Repairing some common problems on a 42" cut john Deere deck. Welding / metal work

[@MusicGodsNFT]

You did a nice job on that. I really like the round bar fix and this issue on mine is how I ended up here. When I bought this mower I didn't think it was worth the cost to have the fabricated deck instead of the stamped one we got. If I had it to do over again I would do the welded fabricated deck 100% of the time, hands down. Thanks for the video. Wishing you well.

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@MusicGodsNFT thanks for the comment. Some stamped decks are great like the Kubota and gt5000 and other 54” Husqvarna built tractors had one heck of a stamped deck. Have to watch out these days, they know the fabricated decks sell so they make some cheep ones that look good but still junk.

[@simong9657]

I just want to say thank you for this video. My idler pulley had broken free and I was going to cut the mount like on this one. I watched your video this morning and this afternoon welded the mounting Bolt back on from the top all square and refitted the pulley. If I hadn't found your channel I would have done the wrong way. Again thank you very much from Down Under.

[@AerialLensVideo]

You are a great craftsman and welder - Thanks! That said, I will never purchase one of these under-engineered and (now I know) overpriced units again. There is simply no excuse for JD or any other maker to compromise so many structural areas of their "world class" products. Such garbage. Many will defend them saying the equipment needs to be better cared-for, but that is BS, since the designers should anticipate all normal outdoor uses and abuses rather than time it all to crumble at the end of warranty. Thanks for posting ways to rescue the deck's shortcomings and outright failures. You are the Man.

[@GTObearclaw1]

AerialLensVideo Thanks for taking the time to comment. These are pathetic quality. I'm amazed JD has continued to allow these tractors to be sold after they have proven to be over priced and under built. You can get a better AYP machine for several hundred $ less and come out with a much better deal. It's sad to see they are compromising quality for a brand that has been long established as a high quality name. I guess it's all about that bottom line for JD now. Thanks for the complement.

[@AerialLensVideo]

Yep. It is worth noting that there are "bottom lines" now and bottom lines later; JD may pull in extra dollars now, but they will pull in a shut down business in a few short years. Their decision: Use foresight or not.

[@justaviewerortwo2924]

Agree 100% My old green craftsman’s paint is still rock sold and deck was good Quality was amazing.as these are made by Husqvarna or whoever makes Husqvarna , craftsman etc make a much better machine for sure. But it’s like anything they make it cheaper cheaper cheaper cheaper and that’s where the world is. I had sold my old craftsman and bought this John Deere with only 32 hours on it it was nice for the first year and then paint pealed and seat cracked.

[@AerialLensVideo]

@@justaviewerortwo2924 MAYBE with a reemphasis on American manufacturing and parts, things will improve. They need to understand we will pay a little more for something that lasts. I have my grandfather's AMERICAN lawn mower from the 1950's -- just keeps on keeping on. John Deer makes their mowers in Tenn largely from Chinese parts. JD Ag products are all from China and Brasil I believe (not sure).

[@stewmills1607]

Thanks a lot for putting up this vid! I was thinking I might have to buy a new deck when I saw cracks in it but it is no way as bad as this one. Inspired now to fix it instead. Gonna check out the deck repair ring . Thanks once again for your help man.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Awesome, glad to know it was useful. Best of luck with your project.

[@benvarela134]

WOW, I am super impressed with how you repaired this deck. Your really good. Thanks for this video.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Ben Varela Thanks for the comment. I have fun doing these repairs. Never know exactly how each one will turn out. I just jump in and find scrap parts around the shop to get it done. Comments like yours make me even more excited to tackle the next crazy destroyed deck.

[@stevie1234ism]

Wow what a great repair. I fix decks too but I’m no welder. I cut metal and patch holes and cracks by sandwiching plates and attach with Big rivets or Fasteners. A lot of decks are so rusted you can’t do much with them.

[@GTObearclaw1]

steve eubanks cool, several ways to skin a cat. I am no pro welder. Just learned out of necessity and getting better with time. Glad your out there fixing decks. Not many of us doing it.

[@ksolobk]

Excellent work!!! I wish there was a tech like u here in CT.

[@GTObearclaw1]

ksolobk Thanks, I appricate the complement

[@richardjura7044]

Hey Russ, excellent job there young man. Thanks!

