What Happens to Wildlife After Nuclear Disaster

[@Elizabeth-n3v2u]

My dad was hired to run a bioremediation effort on Johnston atole in the early 2000s. Him and his crew realized the radiation contamination was higher than officially recognized. He died of agressively spreading brain tumors within a year of staying on the atole. He was 39. It was later discovered that the US govt knew the radiation levels were dangerous, but covered it up. RIP dad.

[@MistaGSpecialEducation]

this is why you should literally never trust the government, you never know what they don’t show you

[@ChappyMonster]

aw man, im really sorry for your loss

[@trinomial-nomenclature]

It's awful how people study hard and become so skilled in their field that they're asked to run something of this scale, a highly educated and dedicated person and to have this amazing opportunity to help the oceans. Only for the government to lie/omit crucial information that could kill you in a horrific manner because now, now, we can't have the government look bad 😒. I am so sorry for your loss, such a preventable loss for such a brilliant man.

[@Thugshaker_thequaker]

I am so sorry for your loss, that is awful.

[@sgh2146]

i understand not publicly recognizing that the radiation levels were so high but not even internally for the people cleaning up??? they essentialy sent that crew to death it is infuriating

[@catfission]

A lot of people mistakenly assume that dogs in the Chernobyl exclusion zone suffer from mutations because of teratogenesis from radiation exposure. The real cause of deformities in that population is severe inbreeding. Those little guys have an *exceptionally* shallow gene pool 😅.

[@GardenData61371]

Sweet home Alabama!

[@Thumby_yt]

​@@GardenData61371 nah 💀

[@Cyberbasty]

It's like pugs, the result of inbreeding

[@jasepoag8930]

Funny that we in the reef aquarium hobby often struggle to grow coral, but it was growing well in a nuclear wasteland.

[@szbnahl]

Clearly you need to add more plutonium to the tank.

[@hersonissoswolf3699]

it's wastesea, not wasteland

[@infinitemonkey917]

One species is thriving. Many others died off.

[@jasepoag8930]

@@szbnahl some people do dose strontium. Pretty much the same, right?

[@leandersearle5094]

Ouch.

[@TJ-vh2ps]

The wolves that received more radiation may have less cancer because of survivorship bias. Perhaps in the high-radiation group, the wolves that were more susceptible to radiation died, while the ones that survived were more resistant to radiation. In the lower-dose wolves, the ones more susceptible to radiation may have survived, but developed cancer. Just speculating wildly, Joan Calamezzo style!

[@abyssstrider2547]

Yeah that's how natural selection works. And why marine animals have special genetic sequences that allow them to have superior regeneration.

[@eaar]

You might be right, but wed have to see the sampling methods. Whether or not or how well they sampled the populations before the disaster would be a big factor to that

[@xavier4519]

​@@abyssstrider2547i don't see how it's natural selection when to my knowledge cancer susceptibility is not genetically passed, fe i wouldn't hang on to the fact my grandparents smoked and didn't develop cancer as a sign i wouldn't

[@abyssstrider2547]

@@xavier4519 Uhhhhh, smoking is quite different when compared to radiation.

[@abyssstrider2547]

@Shadowbaneado Okay but it's not really comparable.

[@mitsunoseikaku2597]

We often underestimate the resiliency of life, I mean we got organisms literally living besides active volcanoes and thrive even more after an eruption (its a type of snail) and then there's the tardegrade that can suvive the vacum of space with radiation and all

[@YarPirates-vy7iv]

Is that the snail with an iron shell? It's metal af.

[@NeuroRadX]

Yeah, we humans just lack the insight that we are first, a part of nature, and second, a comparatively fragile one at that. Sure, animal and plant species die out all the time, due to human activities or other factors, but only when we ourselves feel the impact of well... nuclear bombs and accidents, do we start to investigate and question it. If, hopefully, we do no Fallout ourselves in a few decades, climate change will be hard enough on humanity as a whole. Humans do not have the capability to quickly evolve for survival in different conditions over just a few generations. Nature will be here in a few 10000 years, humans very likely won't...

