Richard Dawkins and long-time rival Denis Noble go head to head on the selfish gene | Who is right?

[@TheInstituteOfArtAndIdeas]

Do you think Dawkins or Noble are right in their idea of evolution? Let us know in the comments below! To watch the full debate, visit iai.tv/video/the-gene-machine?KZbin&+comment

[@mellonglass]

No. If looking at evolution is a thing, then we still have fruit picking fingers, salivating lemons, shared altruistic birth behaviour of equality and companionship ‘democratic relationship’ and with this in mind, we catapult young family members as these two, into the void of individualism and self importance without a mother figure of reason. How can industrial individualism with a climate failing in our knowledge, be evolutionary? More excuses than common sense.

[@y37chung]

The selfish gene view or other adaptationist/ultra-Darwinian views have been obsolete since long ago. There are lots of heritable information and information that interacts with selective pressure other than some discrete sequences of gene.

[@richardevans560]

Can't I think both are wrong?

[@mellonglass]

There was a time in history when intelligence mattered, the pay to learn model is both corrupt in capture and corrupt in opinion of no true debate. The education structure of debate is ‘top down’, not side by side, so in this way, every dishonesty can rarely be challenged by the education of individualism. Ie, stage theory is bullshit theory as we careen off and out of existence. Art is the expression of science, the two subjects missing from education.

[@goodquestion7915]

Both are right. Who is right among two agriculture engineers when one says last night's freeze will kill this year's crop, and the other says that last year's seeds are good to plant next year?

[@socraticmathtutor1869]

Honestly, there's no debate here. Basically, each nucleotide has its own phenotypic effect. Unfortunately, this effect is very difficult to describe because it's so heavily dependent on all the other nucleotides. As a result, the nucleotide-centric viewpoint produces a genotype-phenotype map that's far too complicated to really be practical. So in practice, you try to simplify. A good way to do this is by moving to a gene-centric viewpoint. This trick reduces the complexity of the genotype-phenotype map, but at the end of the day, it's an oversimplification, and it'll miss certain phenomena. For example, once you move emphasis from nucleotides to entire genes, the resulting model will have trouble seeing the potential phenotypic effects of a gene jumping from one part of a chromosome to another portion of the same chromosome. That's fine; every oversimplification is going to have some kind of cost, and that's completely okay, because science progresses by working out which simplifications are "largely worth it" and which simplifications are "largely not". In any event, Denis Noble's point is that even once you make the gene-centric simplification, there's still further complexities and non-linearities in the resulting genotype-phenotype map. Personally, I don't think this really undermines Dawkin's point, it just highlights the complexity that remains even once certain simplifications that are built into Dawkin's espoused viewpoint are utilized.

[@TheAlchaemist]

I would pin this comment at the top if I could.

[@socraticmathtutor1869]

@@TheAlchaemist Thanks. Nice to get some positive feedback once in a while, ahaha :)

[@robinandrews1389]

Such an excellent summary. Really helpful reading the drawbacks that come with different levels of specificity in a model. Thanks!

[@APRENDERDESENHANDO]

@@socraticmathtutor1869 You nailed it! 👍

[@EddyLeeKhane]

​@@socraticmathtutor1869 so much insight from such a little clip Excellent 🎉 I wish we could share links to replies

[@Rich7714]

It's just nice to see two men having a respectable discussion. No ad-hominem, no journalistic agendas.

[@notreallydavid]

And no 'As a...' openers!

[@Michael-mh2tw]

Both have journalistic agendas, they literally publish books and papers.

[@wolfie854]

Excellent the way these two people accept each other's statements and discuss the outcomes from different points of view. No talking over each other, no rubbishing the opposing view. How refreshing.

[@JudasMaccabeus1]

That’s because their both gentleman and have been doing these debates in higher education platforms for decades. A very different atmosphere and ambience from the modern KZbin atheism vs theism type debates.

[@vidfreak56]

But one is right and the other is wrong. Or at least, in many ways, mistaken.

[@JudasMaccabeus1]

@@vidfreak56 “Right” and “wrong” are not always such completely dichotomous polarities. There are degrees of “rightness” and “wrongness” in most things. Of course, murder is capital W wrong. Rescuing a kitten from a burning tree is capital R right. But most things in reality don’t fall so easily into such categorical simplicity.

[@jonmce1]

@@JudasMaccabeus1 I think you are mistaken in this debate, there can only be right or wrong. Part of the reason is Dawkins and Noble are talking of two different but related things. Dawkins can easily accept every argument Noble makes but state his conclusion is wrong, becuse in many ways Noble's example is a subset of Dawlins overall position. What Noble seems to do do is attempt to separate the subset and treat it as independent. Dawlins argument is that the basis for the all the very complex subsystems remains in genetics. Systems can develop and be inherited but that development is not independent of genes and have no means of explanation other than genes. In a much less complex analogy, computers have failures and yet they can self correct. That self correcting behaviour still despends on the same hardware and software basics.

[@JudasMaccabeus1]

@@jonmce1 I very well could be. My expertise in the subject matter is negligible.