[@alexmeboy]

You are a Artist. Great video !

[@RustyGlovebox]

Dang , They beat the beejesus out of mower deck. Good luck with that repair

[@GTObearclaw1]

Customer already picked it up, that bad boy is ready for more abuse.

[@steveclark9676]

Nice work hope the guy painted it after you did all that repair..

[@gilbertmesen3558]

Thanks 4.this videos I need you help with my. 42 john deere deck I in greenville tx

[@GTObearclaw1]

Hopfully you can get it fixed.

[@terryhites1]

Great idea of putting roundbar at the bottom! Great idea that I will use on mine, thanks

[@GTObearclaw1]

The deck repair rings are handy, Iv started using those and they really reinforce the deck shell At the mandrel mounts. The decks are thin and hold up okay for small yards but if you really want to work one of these hard it helps To beef up The deck some.

[@wagstail4804]

I hope after that fine fix you put on a good paint job to match. great repair!

[@GTObearclaw1]

Thanks

[@blueovalfan23]

I had rot in my deck but the cracks were there to. I plugged the rot up with wire lol. It worked and survived beating the snot out of the seized spindle shaft. I think I'm good.. Cuts well enough to suit me to.. Not perfect but you have to look for the streak in the grass.

[@dennisdorsey3553]

thanks this video was very helpful

[@judges69]

Real welder at work 😀. Great job

[@bennoyb4055]

It's hard working on something that somebody else has done a hack job isn't it? looks like the repairs you made will last a lot longer, nice work. just one suggestion, when you weld up those cracks drill a small hole at each end of the crack, that will keep them from recracking or spreading further.

[@jacobsonleland]

They do also make a doughnut spacer for the deck spindle for use in place of the washers.

[@GTObearclaw1]

This is an older video, I use the deck repair rings in some of my never Deere deck repair videos. Those are much better. As this video shows there are other routes to make this repair but I think the repair ring is the way to go. Thicker and much less work to install. I have been perfecting these deck repairs for years but haven’t posted any updated videos on the topic in over a year, maybe time to do another video showing more of the tips and tricks I have learned.

[@jacobsonleland]

@@GTObearclaw1 Sounds good

[@robertmcmahon2744]

You did a good job with that P.O.S. deck. There must not be alot of JOHN DEERE parts around your area. Here, in Central Illinois, you can get a good condition operating deck for $100-$150. Surely, save you ALOT more time and money than you had into fixing this one.😧

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@robertmcmahon2744 currently in my area a very nice Deere deck in excellent 9/10 condition is selling for 400 to 500$ easily. When I made this repair they sold for around 250$ to 300$. Markets changed. It’s all Relative.

[@nickskelton4726]

Great work, just hope they never need to replace a spindle bearing😬

[@GTObearclaw1]

Why?

[@nickskelton4726]

@@GTObearclaw1 because he welded his spindle bolts in so that has made it difficult to remove to get to the bearings

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@nickskelton4726 actually the housing should never need to be removed unless it breaks and they rarely break unless they come Loose and shake around on the deck and that’s what had happened making this repair necessary. The loose bolts started the issue. Welded bolts won’t loosen. However if the bearings go bad. Do not remove the housing. Simply knock the shaft out while mandrel is in place and insert new bearings into the mounted assembly. It’s actually a lot easier to work on with the mandrel in place. Only takes a few minutes to do a bearing swap. And a mandrel does not need to come off the deck to change bearings.

[@Alpha1545]

You know what your doing. In this example what welding rod did you use? How much amperage? Stick or tig? You're welds are good just wondering about welding. Good Job Thanks for the video JBFS

[@peetre]

Where was the wheel/bracket that supposed to be near the patch and rod you welded?

[@GTObearclaw1]

Missing in action. I dont always get all the pieces that break off. And not everyone cares about a wheel being there. Some of these tractors are just beaters. Some folks just need to get the grass mowed. Just my 2 cents, Those wheels are not as useful as folks think. Cheep model tractors might have none, mid grade model has a few. Some deluxe models have 4 or 5 deck wheels. In my opinion the wheels are more of a gimmick but that’s just how I feel about them on the cheep mowers. I like them on the bigger tractors that allow them to be greased and have wider decks that can cut deep if deck leans to far one way.

