Resistors and Capacitors

073 - Resistors and Capacitors
In this video Paul Andersen explains how resistors and capacitors affect circuits. The resistance of a resistor is affected by the resistivity of the material and the geometry of the resistor. The current through a resistor can be determined by Ohm’s Law. The capacitance of a capacitor is affected by the dielectric constant and the geometry of the capacitor. The charge of a capacitor is the product of the potential difference and the capacitance.
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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly
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All of the images are licensed under creative commons and public domain licensing:
artists, GNOME icon. An Icon from the GNOME-Icon-Theme., [object HTMLTableCellElement]. GNOME SVN / GNOME FTP. commons.wikimed....
“Capacitor.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, December 8, 2014. en.wikipedia.or....
“Capacitor Lab.” PhET. Accessed December 9, 2014. phet.colorado.e....
en.wikipedia, Original uploader was DnetSvg at. English: Common Circuit elements.[1] Made by Jleedev in Dia and Inkscape. Redrawn by Dnet., December 23, 2007. Transferred from en.wikipedia. commons.wikimed....
“File:3 Resistors.jpg.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed May 16, 2014. en.wikipedia.or....
“File:Polycrystalline Silicon Rod.jpg.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed May 16, 2014. en.wikipedia.or....
“File:Resistivity Geometry.png.” Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Accessed May 16, 2014. en.wikipedia.or....
Lourenço, André Carvalho; Leandro M. 1/12 from Carbon-12, March 14, 2007. Own work. commons.wikimed....
Mets501. English: A Parallel Circuit, January 3, 2009. Own work. commons.wikimed....
PHGCOM. English: A 250kg Gold Bar in the Toi Gold Mine, 2007. Own work by uploader, Toi Mine. commons.wikimed....
Water Pump, n.d. openclipart.or....

[@RoyAndrews82]

Ahhh.. Mr. Anderson, what a pleasant surprise.. we meet again.

[@JerryEricsson]

Back in the early 1960's when I was a young boy, my friends and I used to walk out to the City Dump grounds, they were open then, no supervisor to be found and no gates restricted access, so we could search the huge pit where the garbage truck dumped daily after it's rounds. I used to pick up all the old radio's and other electronic devices from back then and take them home to play with. One of my favorite things was to find the old wax covered capacitors and tear them apart, ribbons of foil and waxed paper were all over my floor after I had torn down an old set, the variable resistors went into my parts drawer, and speakers were mounted inside my dressers, and even the home made hi-fi that I built out of an old receiver, a .45RPM record record changer deck, and some plywood over the face of an old book case with some cloth I found in the Attic. Eventually that went into my teenage sugershack an old granary that was on the home place, no longer used for such purposes. I converted it into two rooms, a bedroom and living room with an abandoned couch, old recovered and repaired TV set, and my Hifi. Man the times we had but that would be another story

[@octaviusgalacticus2253]

@Steve Steve Its sad I'm 12 year old now I actually wish I could do stuff like this now but with today's rules its really hard for kids to explore and be creative without being forced to

[@nihaal7750]

@@octaviusgalacticus2253 hey dont say that, there aint nothing that can stop curiosity! I m 15 and boy have i been doin all these weird stuff with my friends for a while now! We ve been ripping all our toys ever since we were little and we ve tried to make our own stuff with it (we failed at all our attempts tho, obviously) I live by a coast and flooding is common here! I remember trying to make a boat with my friends a few years ago with motors and push swtches that we had ripped from my friends rc cars and...it worked! ( After a gazillion tries tho) So yea...! Never give up i guess!

[@roselynnwood4657]

Wow tell us more!

[@sheresemd7231]

I love how your videos are short yet so informative. You introduce the topic, give us examples and equations to use. Short, simple, and effective!

[@Kat-gp6gj]

I thought it would take me all afternoon to understand the concepts from my lectures, but all it took was this video. Thank you! :)

[@saharkh4342]

His explaining is so good

[@madhavanand756]

Only single video on KZbin with these types simulations and expert explanation

[@jathinsreekarjakka]

My god! The visualization is mind-blowing. Hats off to you sir

[@himanshuarora6548]

Excellent explanation... specially the Water pump analogy... easy to understand... I wish these videos would have been 25 years back when I first read about Capacitors in class 12. It will be of great help to students.

[@terrytowell2397]

Greatest video I've seen about this subject. So so much information in 10 minutes. Very great video, thank you!