[@SavageDragon999]

A nuclear apocalypses might not be the end of humanity as depicted in movies tbh. Yes it might wipe out 95% of all humans, but those that actually survive by natural selection will have a highly resiliency towards radiation and cancer and will pass that on to their offsprings. Within 500 years, which, frankly, is a blink of an eye in the grand scheme of things, humanity will emerge even more resilient than before.

[@honor9lite1337]

​Comparing it with an AI apocalypse, then humanity would be extinct. @@SavageDragon999

[@thenaiam]

Life..uh.. You know the rest.

[@ossiantansley6583]

Please dont forget the human cost of the Marshall island nuclear tests. Of the Islanders who were displaced, and those affected by the fallout. Levels of cancer and birth defects were extremely elevated for generations. Rare earth just made a very good video series about these people, highly recommend.

[@officialdcshepard]

This is also on Nebula! I am a LIFETIME member because there’s just such a breadth of creators that are so knowledgeable. And to be honest they have contributed to my single favorite best nonfiction library in streaming. Examples include Jet Lag The Game, LegalEagle, RealTimeHistory, Tale Foundry, Wendover…

[@DonnaChamberson]

Gross, humans are gay.

[@Sarah-zl2fr]

And the US "apologizes" by giving them citizenship and giving them the ability to move to some random town in Arkansas. 🙄 I'm honestly so angry every time I hear about all the ways the US has harmed or destroyed certain cultures, lands, animals, people, etc. Also, this documentary is great!

[@firstnamelastname9918]

@@Sarah-zl2fr Honesty is the solution to our current political woes. We pass a law or constitutional amendment making it illegal for an elected official or person running for an elected office to knowingly and intentionally make a false public statement and we stop this MAGA crap right away -- we would even get to keep our nation! Frankly, I feel the cost is minimal. We would then *naturally* end up on a path of making appropriate amends -- primarily by CHANGING our flaw that allowed us to commit the wrongs in the first place. This always happens when we communicate honestly for long enough. Of course, it also exposes our own internal flaws and that can be very uncomfortable, but healing.

[@EmuEmuchu]

SpongeBob transformed from a sea sponge to cleaning sponge

[@TailsWorries4YourMentalHealth]

I like what you did there

[@mr.badtouch1482]

Actually he transformed from a profilatic sponge to a sea sponge to a cleaning spong

[@piyushsahurkar9362]

Godzilla transformed from an iguana to an atomic monster

[@nathanlevesque7812]

@@mr.badtouch1482 =_=

[@dammdaniel9953]

Monkey transform into 🙎🏿‍♂️

[@zachb9026]

Correction at 15:30 - 100 mGy is the absolute minimum level at which we can see cancer caused by radiation in humans. And even at that level, it increase your risk of cancer by about 1 in 1000 over the course of your life. So instead of having a 40% chance of cancer induction during your life, you'll have a 40.1% chance of cancer induction. So the statement that "Its generally established that exposure of over 100 mGy of radiation in human will cause cancer" is misleading at best. It generally takes a lot more radiation than that to cause cancer on average.

[@blender_wiki]

Conclusions : humans are more dangerous than any nuclear fallout

[@someoneelse5505]

>we are the real monsters :O

[@durratulaishah3703]

Not surprised honestly

[@sheilaolfieway1885]

shows that we need to be more conservative when we hunt non-food animals..

[@CountCocofang]

There is a reason humanity is considered the sixth mass extinction.

[@AliensEatPeople]

Nuclear fallout comes from humanity, so your ideology is void.

[@JinKee]

i am sick of them putting radiation into the water that turns the friggin frogs black

[@AidanDaGreat]

Do you understand that?

[@MilesPlayzGaming]

Dude your racist

[@eggyx2734]

dang it...i read that in uncle jones voice kek

[@BMarie774]

Black and gay. 😂

[@AlexWalford-jm3mg]

I agree, I want green frogs

[@notfunny3397]

A little sad they didn't talk much about the human communities affected by the US nuclear tests. There used to be indigenous people living bear bikini atoll, who had their Islands absolutely covered in radioactive dust. Rare Earth has a series on them.

[@vamp97]

The US has historically never cared about indigenous populations :(

[@deno9607]

Agreed but the subject is more about animals and plants biological reactions to the bombs than a geographical social education.

[@peachtree2579]

​@@deno9607 considering the fact that humans are animals and play an active role in the ecosystem, I would say its not irrelevant to the core focus of the video.