[@angelotodaro1475]

Can two brilliant men with differing explanations for naturally occurring phenomena both be correct? This brief conversation suggests the answer is… YES!

[@JohnS-zv7hf]

I watched the whole debate on IAI. It was awesome to see these two in action. Both were brilliant and class acts. I have been reading and listening to Dawkins most of my life. I must confess that I was unaware of Denis Noble in a quality way until this event. These gentlemen were both great. Denis really made me stop and rethink a few things. This debate is well worth taking the time to watch in its entirety. I just discovered IAI and subscribed to that platform. If their content is generally as good as this, I want in for sure. Check it out.

[@Superfantastictop10]

Clocks chime. Bells toll. I feel I've made a valuable contribution here.

[@RoyKoopaling]

Dawkins has so much life in him I’m so, so glad to be able to say.

[@zorancvetkovic7204]

In fact, that man has been dead for a long time. He who fights against God who is resurrection and life has no life in him. Let the dead bury their dead..

[@hoWa3920]

@@zorancvetkovic7204 "He who fights against God..." He can not fight against God because he does not believe he exists. When will theists ever understand.

[@xking21]

@@zorancvetkovic7204 lmao bring god down here so he can answer for the devils crimes? God cannot control the devil? lmao what a weak god.

[@a6hiji7]

​@@zorancvetkovic7204but God has been dead much longer.

[@zorancvetkovic7204]

@@a6hiji7 God is eternal, as is the soul he created. The only question is whether the soul will be in union with him in eternal love and peace, or will spend eternity separated from the creator in eternal torment.

[@CoolCoyote]

hmm and I'm stumped lol. but seriously I think mr. Noble could have a point, things are always a bit more complicated at a microscopic level thats all I'm saying, so is there more to 'it' than just the 'selfish gene' or do we leave it at that.

[@monkerud2108]

bottom line is that if such effects are there they are like a squinting version of blind mutation. they would be selected for or re-suppressed in the same way any other gene substitution would be, except the new mechanism could both take away and give as another possibility for mutation. but maybe its apt to say that the connection to Lamarck would be more like the discovery of respiratory germs that spread through aerosols effectively in its relation to miasma theories, if there exists such squinting mutations. i don't think the Baldwin effect is appropriate, maybe an honest mistake, but yeah, don't know what else to say about that one, other than saying i'm sorry to Richard for misquoting him and so on, and social selection in terms of regimes where a trait can only be selected at the individual level due to a social environment with certain features is not outside the purview of his presentation of the selfish gene.

[@gk-qf9hv]

Where is the rest of the debate? 🤔

[@monkerud2108]

one of the points of this redundancy argument is that a living cell through its genome evolving gains the ability to proof read itself. which is a good example, but it is still part of the expression of the genome. :) the enzymes are all there and so on and so forth.

[@mikesmollin2043]

Are you kidding?! Pinker is a known Epstein associate who was full of it to begin with, and Dawkins has been proven irrelevant in evolutionary biology for a LONG time, so he just simps for American and British imperialism now in place of a scientific career. Mehdi is correct, you have very low standards, this is a PDF file talking to a has been who wrote his book in 1976 with nothing he predicted coming true yet still defends it with no facts to support it, but complains about religious people not listening to reason, what a hypocrite

[@chrissammels5444]

From an evolutionary point of view, I marvel at how selective breeding had resulted in those magnificent eyebrows.

[@y37chung]

The selfish gene view or other adaptationist/ultra-Darwinian views have been obsolete since long ago. There are lots of heritable information and information that interacts with selective pressure other than some discrete sequences of gene.

[@selfdex]

Which heritable information would that then be, if not the genes?

[@y37chung]

​@@selfdex A few first principles to consider: 1. Natural selection acts only on phenotype/traits. 2. Information requires an "interpreting environment" From these two premises, it is abundantly clear that natural selection cannot just select genes/genetic information because they can't exist alone to produce a phenotype (except auto-catalytic RNA if you want to call that a "gene"). Genes as we know it must come with regulatory networks (i.e., epigenetics) and the cell environment (that's why you don't pass on genes, you pass on cells with already equipped maternal molecules). The cell and extracellular interface have another layer of information encoded by electrical states to guide development. Even so, all these can be easily disrupted by the external environment (and result in developmental disorder i.e., phenotypes change with the exact same gene), hence why higher organisms are reproduced in a womb (to provide a constant environment) and these are all selected together en mass in the lens of natural selection. You can imagine the information goes further up and up and the causal network is a jungle instead of a single bottom-up control/blueprint.

[@selfdex]

@@y37chung Great explanation, but I don't think the selfish gene view as described by Dawkins is much different then your explanation. If I remember correctly Dawkins stated multiple times in his books that it is easier to speak in terms as a gene for this and a gene for that, but that this doesn't necessarily reflect reality. However, the underlying principle of gene selection would still apply.

[@jameswright...]

Whats this "information"? It's not a scienctific term is it? Irrelevant really as evolution has been proven since the 1870s. It's the corner stone of modern biology and underpins our whole understanding of modern medicine. Your a ape, evolved sharing ancestry with all life on earth.

