Reservoir Geomechanics Fundamentals

[@jodat3557]

Is there oil in asphalt? Asphalt occurs naturally in a few places in the world, but most of the asphalt used today for paving comes from petroleum crude oil. Asphalt is the heaviest part of the crude-what's left after all the volatile, light fractions are distilled off for products such as gasoline. Where does the US get asphalt? Today, most of the asphalt comes from crude oil as a by-product of the refinery of crude oil. Today, over ninety percent of US roads are made of a mixture of asphalt and other materials Of the 2.6 million miles of paved roads in the U.S., over 94 percent are surfaced with asphalt. There is approximately 18 billion tons of asphalt pavement on America's roads. Why do we use asphalt for roads? What is the best road material? Asphalt is easily the best material for road construction. Asphalt pavement provides a smoother surface. A smooth surface reduces damage to the pavement, necessitating fewer repairs. It improves fuel efficiency and reduces wear and tear on vehicles, making the choice for asphalt a great economical decision. How much asphalt is used per year? It is estimated that the current world use of asphalt is approximately 102 million tonnes per year. Is asphalt cheaper than concrete? The cost of an asphalt driveway is typically cheaper than concrete, costing $2.00 - $4.00 per square foot. ... In contrast, a concrete driveway costs between $4.00 - $6.00 per square foot for a standard installation Can you pour asphalt over concrete? It is safe to pave asphalt over concrete. Concrete is a great base material because it is stable and allows for excellent compaction of the asphalt above. In fact, many miles of concrete roads are paved over with asphalt every year. How many miles of paved roads does North Korea have? According to North Korean statistics, there are 78,700 kilometers (62,960 miles) of road in North Korea. And most of it isn't paved. The total length of all paved roads in North Korea outside major metropolitan centers is just under 800 km / 497 miles. How many gallons of oil does it take to make plastic? It takes about 0.4 gallons of crude oil to make one pound of plastic, which means that 11 million metric tons of plastic equates to approximately 9.7 trillion gallons of oil. Plastic Bags and Petroleum: About 8% to 10% of our total oil supply goes to making plastic. It is estimated that about 12 million barrels of oil a year are used in making the plastic bags used in the US. Other important applications include canal and reservoir linings, dam facings, and other harbour and sea works; asphalt so used may be a thin, sprayed membrane, covered with earth for protection against weathering and mechanical damage, or thicker surfaces, often including riprap (crushed rock). Asphalt is also used for roofs, coatings, floor tilings, soundproofing, waterproofing, and other building-construction elements and in a number of industrial products, such as batteries. What percentage of oil is used for manufacturing? For many, a barrel of oil is almost synonymous with its most prominent product, gasoline. While almost 40% of a barrel of oil is used to produce gasoline, the rest is used to produce a host of products including jet fuel and plastics many industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. How is oil used to make pharmaceuticals? Most pharmaceutical drugs are made via chemical reactions that involve the use of organic molecules. Petroleum is a plentiful source of organic molecules that feed into the drug synthesis process. Some sources cite as much as 99% of pharmaceutical feedstocks and reagents as coming from petrochemical sources. Are solar panels made from oil? Solar energy is touted by some as the solution to the world's energy woes. But the process of making the various components requires fossil fuels, both for power and for the components themselves, some of which are based on petroleum. ... Those plastics are made from-you guessed it-petroleum. Is oil made from dinosaurs? Oil and natural gas do not come from fossilized dinosaurs! Thus, they are not fossil fuels. That's a myth. ... It was subsequently used more ubiquitously in the early 1900s to give people the idea that petroleum, coal and natural gas come from ancient living things, making them a natural substance. Is petroleum naturally occurring? Petroleum is a naturally occurring liquid found beneath the earth's surface that can be refined into fuel. ... Petroleum is formed when large quantities of dead organisms-primarily zooplankton and algae-underneath sedimentary rock are subjected to intense heat and pressure. These organisms were the dominant forms of life on earth at the time.

[@o.b.873]

to presenter: if you use a picture or not your own information, put a reference, otherwise it's piracy and plagiarism, which is the case for almost every single slide...

[@irfaninamdar1643]

yes true plagiarism in every slide.