[@vschmeter9387]

is there a secret way to put the brake assys back into place ... brute force is not working well for me in a replacement situation

[@GTObearclaw1]

Deck brake? Yes, sometimes they get bent and require tweaking the brake bracket so it will lay the pad flat on the pulley when engaging. There is also a little nut on the end of the brake rod that can be tightened so that the brake pad just makes contact with the pulley. If the rod is sloppy and loose, the little nut needs to be tightened to remove the slop from the brake linkage on the deck.

[@eddiekelly5136]

Woodchuck Russ the Deck Dr

[@eddiekelly5136]

Woodchuck Russ the Deck Dr v

[@ahabthewhaler]

good vid mate, my issue is similar to the last question asked of you; I've cleaned mine up and putting it back together but when I tighten the two brake pad brackets to the deck they tighten so much they don't move, don't think I misplaced any washers, any suggestions? Could I be catching the spring between the plate and deck possibly, it doesn't look like it, but....... Any advice appreciated, regards, Lyle

[@GTObearclaw1]

ahabthewhaler the bolt has a collar on it, must make sure the brake lever is not getting pinched.

[@rickstan6595]

My problem is worse the bolt holes are ok intact but beyond that I have a circular crack beyond about 8 inches in diameter .It looks like blade hit something and riped it from the blade area to an area 4-6inches outside of where that aftermarket metal flange would go. Pls. advise.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Hard to Say but maybe better to Find a used deck

[@dddddd2100]

Do you have any videos on blade brakes or sometimes called spindle brakes? I have a JD model 125 and one of the pivot arms for the blade brake is frozen in place but fortunately it is away from the spindle pulley so it's not dragging it down, that blade is freely spinning after disengaging the blades.

[@dddddd2100]

also that same pivot arm being frozen in place was keeping me from getting the correct tension on the belt. the belt was too loose. so I backed off that very small nut on that rod or arm that goes to the brake pivot arm. now the belt tension is a lot better.

[@charleslarrimore6521]

Why did you not put the deck wheel an bracket back on ,front discharge side

[@KevinMiller-lh9ur]

I will keep my 34 yr old stx38 running as long as possible. My deck still is all yellow and all original. Keep um inside or under a tarp and dont mow wet grass.

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@KevinMiller-lh9ur yours is a commercial grade model and built in a time before they even made this junk 100 series. Yours is a superior model. Even the paint job is of higher quality. Keeping one inside is smart.

[@leodanryan966]

Nothing runs like a Deere (thank God.)

[@rarnette73]

It’s toast, recycle it!

[@GTObearclaw1]

rarnette73 - shows what you know.

[@aeridyne]

Any insight on how to get a really bad stuck pulley nut off? Its not even really rusty but I just can't seem to get the turd off to fix around the spindle like you did here, I have the same issues. I've fixed the mounts before, now needs repair around pulley but I can't get the spindle top pulley nut off for anything. Have a big arse Ingersol 5040tbq air gun that still won't touch it. Tried big breaker bar with block of wood under blade, couldn't get it that way either. Any tricks? I'm about to try cut the nut off without damaging the spindle shaft...

[@GTObearclaw1]

aeridyne heat the nut and if that does not work then I use a torch and cut the nut from the side just above the pulley and it does not damage the pulley. Once the nut turns multin you can blow it right off the top of pulley. Just keep the direct heat off the pulley. Get new spindle assembly Pretty cheep on Amazon.

[@aeridyne]

Pretty much what I ended up having to do. Little propane torch and some Seafoam deep creep worked on one of them, the other wouldn't budge for anything, not even a big arse cheater bar and a really sore elbow. I cut/split the nut off with a tungsten bit on dremel, got down to where I could just see the thread, then split it with chisel. Saved the spindle, although I do hate using it because the fine metal shavings and dust seem to bother my craptacular sinuses really bad. Need to invest in a oxy act torch at some point.

[@jojotubehd9975]

why wont my blades engage please help me I have a john deere la120 I checked the belt and it's the right size I don't know how to fix it plz help

[@GTObearclaw1]

Depends, is it electric PTO or manual engagement?