[@y37chung]

@@jameswright... Does anyone know what babbles this Mr. Wright is ranting? Information is not a scientific term? (hint: Claude Shannon) No one is arguing against the existence of evolution here (nor in the video), we are arguing about how it occurs. Seems like somebody needs an extra English reading and vocabulary class.

[@RubemKicis]

Dawkins is a communicator, and never has been a deep thinker or even a proper leading scientist: his chair is in public understanding of science, someone with a strong personality whose job is to increase the interest, and respect, of the public for science and scientists. He performs well against lay people, but tends to be out of his depth against real thinkers. Prof. John Lennox, the Christian Oxford mathematician, basically demolished Dawkins.

[@SagaciousFrank]

I've suspected this, he's made next to no significant contributions to the scientific field. I think he knows this, and that most of his supporters are just people who look down on religion as much as he does. If it wasn't for his attacks on religion, quite often misrepresented and caricatured for the sake of easy mockery, very few people would have heard of him.

[@BGTuyau]

In this clipped clip, Dawkins' argument prevails, but one wonders what followed the abrupt end of the clip.

[@jmarsh5485]

I think thats because Dorkins has an army of 'bitter atheist / failed scientist' fans. They drink up how he enjoys telling people with faith how stupid they are. No surer sign of a dumb scientist for me, and I say that as an atheist/agnostic or whatever you want to call my lack of religiosity before I am misunderstood. All I say to such fanboys is read some Popper, Kuhn, Wittgenstein with the STEM lads. Only just heard of Noble but his argument is important anyway

[@BGTuyau]

Don't you think that this non-sequitur-cum-argumentum-ad-hominem would be more appropriately posted as a stand-alone comment than as a response to another's observation?

[@augustobraidotti6992]

I think Denis Noble is more up to date, just think he is more current.

[@kray97]

Dawkins is right, his idea was quite novel and changed the way I viewed evolution. Before there were any organisms, there were molecules which had the ability to replicate themselves.

[@monkerud2108]

well, life has redundancy, a lot of how genes are set up has to do with redundancy, like having codons that can be replaced without changing the protein and so on. so its kind of silly to say because genes are not always on their own capable to changing much that means they are not causal, because they might just be causal in a way that contains a lot of redundancy, and because that is advantageous on the whole through the fact that even if one specimen loses an important gene that on its own doesn't make it not viable on its own, it will be likely that a few generations down the line the offspring will regain that, on the whole that kind of redundancy is so important for stabilizing the important parts of the genome that it is likely to evolve in this way pretty early on in the evolution of more complicated organisms. genes are still going to determine the possible proteins, but if you have redundancy for small complexes of genes or single genes then its advantageous. roughly speaking ofc.

[@sonarbangla8711]

I am sorry, I don't endorse Dawkins view. Causal agents can be identified by the effects, so when he claims selfish nature of genes and provides a heap of justifications, he needed only considered Darwin's survival strategy , instead of making things up. I wonder what fantasy he will dish out if I to;d that imaginary number i is defined to be the ratio of effect by cause.

[@irish_deconstruction]

Can you answer the question of why members of a species help each other by forming groups without including anything in your justification which refers to the desires of the individual members?

[@Dystisis]

​@@irish_deconstruction Members of many species, including humans, don't help each other by forming groups. They are already groups, groups is the status quo, and they have to take active steps to individuate or personalize themselves. Darwinists often get the explanatory burden the wrong way around. Game-theory in particular is just a completely artificial framework for understanding human beings.

[@Michael-mh2tw]

Too many comments bringing up the 'oh, they're so civil how rare' take that you often see on these kinds of videos. It's not that it's a rarity, it's that you surround yourself with the opposite, or that you apply the same standards of 'civility' to an organized, televised debate as you do to a Twitter interaction, which of course are not the same thing at all. Stop watching out-of-context clips of angry politicians saying things you dislike and then concluding it must all be this way. Think about what you deem to be 'open-minded' - is it actually being open minded, or is this just a flowery way of saying 'they agree with me'?

[@monkerud2108]

and IF being a pretty important qualifier.

[@imid-ltd]

What is the purpose of the Poisson Distribution, is an instance random or not?

[@Parasmunt]

Denis Noble is a ringer for David Carradine.

[@rickadlam7467]

Who is right? Our opinions usually mirror our beliefs. I don't expect anyone to change their minds on this 5 minute sound bite. I made up my mind as a child, brought up as a R.C., that God is an invention of the human mind, who gets the credit for creation and everything right and beautiful in this World, and had to be feared and worshiped "or else", and the Devil had to be created to protect God from blame for everything that is bad or evil in this World. I came to this belief years before I had heard of Darwin, and decades before I had heard of Richard Dawkins. So who's right? Who cares? IMO Charles Darwin got it right and Richard Dawkins articulates Darwin's theories using current biological facts.

[@anthonykennedy5324]

Evolution...another concept I don't understand. It now joins electricity , magnetism, gravity, the sub-atomic world, the make-up of the universe. I don't understand any of those concepts. Conclusion: I have reluctantly formed the belief that I am just not smart enough for this world. I suspect I am not alone.