[@VisAinsley]

appreciate it

[@Finleys_snek]

​@@vamp97...Yeah... Wish we were better about that.

[@jamesdietz29]

This makes me curious about the insect life in and around these radiation exclusion zones.

[@Tribrid-zv3nq]

Some organisms would adapt to the radiation in the atmosphere. Just not us

[@jamesdietz29]

@@Tribrid-zv3nq Of course, but I'd like to actually see some of these "adaptations" and their impact on the insect's ability to thrive and on the environment it's self. Maybe I'll Google it and see what turns up.

[@yanickpunter324]

Google for bugs in Chernobyl, you'll see. They are disfigured.

[@V77710]

​@@Tribrid-zv3nqperhaps humans are not so adept at rapid evolution..or its karma since we are the ones who caused the mess

[@plfaproductions]

They just become red and Black to resist radiation, other than that they are normal to our standarts

[@jakepockets4977]

Lmfao, haven't gotten through the rest of the video... Just gotta point out a potentially accidental pun. "After the dust settles" was such an apt thing to say when considering the Elephant's Foot dust is some of the most dangerous radioactive whoopsiedoodles we've ever created as human beings. Breathe a couple of those dust particles in and you're gonna have a bad time.

[@Flt.Hawkeye]

Breathe in enoght and your Bad time ends faster

[@thegunslinger1363]

Look up Stanislav Petrov and Vasily Arkhipov. Those men saved humanity.

[@yamahamotocrosskid]

Just did, holy crap I wonder how many other times the world has come so close to an end

[@mattheide2775]

I had forgotten these brave men. Thank you.

[@deletdis6173]

​@yamahamotocrosskid The Cuban Missile Crisis A meteor almost hit Earth in the 1800s and it was caught on camera. Among other events.

[@nerogray1951]

the time world war 3 almost started cause north Korea didn't want a tree in south Korea to be cut down so the US had to get involved and two people died

[@ElijahR2023]

Wow, reading about them gave me chills. It's hard/sadly not so hard to believe that any nation is even allowed to continue to develop nuclear weapons systems. I know its probably idealistic, but there should 100% be some international law prohibiting the development of nuclear weapons technology and only allowing the development of safe, beneficial weapons technologies. Yes, I know I'm stating the obvious, but still.

[@1st1anarkissed]

"Aggressively selecting for" can also be understood as "all the other variants died of cancer."

[@indigofenix00]

In the case of the wolves, maybe they had a similar instance of rapid selection as the frogs, where only the wolves with the most cancer-resistant genes survived in the early years. Now the radiation levels are lower, but they still retain the genes inherited from those survivors, making them more resistant to cancer than normal wolves.

[@markedis5902]

The world will recover, humans not so much. Nature finds a way.

[@LayllasLocker]

Humans are also part of the nature. They would recover as well.

[@leonfrancis3418]

​@@LayllasLockerYou're missing the point. Our existence is simply our existence. It doesn't make the world go round. If we all dropped děad tomorrow, life would go on, and likely be better in the planet for it.

[@deletdis6173]

Human bad

[@leonfrancis3418]

@@deletdis6173 They can be. It's a choice.

[@JVlk-tw6fs]

@@LayllasLocker Nope. Look at 6 mass extinctions. Up to 96% of species die out to create a new "explosion", and repeat the cycle. Also, the 1st mass extinction happened because some organisms polluted everything around. The've killed themselves

[@BPBomber]

Wolves naturally selecting for immunity to radiation mutations. Cool.

[@cooltubes547]

“So let us now take our vengeance on this murderous ocean” -people who detonated castle bravo probably

[@EmuQuest]

I have become death destroyer of aquatic life

[@bruhmoment-yt2zp]

The 2 bombs dropped on Japan were not the only ones ever dropped on humans. Australia straight up tested nukes right over where native aboriginals lived with zero regard for their safety and the US exposed their troops to nukes (from a distance) where radiation was so high 1 man recounted seeing the bones in his hands with his eyelids shut from the x rays and almost all of them died of cancer.

[@sapphiresupernova]

Not to mention the times the US government sent workers to "clean up" the ground zero areas of those tests and they all got super-mega-ultra cancer not long afterward. They knew it was still dangerous and sent otherwise healthy people there anyway.