[@benburden9323]

How much for one like yours

[@Nighthawkrun]

Looks like rust caused by using a garden hose to wash off after cutting grass. Use a blower, don't get them wet.

[@dennisdorsey3553]

what's the best way to level up the spindles .my deck is Cracked bad and nothing level

[@GTObearclaw1]

First weld up the deck. Then you need to use straight blades to get a visual of how the spindle is sitting. If your deck is beat up, your blades might be bent. Make sure your blades are straight. You can use the blades to check and adjust the spindle position. I use a hammer and hit the deck on top or from the bottom to adjust the angle of the pulley. Use the blades to see how the positioning is Comming along as you work. It helps to remove the pulleys off the top of the spindles so you can hit closer to the spindle. I use a mini sledge hammer. I have found just using my eye I can get blades running close enough to the proper position and it looks perfect when you get grass cut. Not enough difference to see on the yard.

[@Vfh........y]

Woodchuck Russ the Deck Dr ......you and taryl dactyl......are the best. how much is saved over buying a new deck?

[@Vcoldduck]

R U running A 6010 or 11 stick for those repairs? Good job. I've got a Z225 that I'm going to look for loose bolts and cracks now that I've seen this.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Vcoldduck Iv used 6011 and 7018

[@robeftyearian8760]

Good job tgat thing was just about to go to junk like now it will last a few more years

[@JunkWrencher]

It's funny because I'm working on one of the right now, and none of the mounts for the spindles or the hangers or idler have any damage,but the rest of the deck is rusted to hell,haha.

[@GTObearclaw1]

I’m glad you have a sense of humor because serious rust in not reparable. At least I have t had any luck. You must live near the coast or a slaty area. I see a lot of that type of issues with folks near the coast.

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

Russ your work would look better mig wire and faster too.

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

Seeing your welding Russ, you do know that skip welding is stronger than full welds. You may not believe this but I did this for 40 years at work and saw the results of my fixes. Sometimes payloader frames and buckets came back in a couple months. When you have thin metal like this I am just thinking of the round curved piece over the open hole. What I learned to do was match the strength of my patching to the strength of the bucket. Usually 1/4" thick. The blade would be 1/2" thick and I would weld it full length top and bottom plus put bolts through too but never weld the nuts on like you did. They would literally grind the blade off in 6 months running the payloaders day and night 24-7. The one inch thick hydraulic arms needed pieced back together and I learned to normalize the weld with a heat torch after welding.

[@GTObearclaw1]

I don’t know anything about all that. I mainly weld mower decks. I learn as I go and have been fixing stuff most people say is trash. Even some mower shops say these decks can’t be fixed, I just like fixing stuff most people say can’t be fixed. I also like getting better and finding new ways to make my repairs better.

[@ilovemyevo556]

what do you charge for this repair?

[@GTObearclaw1]

I love my Evo This one was a larger repair. Couple bills for one this bad.

[@ilovemyevo556]

Woodchuck Russ the Deck Dr thanks for getting back to me

[@GTObearclaw1]

I love my Evo cool,,,, glad you got what you needed. Hope your cutting again.

[@guymhayes]

I replaced my drive belt and now the blades will not engage.Any ideas?

[@GTObearclaw1]

Make sure the belt was the proper length. If it's to long, it will not be pulled tight enough to engage the deck.

[@guymhayes]

IT WAS THE BELT.THANKS!

[@seminole715]

How many hrs? You can replace with new if I am not mistaken.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Replace what with a new? I'm lost.

[@rdspam]

⁠@@GTObearclaw1a completely new deck, all parts pre-installed, cost me $695 last year. 15 minutes to swap and back to new. My original lasted 14 years. But paying my local shop to continuously repair (and pick up/drop off) a 14+ year old deck that will eventually completely fail didn’t seem to be a smart move. (Like paying $4,000 to fix an oil leak in my 2010, 240,000 mile car makes no sense)