[@bobsmart8302]

There is NO cause. The crow has nothing to do with the bell and the bell has nothing to do with the crow. It is all spontaneous. Otherwise, would the cause of the bell be the cause of the crow as well? What aspect ow the crow need a bell? None. Where is the middle where neither the begining or the end are known?

[@deadman746]

This _debate_ doesn't seem to be about anything. I am far from a Dawkins fanboi, but I haven't yet seen criticism of his ideas that does not amount either to misunderstanding or misrepresentation. Sure organisms are complex and robust-you expected exactly what after four billion years? What does this have to do with the idea that the gene rather than the individual is the basic unit of selection?

[@lockingBlock]

I thought this was about Gene Simmons...

[@yamnayaseed356]

I have no idea what they’re talking about but I love it

[@stefanoviviani6064]

It's so refreshing to listen to educated people debate objectively and respectfully. It's a fertile ground for growth and understanding. So different from the political and social-media environment.

[@mikesmollin2043]

the problem is Dawkins is he kind of that person you describe, he clearly thrives off of media attention talking endlessly about a subject that anyone who has a brain figured out in middle or high school while never talking about the real issue being economics. Dawkins is NOT a good faith actor outside of a setting like this, I think he is acting in good faith here only cuz he can't do his normal favorite subject which is indirectly simping for British and American imperialism and capitalism

[@vauchomarx6733]

@@mikesmollin2043 Ayye, a comrade! Yeah, Dawkins may have done some good in criticising religion etc., but otherwise, he's just lib-brained.

[@edwardmitchell6581]

@@mikesmollin2043 Is there a book of his that "indirectly" promotes imperialism and capitalism? I remember him in an interview using the term "gentleman scientist" to describe Darwin. It struck me odd that he seemed so gleeful about inherited wealth. I had thought social Darwinism had peaked in the 20s.

[@mikesmollin2043]

@@edwardmitchell6581 No book, i did not say that, i meant his book regarding science became obsolete so he goes around on talk shows complaining about Islam which has the same effect of simping for imperialism unless you talk about bad economics situations increasing religious fervor, instead of remaining important by working in evolutionary biology cuz he has nothing to offer. He never points out that the USA messes these places up, and he is talking to the masses like the people he wants to reach have electricity and internet to even be able to even know who he is, he is a jack ass

[@winifredherman4214]

​@@mikesmollin2043wrong!

[@KavirajSingh]

Two too old men discussing truths of life with zeal, taking notes and accepting each other's points of view because knowledge is the only guiding light not their egos, this video made me emotional deep down. My respect for both.

[@CrazyGaming-ig6qq]

That's exactly the same way I began feeling after just watching for a few minutes. These guys are awesome and a pleasure to listen to.

[@commanderthorkilj.amundsen3426]

Here, Richard Dawkins displays respect for Dr. Noble. In other debates DAWKINS is RUDE, dismissive, reactionary, displaying Darwinian Religious fanatical zeal towards anyone who disagree with random mutations/natural selection, gene determinism as to why we’re here. The immense complexity of cellular metabolism, cell communication, need for directive information/planning, evidence of engineering far beyond existing human capability, supposedly occurring by catch-all terms like “self-organization” and “emergence” are a fairy tale. Photosynthetic processes capturing a photon of light--occurring purposefully-- in fempto-seconds, with 100 percent accuracy, in every leaf of a tree which grew from a seed should humble any intellectual into realizing “we….don’t….know” what LIFE is, or how it got here.

[@reallynow6276]

How are they accepting each others points?

[@lukacs7161]

@reallynow6276 You can see it in their body language. Also, both were respectful and listened to the others' points without interrupting. Not to sound mean, pay attention to how they speak and interact with eachother.

[@milesbetrov]

How do genes mutate then ? If Jewish men have been circumcised for over 4000 years then when will the gene decide to mutate so future Jewish men would be born without foreskin. Especially since foreskin removal has health benefits. So how come this has not happened?

[@jameswright...]

You just don't get evolution do you. Also the best you find on health benefits is may have. All the risk are there even if lower. What is known is it can cause scaring loss of sensation and kills hundreds every yeah in America alone.

[@midnightcowboy3611]

You just know that both of these two gentlemen are prepared to change their minds when presented with facts. If only everyone behaved this way.

[@StephenSeabird]

I'm not so sure. Careers and reputations sometimes rest on these things.

[@washcloud]

@@StephenSeabird Οn the contrary, careers are based on fact assessment. Had it been otherwise, science would have been stuck in the Dark Ages.

[@philipbuckley759]

@@washcloud you dont seem to know reality....most of us hide our bias, and the other sides good points....

[@washcloud]

@@philipbuckley759 Αnd you don't seem to know career scientists. Who have nothing to do with most "of you".

[@Joeonline26]

​@@washcloud"Careers are based on fact assessment" - spoken like somebody who's never worked in academic institutions. Utter nonsense🤣🤦‍♂️

[@richardhorrocks1460]

Kudos to Noble. Never heard of him, and at first look I was querying whether he was alive or not, and then he opened his mouth and spoke with more lucidity and clarity than most people a half or a quarter of his age. As I said... kudos.

