D printed, and well proven in an orbital class rocket!

[@creatortechnologylimited5064]

@@justins3111 Do you mean they solved the strength issue?

[@gustyjothaprasert3953]

At 6:03 I think you were supposed to say x axis instead of y axis

[@michieljames737]

Have you seen the new concept that Doctor Adrian Bower has proposed and working on as revealed at MERF? A way to 3D create parts via electrical charge in an electrical conductive medium thus rendering it as one complete part. It's all conceptual but so was 3D printing 30 years ago! Go check it out! Tom Sanladerer did the interview with him if I'm not mistaken.

[@kurtmueller2089]

Really awesome video, but one nitpick: Why would people stick to the normal laser-sintering for high-stress parts? We have a technique called Laser-Engineered-Net-Shape (LENS), which does away with the powder bed and instead has the powder inserted into the laserbeam directly through a funnel shape, making sure that 100% of the powder is always melted. NASA studied this 15-20 years ago and found that the Laser had a forging effect because of the radiation pressure, leading to parts that were around 40% more durable than even traditionally made parts. Instead of using a laser beam, some used an electron beam, although this requires a vacuum chamber to work. Some papers have been published by other laboratories like Sandia National laboratories and the SLM solutions group.

[@The.Talent]

I literally just finished my Materials and Manufacturing course last week where I did a 3000 word report on Metallic 3D Printing in the Aerospace Industry. This video would have given me about 10 more avenues of research to pursue than the few I actually included in my report, though it was only 3k words so it kind of had to be quite succinct. Either way, scored 96% on the assignment.

[@Astraeus..]

I worked as a butcher for about 8 years or so while also occasionally spending time in various other departments (of a grocery store) which basically saw me using/interacting with a wide variety of machinery. One thing that infuriated me endlessly was the issue of cleaning; more often than not machines were built in such a way that, while correct from an engineering and operating standpoint, made them absolute nightmares to actually clean and maintain... So any engineers who see this, keep that in mind yea?

[@GURken]

11:12 76.5 * 2 using calculator **just in case*

[@densepixel]

GURken you don't want to make an easy mistake

[@farifurido]

yep xd

[@timax4114]

At exams, i used calculator for 20^2. There is no room for mistakes :D

[@USBEN.]

'Year 2069, Rebel Mogumba has successfully escaped his enemies by making his own space craft with 3D universal printer.' - Totally Legit News

[@mattmattes3913]

3-D printing is a lot older than people realize. Goes back as far as I can remember, the late 70's early 80's.

[@SuperYellowsubmarin]

Your videos are very well documented and spot-on ! I think Markforged's approach of binding a green part and then sintering all at once in a furnace is a better way to go, once you depart from the overvalued concept of having a finished part straight out of the printer. I would not be surprised that HP researches such a path with their Multijetfusion technology !

[@rakaipikatan8922]

Welp in 30 years I can 3D printing my imaginary friends and waifu!

[@stephen_l1474]

Rakai Pikatan no not friends. Only waifu.

[@rakaipikatan8922]

@@stephen_l1474 But, but, I need a osananajimi

[@stephen_l1474]

Rakai Pikatan well that should be counted as waifu

[@Ozepyon09]

You can do that now! Just at a smaller scale

[@musicbox8351]

eat your feelings and your friends

[@theultimatereductionist7592]

3:00 "welding hundreds of kilometers of metal powder together" Don't you mean hundreds of KILOGRAMS of metal powder?

[@planewire2153]

We can use 3 D printers to make 3 D printers (copyright)

[@napoleonibonaparte7198]

I will buy a 3D printer, and print a 3D printer... And then refund the original 3D printer.

[@wyattb3138]

STONKS 📈

[@Mastermindyoung14]

Not how it works, but cool!

[@CrashPCcz]

Yee yee, print your belts, print your power supply, driver board, steppers, LCD, your heatbed. Good luck with that today. :-D

[@clementj]

It'll just only offset the cost of materials to print the new printer, so you're not gaining anything, really.

[@liamjohnston2000]

I used the 3D printer to print the 3D printer.

[@PacoOtis]

Dude! You might want to ponder stopping using the word "perfect" when describing parts and using "optimal" as very, very few things are "perfect."

[@wormholespacetime]

This is why I love this channel! I'm working in metal 3DP and the exact thinking outlined here, led me to a Metal-X. I also got a MarkII for free so I'd love to see a video about carbon fiber composites and especially design strategies and applications possible with continuous fiber 3DP. As this is my 1st comment here, let me say again: great work! Thanks for sharing your knowledge!

[@y2ksw1]

The crucial point is, that most pioneers do not have a title, but in order to get a job where that level of experience matters, a title is required. So in the end, companies have to reinvent the wheel, where instead they could drill down requirements and gain people who matter.