[@Eric-hg1ih]

I learned more from this 10 minute video than my 3 hour mech class..

[@prashanthprakasam8246]

haha

[@Johntb100]

@@prashanthprakasam8246 ?

[@usmanrasheed7160]

no , it's 9.15 minutes lol

[@M3Lucky]

Wow this was ridiculously good. Thanks for explaining what they do and how they work in such a simple and clear manner!

[@kirandewoo5390]

Well , learn must more than i did in college, thanks. Clear and direct explanations with simple language. Thanks

[@mohammedkhan4990]

Excellent presentation and visuals!!! Thanks

[@theUsesOFnot]

great explanation and animation. helped me to better understand the concepts

[@tedlahm5740]

Capacitor, current leads the voltage? Wonderful visuals. Very informative. Thank you.

[@carultch]

What really happens, is that current is delayed by 3/4 of a cycle in a capacitor. If you look at the transient operation of an initially de-energized capacitor, when first subjected to AC, you will find that current doesn't really lead the voltage. It is just that it appears to lead the voltage in the steady state, which is usually what matters most of the time. In the steady-state, delaying current by 3/4 of a cycle, is mathematically equivalent to current leading the voltage by 1/4 of a cycle. And when we only care about the steady state behavior, this is good enough for our purposes.

[@honoraryanglo2929]

Many times better than crash course

[@horse433]

Rick Grassi for real. Crash course isn’t that good and I don’t like their attitudes lol

[@rahulbasavaraj5958]

crash course is shit. they dont make it simple for us. its just the animation that people go for

[@nihaal7750]

Its more feels more like a revision channel than a learning channel. (Not being rude tho some lectures have seriously saved my grade)

[@roberthopkins7984]

This is a good tutorial. Though, will need to watch again to really understand capacitors. This is where I get slightly confused.

[@stickmaker10111]

Robert Hopkins he went a little too fast with the examples. but putting the speed down a bit helps when rewatching

[@anonharingenamn]

Very helpful for a guy who has never taken any class, ever, in electronics. Thanks!

[@kasac2001]

Very well explained. After searching through a lot videos , I finally understood how a resistor resists the current. There are numerous videos explaining what do resistors do but not how they do it. Thank you!!!

[@lvd2001]

Thank You so much - Very well explained and Excellent examples - even my 5 years olf understand it - Well Done - More please

[@nawidullahnabilbahadur9327]

What a useful lesson,thank you so much professor

[@usmanrasheed7160]

nice, ocean of knowledge in 9.15 minutes

[@sarahlonard3970]

Loud and clear,

[@crackmaster88]

explanation so direct that my brain hurts :D thanks dude, subbed!

[@enriquesalgadoaceves9017]

I knew nothing before this video, thanx professor

[@pabloc1519]

Best tutorial ever!!!!! Thank you!

[@Johntb100]

I agree

[@robward2299]

I've always wanted electronics to be expressed in depth, in the simple manner you achieve.......:-) cheersrob

[@educationpower1823]

Great video thanks. Now, how, where and why do we use resistors and capacitors. Especially capacitors

[@C_In_Outlaw3817]

Electrical engineering mainly. They’re used to make rechargeable batteries in your phone and stuff I believe

[@abasmohammed6309]

Excellent explanation ,it's really helpful

[@peggyt1243]

Clear as mud. Guess I should find an earlier video explaining some of the terms.

[@enzamamenam9682]

you are a great teacher.

[@sumisumi.parvin.5534]

I am your greatest fan of you.thank you for all your videis.

[@robtriton]

Dude, thank you so..much you rock!!! Love your tutorials! Cheers

[@nuderedfinger]

Wow man! Very good video! I like what you're doing! Teaching people how to work the magic of circuitry and hardware haha

[@plyons2403]

I owe you like 1 semester of tuition lol thank you so much

[@rolandmousaa3110]

Very Helpful!

[@seshachary5580]

very educative. Thank you regards

[@Sobeteiostadi]

The explanation is indeed beautiful but the problem I've found is that the concerned topic is not discussed in details. Sir Anderson has put a very little light on the combinations of resistor and capacitor. Resistor and capacitor and insertion of dielectric could be a separate topic.

[@raheem274]

Thanks, very clear explanation

[@arestis22]

Holy crap you are awesome! Find a way for me to send you money...you've saved me ages of textbook study!