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@rdspam well yes Anyone can spend the money and buy a new deck if that’s the route they choose. Or if they have the tools and skills or use this video as inspiration and want to save $ they can fix one for a small fraction of that 700$ and not to mention make the deck stronger than from the factory. As for autos, I have several trucks with well over 300k and one at almost 400k and I’d spend the 4,000$ to fix a leak because the tax on a new truck alone would be over 4 k. But why pay someone to fix something I can fix myself. Also why spend around 700$ on a deck that will arrive new with the same flaws designed into it that will lead to guaranteed failure again, if the tractor can outlast another deck. I can beef up the one I have and make it better. With the right skills things can be fixed and then I can use the money for things I can’t do and there are plenty of things id rather pay someone to do for me. However buying a new deck is not something I would do because fixing things is fun for me and a skill I like to keep growing so I can get better at it. So maybe this video will help some folks because not everyone wants to replace the deck with a new one. Repair is an option therefore this video is here to help those folks. I guess everyone has a different idea of what’s the best way to go about it.

[@bigggtex4129]

drilling out the bolt holes on spindals weakens the spindal ....ben through tht already

[@GTObearclaw1]

It’s only enough to remove the threads out of the holes. It’s not actually opening the hole wider than the deepest part of threads that was already there. And I don’t believe it changes the structural integrity. I have not experienced any issues with that. And the spindles used on these mowers have a much stronger design than some like the craftsman with large openings between each bolt hole. These are some of the most durable housings I’ve ever seen. So if I had to guess, your probably not talking about the type I’m showing in this video. And when you say been through it, have you only worked on your personal mower or do you fix many machines and have had reports from customers that this is an issue? Because I have not had one single broken spindle housing due to drilling out the threads. When these break is almost always not the bolts or where it is mounted. Unless the bolts loosen and then the hosing rattled the deck to the point it oblongs the mounting holes in deck shell and eventually rips off of the deck. And reason is one of the main reasons why I’m putting better hardware on to avoid this issue.

[@Tinson83]

What city are you located in? I need to get mine fixed

[@GTObearclaw1]

Fort Worth

[@Tinson83]

@@GTObearclaw1 well that's a bit far for me! Lol

[@texascottonfarmer]

With all those welds cracking and spindle bolts backing out, you need to look at what is causing all that vibration of the deck. That is a lot of vibration. Something is seriously wrong with how that mower is being used. Also possibly imbalanced blades. I have a deck exactly like that one, and have never had problems like that with welds cracking and spindle bolts backing out. Also you forgot to replace the gauge wheel on the right front of the deck.

[@terryhites1]

Yeah the vibration and cracking problem is a cheaply made stamped out mower deck and mower painted John deere green and yellow with matching stickers priced to sell and having NO quality of a true John Deere.... that's the problem, the solution is use it 3 years, throw it away and buy a new one... well, except in this case, its weld it again and do it again in a few more years

[@nomanjones4803]

Do you ever get this problem on the 48" deck? seems they are a lot thicker gauge metal.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Noman Jones the 48” deck has the same problems with spindles breaking off mounts. Same metal used for both decks from what I can tell.

[@richb.4374]

Looks like the dude was mowing rocks with that thing.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Rich B. Lol. I know that’s right.

[@tropx8995]

I would have taken the 30 seconds needed to clean all the dead grass and crud off the deck before making this video and making the repairs, especially the stuff right next to where I was going to weld.

[@GTObearclaw1]

That gives me a special fuzzy feeling knowing how you would do it. Just make some videos and I’ll watch you do it.

[@jorgeposadas1192]

This goes to everybody, this is what happens when u beat the crap out of ur deck and don't maintain them, doesn't matter what brand and u should have told the customer buy another one, this deck is trashed.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Jorge, you are dead wrong. I rarely tell anybody to buy a new deck, for several reasons. Fist, the new deck has the same design flaws as the broken deck. Those flaws will eventually fail. Second, because the new deck shells are over priced. Why spend 550$ -700 for something that can be fixed for a fraction of the cost. And these low end big box store deere decks are the absolute worst. Iv worked on many tractors and never seen a deck consistently fail like these do. This deck is no longer trashed, you can see the final product and it came out pretty nice.

[@terryhites1]

The mindset of throw it away and replace it with new is what drives people to be parts changers and not craftsmen... it takes less money to fabricate this to work again and gives the owner more money in his pocket. That is also wasteful

[@rustusandroid]

How can one of the most expensive mowers, be so sh-tilly engineered...

