Pearson Correlation Analysis using SPSS - Running, Interpreting, and Reporting

An introduction to the concept of Correlation Analysis. How to run, interpret, and report the results.
Session Contents
00:00 - Channel Intro
00:15 - What is Correlation
03:29 - Pearson Correlation Analysis
06:30 - Interpretation of Coefficient
08:18 - Sample Hypothesis
09:58 - Example in SPSS and Interpretation
13:45 - Reporting Correlation Analysis Results
For Lecture Notes on Correlation Analysis, Please visit
researchwithfawad.com/index.p...
#PearsonCorrelation #Correlation #Interpretation #ReportingCorrelation #ResearchCoach #SPSS
#ReportingCorrelationAnalysis #InterpretingCorrelationResults

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[@junebyun2180]

Hello, thank you for the video! :) However, I have a question for interpreting the results. I wrote a thesis and my hypothesis was « there is a significant relationship between brand image and masstige purchase intent ». I did Pearson’s Correlation and found a weak correlation (r = .273 and p < 0.001). Could you confirm that, even though the correlation is weak, my hypothesis is supported? And what would it concretely mean? Can I say that this is representative of my data or the population? I’m confused as to if I can give recommendations for masstige companies to work on brand image by only showing that there is a correlation. Could you please enlighten me?

[@researchwithfawad]

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hello Fawad, thank you for the video. I want to ask why the p value in the spss comment said that correlation is significant at the 0.01 and when you report it you write p < .001 ? is there a differance or the same?

[@researchwithfawad]

It is a normal approach to reporting significant results. When the p value is less than 0.05, we normally report the p value as is. However when it is less than 0.01 or 0.001 we write p < 0.001

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correlation is significant at the 0.01 - means cut-off value whereas p < .001 means actual results

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Helpful

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[@tracy-leesam5176]

Hi thank you for this it is really helpful, is there anyway I could get the source of where you got the persons strength table, I'm struggling to find one 1 can reference

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. You can see any statistics book. Books.google.com can be a place to start.

[@arielleamanya4019]

Thank you very much for your video. Please how did you get your nominal variables to become scale variables ?

[@researchwithfawad]

Which one please

[@audreyziqi4227]

Hi Sir, I would like to ask for the data set shown in the video, what are the values for SL1, SL2 and so on referring to? Is it Likert Scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree? And are there any videos demonstrating how to transform the variables at 10:06? Thank you so much!

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for the query. yes, the item response scale was a likert scale. The items (SL1 to SL7) were transformed (Mean Score was taken). You can do it by going into the Transform -> Computer Variable and then take the mean for the variable. As for the data, i am afraid the data is part of an ongoing study and cannot be shared.

[@audreyziqi4227]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you so much for the quick and enlightening reply Sir! Truly helped me with my research!

[@gracefolorunsho1815]

Thank for this video. How do I calculate correlation between two different groups with multiple variables? Also can I make a graph for this analysis? Thanks

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. Please watch the videos kzbin.info/www/bejne/en7Sgmx_icSUhrM kzbin.info/www/bejne/hprEl4qvj92Xick

[@nadyaali9692]

Hello thank you so much for explaining this! Can I know from what source the correlation coefficient table that helps us interpret the correlation is from? I would like to find it so that I can cite it as well.

[@researchwithfawad]

You may refer to any SPSS book. Like by Dail L Fields or Julie Palant.

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[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. I am glad you liked it. Hopefully soon i can do a video on Effect Size.

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Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Ameen

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[@researchwithfawad]

Thank for your appreciation. Please do share it in your research circle. You may visit my website for other tutorials/lecture notes www.researchwithfawad.com

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Professor. Is checking for correlation among the variables, a requirement before doing cluster analysis using those variables?

[@researchwithfawad]

I am not sure about cluster analysis. You may read about it.

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Thank you so much for this. May I use this for my students to watch?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. Sure, please do share the video.