[@mochumirmir]

frogs went fishing for the N-Word pass

[@Dellvmnyam]

1:12 that sign says "Caution, mines" and has nothing to do with the radioactive pollution but rather with ongoing russian invasion in Ukraine

[@MrKZee]

+1 also, I couldn't find a sign with text - only symbol, But for anyone who is interested, it should say "Обережно радіоактивність"

[@MrKZee]

And a side fact that Chernobyl actually was a military zone before the war so in theory there could have been some mines, and the modern sign for mines is actually red square, because it's often installed in "green" places, and the black sign will not be visible. So in theory it could be in Chernobyl, also there are a lot of shots from Chernobyl, So my theory is someone made this photo in Chernobyl and the person who picked it doesn't know Ukrainian language to understand that it's unrelated.

[@MrKZee]

Checked it again.. I think you are 100% right: the sign is made by using spray paint and stencil - not a soviet era thing and was done because supplying mines sign is not very important. In my defence, before the invasion i've seen a lot of red signs "HALT! MINES!".

[@Slawa_Saporogez]

​@@MrKZee You are correct. We did warning signs about radiation, but in current circumstances you will be more likely to find warning signs about mines from Chornobyl. It was an occupied area in 2022 after all.

[@drakob]

I'm actually marshallese this just hit me in the feels

[@vamp97]

I’m not American yet I still feel compelled to apologise for what they did to your ancestors. It’s awful.

[@sapphiresupernova]

Ugh, I hate how stupid our government is. No matter who's in charge there's always someone eager to hurt people and it's disgusting. I'm sorry that your ancestral home was taken from you. What they did was wrong.

[@patrickblanchette4337]

8:49 This bit sums up Moira’s observations in Fallout 3 perfectly!😊

[@manifoldcypher760]

Good thing she had the lone wanderer to use as a Guinea pig. Sorry, I meant study.

[@Randomlyme]

life always finds a way

[@joesaiditstrue]

it's like you know exactly what content I wanna watch

[@ob_dowboosh]

1:13 is a war remnant because it says "CAUTION MINES" in Ukrainian. 🇷🇺 soldiers were in the Chornobyl Zone. Some of them were told to dig in the "Red forest" area.

[@gamingwizard1609]

Nuclear fallouts pretty scary huh

[@itzhexen0]

Not really.

[@villager736]

@@itzhexen0 I mean if it's bad enough, then yeah..

[@mike_nolan]

Eh...

[@RobertHenderson.poopiebear]

Definitely F**KING SCARY! What's REALLY SCARY though is that for four years DONALD GUMP had control and, could have ordered a test and/or an attack.... At almost ANY time! Unbelievable!

[@manifoldcypher760]

Ask the people exposed to fallout.

[@theprecipiceofreason]

I'm glad that animals can somewhat withstand our contaminants. I'm sad that the conclusion appears that we are destined to destroy ourselves, in particular.

[@RobertHenderson.poopiebear]

So glad you followed your creative fire and, created nebula! I'm DEFINITELY going to subscribe! I love your work and wish you nothing but continued success.

[@chrixmarx]

the test on bikini atoll got humans too. they all die because of nuclear fallout. lets not forget then.

[@NRA-trooper]

16:19 what might`ve happened was that the constant exposure to radiation made a selective pressure, and selected out the wolves that had more effective protective measures against tumor growth, which would allow them to live a little longer in highly irradiated areas. And those genes that protected against tumor growth were passed on.

[@K0D4.N.FR13NDZ]

2:48 thats where SpongeBob takes place, no wonder they can act like humans and stuff.

[@gibdopaminepls]

Just a heads up Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not, in fact, the only bombs dropped on humans. (I'm on 4:30 so if you mention this in the video later, my bad) While unintentional, the Castle Bravo bomb did affect a lot of pacific islanders, due to it being bigger than expected, which were then effectively quarantined and treated as lab rats by the US to study radiation. One scientist remarked "They're more like us than the mice" when asked about it, which paints the picture of how they saw these pacific islanders. If you're interested, a few days back Evan from Rare Earth made a great video of the people of Rongelap Atoll, which were the most affected: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eIfPoXdup5yaotE

[@AlexCFaulkner]

How is the frog example quick evolution? Wouldn't that just be rapid natural selection?