[@cosmicdebris2223]

does that make him right?

[@richardhorrocks1460]

@@cosmicdebris2223 I'm not so concerned about that. I like ideas and perspectives.

[@MyMy-tv7fd]

Squawkiins is clearly slowing down - I have been laughing at his books since I read page one of the preface to 'The Selfish Gene' back around 1980. He actually directly, not metaphorically, likens human beings to robots - over and over, not by accident, he labours the point. But the amusing question occurred to me back then, 'Why did the Dawkins bot write a book for this bot - or any other bot? And who programmed him? God maybe?'

[@johannuys7914]

@@MyMy-tv7fd You obviously have some issues. Best of luck.

[@Wise__guy]

@@johannuys7914 lol why insult him instead of answer his question and refute him?

[@richardstacey6359]

I was present at this debate and it was the most impressive debate I have ever had the pleasure to witness - Professors Dawkins and Noble were eloquent, respectful, clear in their positions and at times humorous. I agreed with Professor Dawkins’s position….but thought that he lost the debate, which is a rarity.

[@tajzikria5307]

I thought both were great but agreed with Noble at the end.

[@ZwiftyZwifter]

@@tajzikria5307 I understand Noble’s point. The effect he’s pointing to wouldn’t be noticeable evolutionarily unless there were over time a reduction in the reproduction rate of in this instance humans. How does that show that genes aren’t the sole unit of evolution?

[@austinbandy5818]

Dawkins is a brilliant and kind man I highly respect but sometimes a good ole Hitch Slap is necessary. Sometimes I imagine an army of Christopher Hitchens clones just taking out each religion with only their witty Hitch slaps.

[@samuele.marcora]

They are both right as they are talking about two different things

[@theoutspokenhumanist]

It seems clear, even from Dawkins' final contribution, that they were speaking of two different functions. Therefore, Dawkins was correct in regard to evolution but he conceded that Noble was correct at the smaller, more localised level of embryology. That is what intelligent, fact focussed people do. They do not stand on principle. What I find fascinating is that we are still learning about the complex functions of DNA and genes, even though huge strides have already been made.

[@TheLuminousOne]

of course we're still learning about complex functions of dna and genes, what trite.

[@cdb5001]

Dawkins has not done any research or research worth anything in almost 40 years, to the point he can't even comment on Epigenetics. Noble is a far more prolific researcher.

[@TheLuminousOne]

@Zaraki there's clearly intelligence behind it

[@TheLuminousOne]

@@degaussingatmosphericcharg575 it wasn't clear for you, i understand.

[@TheLuminousOne]

@@degaussingatmosphericcharg575 Happy to oblige, I'll do the thinking, thanks. DNA is a code. All codes I know of, require a programmer.

[@DanielHagan]

Really nice talk! As a scientist who has been working on causality for many years, I think Richard may have to relook at the interpretation of association as causality. Judea Pearl has shown in his "The Book of Why" that this should not be the case. Causation would imply correlation; but correlation does not imply causation. A very important reason for this is that causation is NOT merely a statistical relation, but is fundamentally a physical notion. This is also why we are moving from mere causal inferences (which are mainly statistical) to more Physics-based formalisms like entropy-based causation for information flow assessments(in the Shannon sense). On that point, I think Denis makes a very sound argument. Globally averaged causation may look like correlations(this is why Richard's evolutionary argument makes sense), but they are fundamentally not statistical associations. I have really enjoyed this talk. Thanks for sharing.

[@OneLine122]

Noble quite clearly. Dawkins set the stage and is refuted by his own rules. It's hard to be owned that much. Then he make some weak relativist claims, change the goalpost and talk about something else like gene distribution in a population that isn't causal at all of anything. Someone asks a question, what runs a car? someone might say it's the driver, or the key, or even the fuel. But Dawkins will say it's the frame. Then goes on a rant about experimentations he does not do. Then gets refuted by Noble. I tried, but the key in, and whether it was a Honda or a Chevrolet, it worked just the same. Then Dawkins relativizes, that yes, sometimes keys do work the same, but as a car salesman, what truly matters is the type of the car because in the long run it's what makes money. One is a scientist, the other is a grifter.

[@paulmorphy6187]

Denis Noble actually looks like a professor, if I had to say what a typical professor looks like he is perfect, even his voice. I think Denis wins the 'Looking like a professor' part of this argument hands down.

[@mikechristian-vn1le]

Dawkins says, DO THE ;EXPERIMENT, change the frequency of how the clock chimes, and Noble says, BUT I DID THE EXPERIMENT, knocked out the gene, and very little changed, and Dawkins says, NEVER THE LESS, damn your experiment, WE KNOW BETTER, and if than an appeal to a thought experiment based on his own certainty of knowledge.