[@brickinterviewertv]

ur awesome u helped me alot in my science watching ur videos keep them going i watched ur dna replication vid and ya good vids u have a new sub

[@eng.knowledgeseeker]

so helpful. so easily explained. Thanks

[@johnmastroligulano7401]

Great explanation as usual, thank you.

[@parismollo7016]

Amazing content

[@Thetrucky69]

Excellent information.

[@salaadkeysalkeey2690]

Good explanation thanks a lot

[@therichardchannel]

Great explanation, thanks

[@prajwolgyawali6770]

Mr Anderson Capacitors vs Batteries please

[@joshuaw7364]

Very well done.

[@adityamantri8984]

Loads of Love from INDIA

[@ahmedadl6760]

What a great anatomy

[@naveenchandra2845]

Man..... that's awesome....

[@Johntb100]

very good video

[@micheals1992]

if you connect an LED directly to a battery are you just effectively shorting the circuit?

[@drakelannon511]

+micheals1992 LED's are not ohmic loads, so they don't obey ohms law. In reality the LED will burnout if you go over its power rating which is why resistors are used in LED circuits.

[@larslover6559]

You are using the term "indirect difference" shouldn't the word be "inverse"?

[@gearoidwalsh8606]

quality teaching

[@crihs6108]

Thanks it make me a bit easy to learning

[@vineetavenkateswaran5403]

Thanks a lot. extremely helpful video :)

[@mahamshahid1801]

after hearing this..one thing to come in mind.. only one question to ask.. what on earth the rest 10 videos ive seen were made for if they cant explain capacitors.😑😑😑

[@kevinchau5336]

thank you so much for this video!

[@fontexstudios]

What program do you use to make that animation possible at 4:50 ?

[@antonyokeno5867]

Great video

[@madcowcomputer9492]

Hei: Mr, Your explanation of Capacitors Block DC & Allow AC flow is very Brief. Basically AC electron flow simply travel forwards & backwards cycle in between Capacitor Dielectric inside. You did now explain Why & how first order Crossover Speaker Capacitor can filter & allow AC electron current to flow/pass through Dielectric insulator. Please provide KZbin video proof & explain in deatail files if you knows. How it works? Tks... Why AC current pass through Dielectric Capacitor still can Produce sound on Speaker. Why?

[@thomasdavies6995]

Can I ask a question want to make my own 12v led torch using capacitors and resistors want no which capacitor and resistor ohm is best for storing energy fast with very low discharge rate want to make my own storage module using capacitors instead of batteries thank you

[@ThisMoth]

awesome, professional

[@parijatbanik6077]

What simulation is this

[@subhadeepmondal360]

Nice speech..realy helpfull

[@theskullkid900]

Your analogy suggests that a resistor increases current since the pipe size becomes smaller making water move faster which is current. Just saying...

[@carultch]

The pipe size may make water move faster in terms of flow velocity, but it is still the same total amount of kilograms per second of water current that is flowing. And the kg/s is what is analogous to current, not the flow velocity. The change in flow velocity from change in geometry, is a consequence of continuity of mass conservation. What really forms the analogy of resistance, is the frictional losses that occur due to sudden changes in the geometry of a pipeline, and viscous losses.

[@noxin86]

Where can we get the software you used to illustrate every section?

[@heemanshuraj9398]

Just amazing

[@cameronbrooks7519]

+Bozeman Science if i had two capacitors that were 2200 volts and 1.0 uf what would the output in volts and the output in joules and coulombs be? I really need to know plz respond asap!!!!!!!!!

[@saikrishnamv]

short and sweet

[@CH-xo8mi]

This is amazing! But oh man . I am lost at capacitor :P haha. I will get it !

[@samzahn469]

what two types of reactions are enzymes involved in?

[@carlosaf9975]

Hi Mr. Anderson !! I have chosen to do an Internal Assessment on resistivity for the IB in Physics and I would love to use the simulator on 4:49 . So please, could you tell me where have you found it?

[@carlosaf9975]

Found it !! Thank you anyways

[@eduardoguevara2550]

Hi Carlos, could you tell me please where have you found it? I am really needing that simulator please!

[@carlosaf9975]

Eduardo Guevara sure!! It is called RESISTANCE IN A WIRE from phet.colorado.edu

[@MuhammadAli-dp3qd]

tell me about the software you are using

[@maheshraghavan9556]

Wow very good...