[@John_Smith_86]

I mean, it is true, isn't it? The islanders are more similar to Americans than mice are

[@elpito9326]

​@@John_Smith_86 at the time, they were part of the US (or US-controlled territory). So, politically, they were Americans

[@John_Smith_86]

@@elpito9326 Right. Politically

[@elpito9326]

@@John_Smith_86 what are you trying to say?

[@kingdrew8888]

I believe another thing to consider is the general lifespan of whatever creature is being studied. Some cancers take a while to propagate, and to show their true colors

[@Frosty_tha_Snowman]

So... we had a pond in our back yard when I was a kid, and there was a jet black bullfrog in it one day, and every day for the next 2 weeks, I went out and tried to catch this bullfrog because it was so cool - in my mind, it was like a shiny Pokémon. I never did catch it, but I have always wondered why in the world it was *so* black. Now I'm concerned, because we had 2 neighbors recently get diagnosed with skin cancer, and my dad and I are having skin issues - some similar, some not. One of the similarities is an abundance of new moles showing up. I should probably buy a geiger meter. Oh my God. I just remembered, there was some big metal contraption back there that I thought was an air conditioner, but looking back, it was absolutely not an air conditioner. We hacked at it with an axe and busted open some capsule that sprayed a white mist all over. It had these long metal things that looked like 2 pieces of wavy metal that get wider as they get longer stuck together.. a lot of tubes, and a green shell that covered up a chrome box. It was about 5 feet long, 3½ feet wide, and 4 feet deep - just a dense, solid, metal contraption. It was only like 30 feet away from the pond. The guy who lived in our house before us was the head of a hospital... WHAT THE HELL DID I FIND?

[@pigeon8771]

I really need someone’s explanation to this comment if this is real

[@Crazedwaffledevourer]

Sounds like an orphan source, a Geiger counter is probably a good idea. There are definitely radioactive materials used in some hospital equipment. Ya know, radiology and all that.

[@alexandrdanko2619]

Chornobyl Red Forest is not around exploded plant, it’s just small line (stripe) on north-west from plant, where wind brought huge part of radioactive particles

[@LuckyWolfUnleashed]

8:34 Subnautica beat brought me back, and that huge coral.

[@LesEllen]

The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen, nor touched... but are felt in the heart.

[@kortjurgensmeyer5120]

15:08 that wolf in the back looks a little special

[@B1rakul0us1yflare14]

One of the most if not the highest in ranking of human's *dangerous/nature threatening* creations 😥

[@user-me6td1up1m]

A correction for 2:55 - Castle Bravo was not the first hydrogen (or thermonuclear) detonation. The Castle Bravo shot was the first to use lithium deuteride as fuel. The first test of a full-scale thermonuclear device was the Ivy Mike shot in November 1952.

[@MrRaposaum]

I got a question. Does radioactivity poisoning, assuming it doesn't kill or debilitate the animal too much, affect their perceived behavior in a critical way? Such as... would those animals be more likely to be aggressive under these effects? For example, we know that some mammal predators, such as wolves or bears, would only attack humans (unprovoked) in specific situations. Would the effects of radioactive poisoning on their brain affect that?

[@petrab.7780]

What you're talking about sounds more like lead poisoning than radioactivity. As far as I'm aware cognitive changes are not a significantly observed effect of radiation exposure, in animals or otherwise.

[@blademasterzero]

@@petrab.7780unless it results in brain tumors, but that’s probably not common

[@RenoReborn]

The fallout from nuclear bombs is relatively short lived and disperses pretty quickly, life would recover insanely quickly like nothing happened within a few decades. Nuclear fallout from reactor meltdowns however, that's a much different story.

[@4124V4TA-SNPCA-x]

Carpet bombing being not literal but figurative as carpet bombing a whole country by destroying all major cities and military installations.

[@ElijahR2023]

Maybe not that quickly, considering the fact that nuclear winter would set in right after mass detonation and many people and animals would starve due to famine. They may recover from the radiation, but would they recover from lack of food. You should watch Kurzgesagt's nuclear fallout videos.