[@holliswilliams8426]

This is quite common in theoretical physics as well, it's kind of how physicists work. I actually worked on a paper where the theorist said changing X makes a difference in experiments, we painstakingly showed that it doesn't, then he said are you sure..can you try it again? lol

[@b4d4b00m]

At this point, it's not who's right or wrong, but it's a task that the biology community has to solve in the future. hard-line Darwinist's position in evolutionary studies such as psychology as well as biology has narrowed. cell biology and molecular biology have begun to accumulate a lot of research data on the expression of acquired traits and external intervention. The same goes for epigenetics, which is based on that. I think the hard-line Darwinists also need to take a revisionist view in these. Science can always change, and the possibilities should always be open.

[@skiphoffenflaven8004]

Absolutely! All that matters is that we don’t stay stuck in the wrong understanding. Forward!! 😊👍🥁

[@marutanray]

i dont who is right. but neo darwinists like dawkins are clearly wrong.

[@junodonatus4906]

I understand you except for the part about "external intervention." What do you mean by it and what does that research data say?

[@brentholladay3113]

Denis Noble, is the spitting image of young Mr. Grace, on “Are you being served”

[@Capochin950]

To me I think he is more like Paul Whitehouse.

[@musicloverlondon6070]

Wow! Now you've said it I can see exactly what you mean! To be fair to Mr Noble, he looks a bit younger than 'Young Mr Grace'! 😄

[@lsdc1]

C’mon, everyone knows that Denis Noble is the first Dr Who (William Hartnell)…

[@janwaska4081]

Dr Dawkins should check what Dr Mike Levin is doing at Tufts University.

[@ZARK0_]

whats he doing?

[@jpa_fasty3997]

@@ZARK0_ He's been stealing from the stationary cupboard when everyone else has gone home

[@roberttormey4312]

Excellent point - what I find amazing is that the genome doesn’t contain any morphological information, the morphology is all in the bio-electric information maintained in the proton gradients. So in addition to the DNA, the ‘extra cellular vesicles,we now have bio-electric information stored in the cells equivalent of a silicon chip!! How did so many information systems simply evolve?

[@ishyandmikkischannel8811]

At 2:30 in the video, as Noble explains how suppression of a critical gene didn't affect heart rythm, Dawkins face has the look of someone being shown that even if 2+2 = 2*2, the same is not true for 3*3 = 3+3. In a flash his whole life passes in front of him. He is unaware of experimental facts. He is unaware of stochastic stimulation. He is unable to process subtler abstract ideas. He has been a rhetorician all his life. His greatest inability is his failure to understand science beyond a 2nd year undergraduates conception of it. His other great inability is his failure to understand randomness. He assumes observation of randomness implies random events. Daniel Kahnemann is another one who misunderstands this.

[@bianco215]

Brilliant analysis

[@davidgray3684]

Well, this is certainly more interesting than Dawkins' head to head with Piers Morgan

[@danzigvssartre]

Dawkins talking to a chimp is more interesting than Dawkins talking to Piers Morgan. In fact, anyone talking to a chimp is more interesting than anyone talking to Piers Morgan.

[@G_Demolished]

@@danzigvssartre Between James Corden and Piers Morgan, I think the brits are finally getting revenge on us through emigration.

[@aspiknf]

@@danzigvssartre Disagree

[@johncarroll772]

@danzigvssartre even Chomsky talks to Morgan

[@garethyoung2931]

According to Professor Noble, knock out the gene and heart rate hardly alters; ie, it does alter.

[@Fomites]

Incomplete gene analysis.

[@richardevans560]

Yes but hardly. If your heart rate falls 2% does that kill you? No. Will it affect your ability to be a hunter gatherer? Probably not. Especially if you are more intelligent than average and can devise better ways to find food, such as teamwork or weapon development.

[@lilithlevaykjeldahl5257]

@@richardevans560 That's a bold statement, and I'm interested. Can you explain in a little more detail?

[@isatousarr7044]

From an evolutionary biology perspective, "The Selfish Gene" presents a compelling framework for understanding natural selection by emphasizing the role of genes as the primary units of evolution. This gene-centric view highlights how genetic traits that enhance reproductive success are favored over generations, effectively allowing genes to propagate through populations. Dawkins’ concept of the "selfish gene" suggests that behaviors that appear altruistic may, at their core, serve the genetic interests of individuals, either directly or indirectly. However, this perspective has been critiqued for oversimplifying the complexities of evolutionary dynamics. Evolution is not solely about individual genes; it involves intricate interactions between genes, phenotypes, environments, and ecological systems. Evolutionary processes can be influenced by factors such as genetic drift, gene flow, and epigenetic modifications, which all play crucial roles in shaping the genetic landscape of populations. Furthermore, the emergence of cooperative behaviors in social species challenges the notion that all actions are driven by self-interest. In many cases, cooperation and mutualism can enhance the fitness of individuals within a group, suggesting that evolution often favors strategies that promote group survival as well. Thus, while "The Selfish Gene" provides valuable insights into the role of genes in evolution, a comprehensive evolutionary biology perspective recognizes the importance of broader ecological interactions, social structures, and the multifaceted nature of evolutionary change. This holistic approach underscores that evolution is a dynamic interplay of genetic and environmental factors, rather than a simple competition between selfish genes.