[@0ShuanTheSheep0]

Wow... why??? Why even put the time into this one... first question should be, why are we even buying this crap to start with? Stop buying this crap these companies are putting out, and send them a message.... edit...pkease send this video to John Deere so they can see the diservice they are doing to these customers, and why their reputation is starting to become more like crafsman mowers (ouch, that had to hurt), of course we knew this would happen as soon as they started showing up at Home Depot and Lowes

[@seminole715]

ya, but after the 3rd time being fixed at hundred and seventy five bucks a pop, you could have bought new and been done with it! This is already at least the 2nd time being fixed.

[@GTObearclaw1]

First time I fixed it, now it's actually stronger than new. These mowers won't outlast my repairs to the deck. You can take that to the bank. You ever plan on posting a video, or just going to bust my chops for offering help to folks that actually care.

[@HeritageFarmsTexas]

Hey, new follower here. I’m going through this same issue right now. Your video was very helpful. Check us out, we have a wide variety of topics. Thanks. Look forward to your next video.

[@anythingandanything3826]

Hi

[@sankstone]

what a mess.....deck is shot......new one $600

[@GTObearclaw1]

Wrong, no you can’t get one complete ready to use for 600$ so your comment is not accurate. The cheapest deck on line is 670$ and shipping is 150$ and then there may be tax. So easy $800 before even figuring tax. Took me a few hours to fix it with some skills and tools. For folks who want a new deck that’s a great option. I’d rather fix stuff.

[@seminole715]

the deck!!

[@GTObearclaw1]

Yes, the deck can be replaced with a new one for around 600$-800$. I fixed for 175$ and in my opinion it's stronger after my repairs than a new one is. The mower is not worth the cost of a new deck. I guess folks with money to waste can buy a new deck but more than likely folks willing to waste money like that don't mow their own yards anyways. So I posted this video to help people who want to fix a deck and save a little money,

[@williemyers]

+Woodchuck Russ Russ, where are you? How do we get in touch with you?

[@aeridyne]

Why pay 600+ for another POS deck? The reinforcements make it better and usable again while a new deck will just fail again because these things are shit. I've had two I bought just to keep one running and it's been hell. I've had to reinforce the crap out of my deck as well and weld up pretty much every mount.

[@johnnyhollingsworth7494]

that deck should be tossed into the landfill.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Johnny Hollingsworth shows what you know. I love this throw away society, something breaks and some folks run out to buy a new one. I fix what they think is broke and hone my skills. Just because something breaks does not mean it can’t be fixed.

[@johnnyhollingsworth7494]

@@GTObearclaw1 pal, that deck is way beyond broke but if you like to spend your time working on cutting decks that's your business. i got better things to do. by the way, my john deere mower is really old but the deck looks fairly new because its been maintained and kept in a garage with a cover on it during the off season.

[@GTObearclaw1]

Johnny Hollingsworth - it’s your pal here checking in. Not everyone takes care of equipment as well as you do. But I like to do the same and take good care of my equipment much like you. I think you might be missing the point of this video. It’s not always about buying something new. Apparently the repair is not something everyone will want to do. But I showed how I do it and I have seen from the comments of some videos I posted that folks find it helpful. A new deck is around 600-700. I fixed this one in a few hours. Not sure about you but saving 600$ is a good use of a few hours of my time. Even if I made 100$ an hour at work I would not want to drop 600$ on a new deck. I guess I don’t have better things to do. But I mastered taking a beyond broken deck and made it better than new. Did you even watch the whole video? I feel like you didn’t see how awesome it turned out. I would not be surprised if John Deere came to me for ideas on how to fix there crappy flawed design. I have profected the Deere deck repair. I have other videos where I weld on repair rings. That’s the best way to go about this type of repair. This stuff is easy to fix for folks who have the tools and know how to weld.

[@terryhites1]

@@GTObearclaw1 or people who care about reuse, recycle, repurpose, repair, or any of the rest of it... some people have a different thought process... mine is like yours russ

[@GTObearclaw1]

@@terryhites1 thanks.!!!

[@seminole715]

Pay John Deer the 600 to 800 or pay you,

[@GTObearclaw1]

Or use the info I provided in this video and fix it yourself. After all, that's why I put it up. I wanted to show how to fix it and keep mowing and save money. John Deere built a crapy tractor and many people out there have these issues.