[@Archangelm127]

Chernobyl was not caused by a "safety systems test." It was an ill-conceived experiment that required disabling all of the safety systems. The phrasing here makes it sound like it happened during a routine operation.

[@DomyTheMad420]

well technically it was somewhat routine. they were testing worst case scenario's.

[@Archangelm127]

@@DomyTheMad420 They were trying to see if the generators could provide enough current to maintain core cooling during a shutdown, until backup diesel generators could come online to take over the cooling. This was in the event of a loss of grid power. (Fission plants require power even when offline to keep the core within safe temperatures.) Unfortunately, the methodology of the test was incredibly botched, but pushed ahead due to pressure from Party authorities (surprise, surprise). For a full discussion of the event by somebody who actually knows how this stuff works (as opposed to me), there's an excellent lecture on the MIT Open Course Ware channel here on YT.

[@alicethegrinsecatz6011]

​@@Archangelm127 It is also important to note that the Communist Party denied requests for separate control rods and forced scientists to remain silent about known problems. The rods used to decelerate the nuclear chain reaction in the Vladimir I. Lenin Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl had graphite tips. While graphite can initially help moderate neutrons to increase the fission rate of U-235 to U-236, the party's decision to keep this design flaw a secret had dire consequences. In a hasty effort to complete a test, the leading senior engineer ordered the removal of almost all control rods instead of ending the test and performing a complex reactor reboot. He acted under the false assumption that the AZ emergency shutdown switch would provide a safety net. Unfortunately, in a highly critical situation, the graphite tips on the control rods exacerbated the chain reaction due to a phenomenon called positive void coefficient. This dramatic pressure increase deformed the rods, preventing them from being inserted far enough to stop the reaction. Like Three Mile Island and Fukushima, Chernobyl demonstrates that while nuclear technology carries inherent risks, leadership failures and the suppression of information are often the root causes of disaster.

[@tsarkiel8471]

Average schizophrenic conspirator

[@stevemorales7055]

🙄🙄

[@apexqc04]

For the coral reefs could it be that some forms of coral arrive and settle first while others still need time to arrive and recover, like the way flesh flies arrive at a cadaver in a specific sequence, and it's just that we are observing these reefs part way through the process?

[@Strype13]

[1:53] There's an extremely tiny bug crawling around in very close proximity to that frog's eyeball and I hate everything about it.

[@AdriansArts]

lol chill it’s just a tiny beetle

[@ruththinkingoutside.707]

Okay.. @19:31 you sold me on the paleo archeology.. It’s my FAVORITE history phase to binge in any way.. So.. Now I’ll have to see about nebula.. even though I still don’t have a functioning television or computer 😂..

[@Kilnor]

I love the voice of the narrator, could listen to them all day.

[@artawhirler]

Her name is Stephanie. And luckily, she's done a ton of these videos. 😊

[@flexrumblecrunch9140]

honey wake up new real science just dropped

[@StoffelDilligas]

"Clean up babe, Star Trek's on" Those who know, know.

[@FutureAIDev2015]

3:51 that number is off by three orders of magnitude by the way

[@soundspark]

Is it possible that (1) the wolves are more resistant to cancer because evolution selects for more radiation resistant individuals, and (2) the population is so dense due to the lack of human interaction?

[@gildedbear5355]

Not too lessen the impact, or danger, of fallout but just because I've been playing Fallout and because I use levity to deal with stress: Crawl out through the fallout baby!

[@nghiado9895]

Well done and well said at 17:25, "... garbage that network TV fed us for decades".

[@theman8209]

the chemicals in the water are turning the frogs black

[@tenntye6064]

Are you a scientist?

[@milkyproduxions]

damn, gay and black?!

[@Nawenn]

Actually, castle Bravo was not the first fusion warhead tested, that title would go to Ivy Mike.

[@flyingark173]

Have you ever done a video about cat eyes? I noticed that they seem to have a less responsive pupil and uses vertical "lids" to restrict the light, which makes sense. However, I've noticed that when my 8 month old kitten is in my brightly lit bedroom, he will stare are me with little veritcal slits, but if I entice him to attack my hand playfully, it seems that as soon as he decides to attack these lids open up and his eyes are almost completely black with just a sliver of green around them. I wonder why, and does a cats vision change from normal mode to hunt mode? What is the biology behind that?