[@davidmccormick4735]

I genuinely expected; 'See that evolutionary pressure selecting for island dwarfism, that's your mum that is'.

[@SikrosSpencer]

Mariah Carey: - vocalising the entire span of a piano - Richard Dawkins: what awful useless utterances. There are only two notes. No note, and yes note. What you’re doing is absolutely unimportant and I shouldn’t have to tolerate your delusion

[@tomato12terra]

Dawkins got it right I think; not sure how Noble actually thinks evolution is working mechanistically; what is his alternative to the gene centred view????

[@klopcodez]

he's way educated than you on this topic I don't think you have a stand of any opinion about this if you haven't done a credible work

[@tomato12terra]

@@klopcodez excuse me , what do you know about my educational status and work? You come across not only as rude but also arrogant. Btw I work in the area of evolution…. And pleased

[@ghostfacepacifist6046]

There's the Multi-Level Selection model which is popular among scholars, MLS theory suggests that selection will act on different levels, however: genes, cells, individual organisms, and kin, and each tugs the evolution of a species in different directions. There's other besides these two but it's not so much that these views are alternatives to one another. It's more that they are tools that each help to answer a different question in evolutionary biology.

[@richardevans560]

How about "we don't know" ? That is the standard with science.

[@tomato12terra]

@@richardevans560 there are certain things we do in fact know

[@davefordham14]

Can't quite put my finger on it but watching this reminds of lovely thick curtains that people used to hang on their windows in the 70s. It's a mystery to me.

[@ludviglidstrom6924]

I want to see the entire debate, not just this clip.

[@richardevans560]

The link is at the top

[@sgordon8123]

You will need to pay for at least one month subscription! It's not much.

[@Sasquiny]

KZbin it

[@roberttormey4312]

I listened to The Whole debate without subscribing

[@jerubaal3333]

I am affraid Richard is a believer instead of being agnostic. He has rather narrow perspective, his reasoning is kind of simplistic, and for sure redutionistic. He represents not the science, but rathe materialistic philosofy. (sorry for my english)

[@prateekjha1269]

It was very intellectual and refreshing. So what I understand within my limited understanding is : When two lions fight in the Serengeti for the alpha position , the 'alphaness factor' which will decide the winner resides in their genes or the individual lion is still debatable ??🤔

[@Whatsisface4]

Do they both go to the same hairdresser?

[@mikev4621]

they both DONT go to him : )

[@michaelmaloskyjr]

Noble seems to be taking a systems approach to the entire organism and its supportive networks, i.e, mini "ecosystem." Dawkins being Dawkins still loves his Selfish Gene and possibly doesn't quite realize how reductionist he's operating, importing this thinking into erroneous metaphors. Both biologists have elevated evolutionary biology immeasurably, but the field's in rapid flux: population genomics, computational biology -- the subject's breaking from its adolescence and maturing. And remember too, Einstein did his most important works before he was 30 -- just couldn't swallow quantum mechanics.

[@TomorrowWeLive]

Has Dawkins ever addressed the shameful persecution of the modern-day Galileo, Nobel Prize-winner James Watson?

[@monkerud2108]

and so there is nothing about the statement that genes evolve over time with advantage or they get diluted or cut off that says you cant even develop a molecular machinery that changes the genome in real time to improve its cell function or even in principle its offspring, but if that is a mechanism that has to arrise through natural selection then its results are also kind of part of the same process however its structured in the end :-)

[@prschuster]

What I gather, are two points: * epigenetics can affect the organism * genes are more essential for evolution I still think epigenetic changes can be inherited for future generations, but can they continue for millions of years?

[@KARAIsaku]

Epigenetics has been shown to be responsible for the change in the beak size and form of the famous Galapagos finches. Those changes happen at a frequency of a few years and they are reversible. Much of what is interpreted as evolution is in fact short term epigenetic adaptation.

[@joshuamichau5122]

These are the true role models in life.

[@germantoenglish898]

2:35 "...or whatever it was...I've forgotten now..." Quite a rude and dismissive attitude. He can remember complex information from 30 years ago but pretends to have forgotten Dawkin's example from a few minutes ago. I mean Dawkins also has his moments. It surprises me how bitchy these intellectuals can get with each other. 🤣

[@mostlysunny582]

Lol they are human too. No matter how much they pride themselves on rational thinking and behavior, they will never be able to escape man's nature. This is one reason why I've changed my perspective on the role of science within our lives and society as a whole.

[@gametactics1012]

Fact is, Dawkins isn't a scantest, he's more kinda of an actor, journalist, whateverMeanwhile Noble has written over 600 paper, also he was supervisor over Dawkins back when he was student. Noble against selfish gene idea,, and the actor don't like that.

[@holliswilliams8426]

a...scantest?

[@SagaciousFrank]

​@@holliswilliams8426 , clearly means scientist. And he's right, Dawkins is a celebrity for attacking religion, often caricatured versions of it, probably as he knows that he's contributed next to nothing to the field of science.

[@Daniel-sg2vo]

@@SagaciousFrank Scantest clearly means nothing. And your proceeding sentiments are absolutrly caricature.