[@gt8848]

I have been looking for opportunity for a while now. Thank you for the clear presentation. However, I like to ask for knowledge sake. Please is multiple correlation analysis the same thing as correlation matrix you talked about in this video.

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. if by multiple correlation you mean multiple bivariate correlation analysis, then yes

[@cathrineloukham7050]

Sir, I'm planning to conduct a study examining the influence of independent variables A, B, C, and D on dependent variable X. For this purpose, I have framed a questionnaire adopting questions developed by other researchers for each variable. Is it okay to do that? Please enlighten me on this issue.

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes, this is fine.

[@markjoshuapron2883]

Good day! Our research statement of the problem goes like this: 2. What is the level of financial literacy of the students in terms of: A. Savings B. Budgeting C. Investing 3. What is the students' consideration in their purchasing decisions in terms of : A. Social B. Economic C. Psychological aspects We used a 4-point likert scale for the questionnaire and we also used weighted mean for this. If we are to correlate these two variables using pearson correlation, how can we do it since there are factor isolating questions in each statement of the problem? Would really be glad for your help. Thank you so much!

[@researchwithfawad]

If you have a likert scale to measure the constructs, you can correlate them using Peason Correlation.

[@markjoshuapron2883]

@@researchwithfawad thank you so much!

[@feranipolina6874]

Hello! Where did you get the data in your variables (SL, SE, LS, LS)? How did you get it? Thanks.

[@researchwithfawad]

The variables are based on the indicators that measure these variables. For example SL had around 7 indicators. I transformed those 7 into 1 by taking the mean of those variables.

[@feranipolina6874]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you! I am conducting a thesis right now. In my thesis, I need to have the mean and standard deviation. Also, in my survey questionnaire, I used 5-point Likert Scale. How can I get those data or results using SSPS?

[@researchwithfawad]

To get mean, simply transform the variables. Open SPSS -> Go to Transform Menu -> Computer Variable In the Target Variable Type in the New variable Name, and in the Numeric Expression, take the mean of the variable. For example i have a variable Leadership measured using 5 indicators, so here is the expression mean(L1,L2,L3,L4,L5) For Descriptive Statistics, watch kzbin.info/www/bejne/iGnYmWmJmLqqiNU

[@ayesharehman9448]

In reporting your analysis, what is JS, and how did you re-arrange the table?

[@researchwithfawad]

JS: Job Satisfaction As for formatting, please refer to video content after 15 Minutes

[@anastark]

Hello, sir, I am a MBA student conducting a research study. I do really need your help. In the mins 10:07, you mentioned that you had already transform the variables (SL, SE, JS, LS), so how’s you did that? Is that the mean score from overall variables? Please kindly explain, sir! As I don’t catch up with this part 🙏🏼

[@researchwithfawad]

You can do it in SPSS. You will need to take the sum of the individual items. Let say, i have Organizational Commitment measured using 4 items COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4 If you have it in SPSS, Go to Transform -> Compute Variable In the Target Variable Enter the Name of the New Variable that is to be created based on taking the average, let say COMM. In the numeric expression type in Mean(COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4) Press OK. The new variable is created at the end of the Data View and is also visit in the variable view. You have now composite score for each respondent that you can use in regression.

[@rathinabala8166]

Is there any videos to know direct and indirect and determination of coefficient using path analysis

[@researchwithfawad]

No, not using SPSS

[@rrre4768]

In the data sheet, all the data of LS, SE, JS etc are averaged or SD of them and put as LS, SE etc.

[@researchwithfawad]

The variable are averaged.

[@rrre4768]

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[@deepaksingh-ut7lh]

❤

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked the video.

[@Exiled78]

For Likert scale statements that are categorized as (Numeric-Ordinal), which correlation approach should I go with? Pearsons or Spearman?

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks for watching. Please use Spearman Correlation

[@Exiled78]

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[@researchwithfawad]

Pleasure. Do share in your circle.