[@book-obsessedweirdo8677]

They actually have surprisingly bad close vision, so its them trying to gather as much information as they can before they pounce (becayse they cant see after the prey gets too close to their face). Its a little more complicated, but that's basically it.

[@michaelpalmer3438]

Didn't expect a 5 minute ad at the end.

[@emom358]

Kyle Hill has an excellent video series about Chernobyl and radiation.

[@suryaray2809]

If anyone came for the Thumbnail Frog to check out, skip to 11:39 😂

[@b12-]

you just got one new sub

[@rickshawwheelchair]

I have Nebula again. Sad that your co-workers never get any air time until now for 2 seconds😅 Anyway, keep up the good work and I've watched all your Nebula videos, can't wait for more! I studied geology at the University of Kansas but didn't graduate, though it gives me a strong background. I like how you only spend one minute with the basics i already know and then the last 95% is new fun facts i never heard of!

[@LordSparkleBum]

These frogs got the pass now

[@norincurcan8827]

This planet will rejoice when we're gone 🤷‍♂️

[@abyssaljam441]

People are going to be really confused when finding this in 2080...

[@6v6IsForCaveDwellers]

Stg😂

[@jamingamer2782]

“World’s first hydrogen bomb test” Yeah, about that… operation Ivy exists. Plus, the TX-21’s estimated yield was “only” about 1.5MT, making it 10 times estimated yield, rather than 2.5x

[@Cornish_Co]

3:39 "Surface seawater temperatures reached 55,000°C." How is this possible?

[@raybod1775]

Blast wave pressure

[@Cornish_Co]

@@raybod1775 Makes sense. Thanks

[@RichardWilliams2015]

At the time scientists had no idea about the amplification effect of lithium-oxide metals used in the CASTLE BRAVO shots casing. It basically under goes a process where itself turns into fissile material that adds to the yield by releasing what I like to call an "assload of nuetrons". Modern nuclear weapons are said to have blast temperatures that momentarily rival the core of the sun in temperature.

[@Flt.Hawkeye]

​@RichardWilliams2015 they get much hotter a thing many people seem to overestimate is our sun temperature. The Fusion in the sun happens due to the sheer pressure of gravity and a smaller amount of heat. Sure the sun is hot. But we can easily Beat this temperature by Factors of 10.

[@RichardWilliams2015]

@@Flt.Hawkeye exactly! The hottest temperatures so far have been generated by CERN smacking sub atomic particles together like in the trillions of billions degrees C

[@sanketsbrush]

And that shit happened 23 times on that poor island ?!

[@WattsGemini323]

0:03 vault-tec dropped the bombs

[@SimonsAuntPhyllis]

This fast evolution you speak of is referred to as "Evolutionary Rescue" or, less commonly, "Lightning Evolution". Or "Light-Speed Evolution" I think. Idk, I can't remember. It's on SciShow.

[@gekkiebekkie1000]

This was very interesting to other videos previously! I really would like to see more videos on the effect of human behavriour and how nature deal with it. Very good video and so different from the rest so far.

[@user-AADZ]

[Intro: SpongeBob] You call it Bikini Atoll We call it Bikini Bottom The post World War nuclear testing It changed all of our atoms Mutated marine wildlife I was cursed to walk and talk And now I'm making my way through town To line some bodies in chalk 🗣️🔥🔥🔥

[@AlvaCoffey]

How wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress.

[@neevee_gd]

we found the michael jackson reincarnation

[@WilhelmDrake]

@16:00 re: wolves I would suspect that the wolves are being selected for resilience to cancer.

[@benji7275]

Frogs < Friggas

[@agamerslament5443]

Smart 😂

[@madelynblairsworld]

lmaooo

[@Skukkix23]

germany: surrenders the US: "so anyway, I started blasting"

[@flyingfree333]

Humans have been living and working in and around Chernobyl non-stop since the meltdown, the area is not nearly as dangerous as it has been made out to be. Areas around Fukushima have similar radiation levels to Chernobyl and people have moved back in and are living normally with no harm. Ignorance, fear mongering and panic have caused far more damage than radiation.

[@Dust2709]

6:00 Water is really good at blocking radiation, so if the water or ground under the corals isn't conterminated and the corals are deep enough, nothing really happends

[@NoSTs123]

Are they sponsored?