[@scc519]

Thank you

[@vinaymalwiya218]

Excellant.

[@Neueregel]

I = V/R very useful formula

[@georgemichaelides1242]

Please correct your terminology, Current flows THROUGH a resistor you said across a resistor....

[@328athikajanath6]

EXCELLENT

[@kimwimisum511]

thanks a lot

[@mahamshahid1801]

what is dielectric a video on that too ..mister andreson

[@carultch]

The short answer is: it's the insulator between the capacitor plates, that increases the capacitance from what it otherwise would be, if the gap were empty space. It's called a dielectric, because the capacitor polarizes its dipoles, that produce an electric field to oppose the electric field of the capacitor plates. This means it takes more charge at the same voltage, since you need more charge to generate the same net electric field inside the dielectric material.

[@Murlockingqc]

thank you

[@painart8145]

Helpfull.

[@RodrigoNishino]

very nice God bless

[@sumisumi.parvin.5534]

I have a doubt. a resistor restricts the current or voltage in the circuit.?

[@naveenrajan537]

It resist the flow of electrons which is called current

[@omelzablan1990]

the best!

[@hempstead.studio]

Hey! Thanks a lot.

[@omprakash1453]

Awesome

[@dharmakissoon]

great vid for a crossover

[@anueie362]

super thank you

[@micheals1992]

you didn't explain the reason for the use of capacitors like you did for resistors

[@WaterbuffaloHD]

THANK YOU!!!! :D

[@sandipkumarrakesh7140]

how work capacitor plz animated video theory

[@aliyaizhara1650]

Great

[@Hambxne]

So how do capacitors discharge then? Do they discharge in the opposite direction since current cannot flow across the dielectric without shorting out the capacitor? If thats the case, do you always need a switch to active the capacitor? On an AC capacitor start motor, there is no switch so in that case it makes no sense to me. If anyone can shed some light on this, please do. I feel like a complete dumbass.

[@alammd.samsul8424]

example of a tube wel is interesting.......amd.

[@horse433]

Cool but what’s the point of capacitors?

[@mahdiomidvar564]

I love youuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

[@mesopomesopo4085]

I still dont understand the purpose of a capacitor in a circuit!

[@samarapdrums2730]

A capacitor stores electricity. It is kind of like a battery, but they are very different. Say you have a battery hooked up to a capacitor. Basically the same schematic (diagram) at 7:15 in the video above. There are atoms in the 2 plates of the capacitor. On the plate connected to the positive side of the battery... electrons flow from the plate to the positive side. Because opposites attract. But due to this, electrons on the negative side of the battery flow to the other plate on the capacitor. The plate connected to the positive side of the battery becomes positively charged. And the plate connected to the negative side of the battery becomes negatively charged. You can remove the battery, or keep the battery there and these plates will keep this charge (You have to keep the battery there for a certain amount of time to actually charge up the capacitors). Then you can, say, replace the battery with an LED. The circuit will be a complete circuit. The electrons on the negatively charged plate want to move the other plate, so the electrons go through the circuit, through the LED, lighting it up and returning to the other plate. But soon after this will stop, once both plates are equally charged. Hope this Helps!

[@stickmaker10111]

Mesopo Mesopo I believe he was talking about practical use. for example, in a Ac to DC charger, the sine wave gets split by the bridge rectifier. since the output of the bridge rectifier isn't DC, it's like a only positive never negative wave, the categories regulates the current by storing it until overflow

[@mrskywalker6114]

OMG we all know what a capacitor is for fucks sake... we just want to know why you would want to use a capacitor in the first place......and if not what would happen.....

[@Minfe-dk4vi]

There are many application for capacitor. I think when looking at capacitor, you must also consider that: capacitor can stores and release charges, and that it takes times(a short amount) for those charges to build up and discharge. Here are a few on top of my head. For alternating current application (when the current alternates direction), it can be use to filters out high or low frequency signals. Capacitor can also blocks direct current (when the current only flow in one direction), which are used in amplifier to get rid of the unwanted direct current (usually the output of an amplifier will have a combination of alternating and direct current). For direct current application, it can be use to smooth out any bumps in voltages (for example when your voltage is not always constant). Capacitor are also great for timed events. For example, provides 5V for 10ms, or hook it up with a 555 timer to creates a clock signal (use in digital applications). I hope this helps!