[@zintlemnyani230]

Great explanation.. am conducting a research on the relationship between motivation and job satisfaction.. my data set has 23 questions.. do I have to divide the questions in order to test correlation between these two variables.. or I calculate the correlation of all the variables…am confused please help🙏

[@researchwithfawad]

Thanks. I am glad you liked it. You meed to create composite score for motivation and job satisfaction. This is done by take mean of items measuring motivation and job satisfaction. Then run correlation

[@zintlemnyani230]

Thanks a lot it makes sense now💃🏼

[@valley-of-paradise1]

can we find corelation analysis with categorical variables?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes, if the categorical variable is ordinal use Spearman Rank Correlation, if it has two categories and the other variable is continuous, you can use Pearson

[@mehmetalpdemir3565]

Dear Fawad, I have a data set, on one hand, 12 questions related to engaging and felt confident, and on the other hand 13 different statements about online activities. For example So Can I look item by item for correlation? If it is not clear I would like to email you or discuss it with you. It is so important for me. I appreciate if you could help me out

[@researchwithfawad]

Hi. Here is my email [e-mail]

[@mehmetalpdemir3565]

@@researchwithfawad thank you Fawad, you are kind of you I will email you soon

[@ProTech_2023]

I have two factors; temperature (15,25), and Feed ( 1-4). What i want to know is, can i run correlation analysis to rest the relationship of either of the factors with dependent variable (weight gain, Length, etc)?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes you can run correlation analysis to assess the significance and strength of relationship.

[@applepakistan3164]

Brother, can we apply Correlation when variables are responded on 5 point Likert scale . For example, based on gender (dichotomous) of students, their likeness towards teaching staff (1-5 )

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes you can with on Dichotomous and likert scale. Use Spearman Correlation

[@user-fm2xq6to7l]

Sir i am writing my thesis while using the Process model 7 in SPSS. Im only using Spss. I have performed Pearson Correlation in the "Reliability and Validity analysis" section. is there any other test that i need to perform in this section? I only have 1IV, 1DV, 1MED, 1MOD (my model looks exactly like a basic Hayes model 7). Please help.

[@researchwithfawad]

Correlation is not for reliability and validity. You should use Alpha for reliability and perform EFA to calculate Convergent and Discriminant Validity.

[@user-fm2xq6to7l]

@@researchwithfawad thank you sir. can Average Variance Extracted (AVE) be sufficient for testing Validity?

[@genuiskids3362]

Al Salam Alikum: is convergent validity is done through Pearson correlation? what is the acceptable level and how we use the Pearson critical values?

[@researchwithfawad]

WAS. Please calculate AVE tp assess convergent validity.

[@deepajohn15]

Hi.if correlation is low such as.1 can we use it

[@researchwithfawad]

That is very weak. Is it significant? If so you can report it.

[@ruchikag13]

Hi, can you help me with my thesis SPSS analysis interpretation..

[@researchwithfawad]

I do provide coaching sessions. For Queries email me on [e-mail]

[@erumshahzadi5070]

Can u explain t.test interpretation or t value interpretation plz

[@researchwithfawad]

In simple words, t value is a statistics used to assess significance, if over 1.96, the relationship is significant.

[@erumshahzadi5070]

@@researchwithfawad plz upload detailed tutorial of t test

[@akashjyotipathak179]

Is it necessary for my data to pass the test of normality before analysing the correlation between two variables? If my data is not normally distributed can I use Pearson correlation? Can I run Pearson correlation test between a categorical variable and a continuous variable?

[@researchwithfawad]

Test for skewness and kurtosis. If skewness is in limit, use pearson. Otherwise go for spearman correlation

[@akashjyotipathak179]

@@researchwithfawad Thank you Sir

[@shayistamajeed9889]

Asalamualikum Sir, In case our data is on interval and ratio scale, but it is not normally distributed, then can we use spearman rank correlation?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes, you can use Spearman Correlation.

[@shayistamajeed9889]

@@researchwithfawad To get more clarity, can we figure out the correlation between say perception of usefulness and behavioral intentions using spearman rank method, if the data is not normal?

[@researchwithfawad]

Yes you can.