[@AlexCFaulkner]

Yes by the fallout show

[@RuneofÓðinn]

This just in: frogs have the n word pass

[@inumber6]

What app or software it's used to create animations like that at 9:49 ?

[@Champdrad]

Just one small correction, coconut crabs do not exclusively eat coconuts. They will eat just about anything including other animals. They often are found eating birds. There is also a video out there of them polishing off an entire pig carcass in less than a week!

[@MI-wc6nk]

I enjoy this channel, but small suggestion of better wording: 3 minutes in and i'm already confused if this is about radiation? bombs? disasters? 'nuclear bombs' effects are not the same as 'nuclear disasters' effects, having different characteristics, 'radiation' causing 'mutations' being one of them (especially long term, as the script insinuates speaking of the Chernobyl disaster).

[@masonharkness6437]

Well the title says nuclear fallout, so it’s not limited to one subject since fallout applies to all of those

[@V77710]

That one mutated dog broke my heart. Other than its head it was just tangled mess.

[@VTUBERHAYATO]

2077?

[@Azmodaeus49]

Nah this reminds me of fallout the game and series, not cyberpunk 2077

[@than.imeiii]

@@Azmodaeus49fallout nukes hit in 2077

[@pryncecharming2133]

Radiation proof wolves. So cool.

[@Cupania]

Video starts with an explanation at 2:30 minutes. Shorter intros, please.

[@MagStone-cf9qm]

Fear grows in darkness; if you think theres a bogeyman around, turn on the light.

[@SiivagunnerWoodmanNice]

The frogs lost their rights 💀💀💀

[@kenyarborough812]

In the introduction, you show a radiation sign in front of some antennas. That's actually not radioactive. It's the Duga array, a radar. The sign is warning the radio wave (not radiation) is dangerous.

[@livingdead233]

Well, the frogs lost their rights then!

[@greenghoul157]

I feel like the rapid evolution of animals in the Chernobyl exclusion zone like frogs turning black to absorb radiation makes me wonder what other adaptations we'll see over time, life is more resilient than we realise

[@paultracer3787]

The Evil beings that do this shit to our world are not the same species as us. 😮‍💨

[@leandrobravo3319]

Sadly they are and in claiming they are not, we create a compftable curtain that allows us to be surprised by the evil, when it happens, but wash our hands from ever having to stop it from happening. "They are not human!" aquittes us as a society of every responsibility of not raising them right, of not setting them right and, lastly if we fail everything before, of making them face consequences beyond getting rich.

[@Rohithmann]

FROGS DID A REVERSE MICHEAL JACKSON💀

[@dusk_overtaken]

ah yes, in 2077

[@OkidoStudios]

Wanting people affected by the radiation to have their story told is amazing and needs to be done, but why are so many comments asking why a video about the WILDLIFE is not talking about human communities?

[@Giacobbo88]

Boosted evolution?

[@darinherrick9224]

Absolutely ludicrous. They’ll be saying nuking Japan should have resulted in the X-Men next.

[@Slawa_Saporogez]

It's about nature, not humans. But even then results are inconclusive.

[@SciMinute]

Nuclear fallout is pretty scary indeed..! 😢

[@Netbase2000]

Hiroshima was a warcrime btw

[@villager736]

It's not a warcrime if you win.

[@benbeveridge7982]

So was Nanking, Manila, Manchuria, Bataan and Pearl Harbour

[@Archangelm127]

The US killed far more Japanese (and German) civilians with a combination of high-explosive and incendiary bombs than we ever could have with nukes. (We had a very limited supply of fissile material at that time, only enough for 4 or so bombs. We could have done one more, and it would have been quite a stretch.) Anyway, look up the word "firestorm" on Wikipedia for an explanation and an itemized list of attacks.

[@chiquita683]

Nukes don't exist

[@istvansipos9940]

It would have been one, if the losing side had done it. Sad? Kinda. But that's how it works. by the way, warcrime or not, what whas the alternative? NOT as a player in a ww2 strategy. What would have been your choice, if you had led a democracy with a war economy, with many tragic losses, and with a BOMB? till then I wonder: Why would any sane adult bring up warcrimes (or not) under a SCIENCE video?