Renin angiotensin system regulates blood pressure

One of the proteins present in the blood is called angiotensinogen. This is a short protein produced by the liver and is inactive; it just circulates in the blood. However, when renin acts on angiotensinogen it converts it into another shorter protein called angiotensin I. As angiotensin I passes through the lungs it is converted into angiotensin II by an enzyme called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a powerful vascular vasoconstrictor; this will increase peripheral resistance which will in turn increase blood pressure.
In addition to increasing BP by direct vasoconstriction angiotensin II also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. This will increasethe amount of sodium reabsorbed from the renal tubules and so increase levels of sodium in the blood. As mentioned, increased levels of sodium increases the osmotic potential of the blood and so it attracts more water. This means more water is retained in the plasma increasing blood volumes. These increased volumes will increase venous return and so blood pressure. Conversely, lower amounts of angiotensin II will reduce aldosterone secretion leading to more sodium excretion. This will lower sodium levels in the blood leading to lowered blood volumes and so lower BP.
If the systemic blood pressure is increased the pressure in the afferent arteriole will also be increased. This will be detected by the JGA cells which will respond by reducing renin secretion. When less renin is present in the blood, more angeotensionogen will remain in inactive form.
This renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism allows the kidneys to regulate their own blood flow to an extent. When an organ regulates itself in this way it is called autoregulation.
If for any reason the kidneys over-secrete renin blood pressure will be raised. An abnormally high BP is termed hypertension. Renin excess probably explains most cases of chronic hypertension. You may have come across ACE inhibiting drugs; these inhibit ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) and so inhibit the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. If there is less angiotensin II there will be less vasoconstriction and less secretion of aldosterone and so blood pressure will be lowered.

[@socialworkwithmuhib6709]

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Thank you John!! So glad these videos remain available.

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Really appreciate the pace at which he delivered that brief lecture. I have a better understanding of the mechanism now

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[@Campbellteaching]

Thanks Ogechi, this is great to know. Which country are you in?

[@ogechiugwudi-alilonu6601]

@@Campbellteaching I am in United States. Thanks.

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Thank you Dr John Campbell. Your logical and concise contribution to KZbin has benefited my studies. I am about to graduate BaNursing and owe an awful lot of my accumulation of knowledge, to your videos. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you!

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You can now get all of the current videos and podcasts on a 64 Gig flash drive. About 420 video files and 100 podcasts. You can order one from campbellteaching.co.uk This saves ordering individual disks, its all on the one flashdrive. Best wishes, John

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[@shayj4312]

I am finding it very interesting as someone who after a virus in 2021 now diagnosed with dysautonomia/POTS, now have low blood pressure and abnormal low renin, I’m trying to figure it all out with no medical knowledge so videos like this really help

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Clear and simple to understand.❤️

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Just got a positive high lab result for very high renin. This explains more than everything

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[@Campbellteaching]

You are welcome 😊

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[@hendriksaldua8208]

Renal Denervation (non-invasive) would be the best solution to correct the renal nerves not to produce renin that much. I hope they finish their clinicl study soon.

[@Campbellteaching]

I guess it would have to be pharmacological? However, would this mean that the patient produced almost no renin at all, and so be hypotesive?

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Amazing possibilities

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Thank you Dr Campbell, do we all produce renin?

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Thank you Dr. for the elaborate explanation. Is there an explanation for why we have excess renin production in essential hypertension???

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The best teacher

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Thank you do much.

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Dr Campbell, how would u explain the occurence of hypertension in Nephritic syndrome? And the correlation with RAAS

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I am currently a final year MBBS student..... Before reading any system in MEDICINE subject i always see your vedio to clear my basics physiology...A big thanks to you dr. Campell for such an amazing type of teaching style😍😍😍....& special thanks for the CVS topics

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Dr. Campbell, why does the king have ACE 2 receptors for you think?

[@user-fh4yj2mw9c]

Perfect 👌

[@Dubhghaill]

Thank -you for telling me WHY i have high blood pressure... Now i need to know WHY my kidneys produce to much renin...

[@12_Goownway]

Follow the MAP. For those who've been acquainted with the phrase, Follow the MAP, double meanings exist. Mean Arterial Pressure is key. Organ perfusion. Vitality. I suggest you watch to the end and reconcile your medication lists or those of your loved ones.

[@Sportliveonline]

brilliant

[@rashmiaggarwal4497]

Amazing

[@filmic1]

Why do the kidneys lie outside the coelomic cavity? Is blood pressure regulation temperature dependant? Thanks.

[@TheNeckbender]

Is the raas system the main system for regulating BP? I understand that kidneys are very particular about BP since its a filtration organ, but does that mean all other organs are subordinate the kidneys?