[@SagaciousFrank]

@@Daniel-sg2vo , scantest was the incorrect word. And Dawkins is a failed scientist, who blogs and lectured about the history of science.

[@Daniel-sg2vo]

@@SagaciousFrank More caricature, and your definition of failed is very silly.

[@MarcoN.V.T-i4i]

Jordan Peterson be like : But....but.... '' muh '' Bible Wheeeeheeeeeee !

[@christopherrattew8591]

They are both right. Even if a gene's effects can be overidden, it is the ensemble of genes that is causal in this matter. Genes do not work alone. I just watched this because I saw two people I knew from the early seventies - the Balliol/Biology connection. I am not an evolutionist or physiologist myself.

[@stephencarlsbad]

It looks like the autonomic nervous system is potentially informing or directing the override process and the genes are responding by either directly collaborating in the process or indirectly collaborating by self-down regulation which allows other genes to become more active and instructive in the genome.

[@kennethmarshall306]

That’s what Dawkins says here

[@nicstroud]

"They are both right." Denis Noble and Richard Dawkins on the same stage but without the bold, authoritative, assertations of KZbin commenters, how would I know who to believe? Despite not being an evolutionist or physiologist yourself, I'm amazed you weren't asked to be the moderator. I look forward to the link, to your peer reviewed paper, that explains your claim.

[@christopherrattew8591]

@@nicstroud The evidence for this can be found, even within the writings of Dawkins and others. Denis Noble's description of identifying genes that have most of the control over a particular system, and then finding that disabling this led to little change, itself shows that it is the ensemble of genes that is important. My work was in molecular biophysics (protein structures), so I take an interest in publications in this area. I was in the Department of Zoology when Richard Dawkins was modelling evolution on his computer and lived in a building overseen by Denis Noble. However, believe only those things where you can find the evidence. It is there.

[@JohnAchterhofQED]

@@stephencarlsbad Dawkins is right. Just because there is redundancy at the organism level doesn't negate Dawkins' view on the primacy of genes. The organism that has lost redundancy may be just as functional in the immediate but has been rendered less fit--less robust.

[@Jahson70]

I'm not educated enough to affirm that Dawkins was talking utter gibberish, but it certainly sounded like that at the 'just a hunch' level, especially what he said after Mr.Noble's retort to his 'cock and bell' analogy.

[@Daniel-sg2vo]

'I'm not educated enough' Here's lookin' at you, kid.

[@RishabhSharma10225]

This is the first time I saw Richard Dawkins in a proper debate/ discussion where people let each other finish their sentences. Those religious apologetics never let Richard finish a single sentence lol.

[@flux9433]

they get to emotional religion is about emotion not logic

[@newonevery740]

You are delusional

[@bible1st]

Christianty is actually a relationship not a religion. Dorkins got owned by a few theist.

[@unknowntexan4570]

How did genes cause J. R. R. Tolkien to put the Hobbit onto paper?

[@baraskparas9559]

Both are correct. Genes use substrates and chemical reactions in their environment to replicate while their expression is subject to the many chemical products and energy currency that feed back upon it to control its expression. In fact the debate itself is incorrect in that the partnership between genes and their environmental substrates-products is to be messed with at the peril of Life itself.

[@frederickmagill9454]

Wonderful ego trips for the speakers. After all the talk, they prove nothing.

[@kemicalhazard8770]

Imagine if all debates were this calm, collected and concise. Amazing

[@Michael-mh2tw]

Most are, you just watch the ones that aren't.

[@kemicalhazard8770]

@@Michael-mh2tw It sure feels like nowadays it is harder to find ones like this

[@bobs182]

When religion or politics are part of the discussion reason, logic, and facts get sidestepped by instinctual feelings.

[@kemicalhazard8770]

Fully agree, I find for some reason even myself in those types of conversations that it is easier to become uncomfortable or emotional, very odd @@bobs182

[@richbrake9910]

Nothing to lose here though.

[@jaykoblz1]

They are both "right", because they aren't arguing truth. They are arguing perspective. From the physiological standpoint genotype is what codes for and therefore causes phenotype. However, phenotype is what selective pressure acts on, which shapes allele frequency of the population, which narrows the window through which the genotypes of individuals may be drawn. That means from an evolutionary standpoint phenotype is what indirectly affects ("causes") genotype. Unless I just missed the point, which I may have, I only watched these 5 minutes.

[@declup]

It seems to me, based on this clip of the conversation, that Dawkins and Noble have two different, and almost unrelated, points of focus. Dawkins: the gene is the fundamental unit of hereditary transmission and of population-level attributes. (Incidentally, this emphasis seems to neglect the relevance of epigenetic factors.) Noble: the gene is not generally what most directly determines an organism's functions and structures; rather, it's complex networks of genes and other related systems that establish an organism.

[@2fast2block]

And what is your conclusion?

[@edgarrenenartatez1932]

With the information available today, an organism definitely needs to be understood according to the 'complex systems' approach. Thus, I'm with Noble.

[@davidbanner6230]

@ergonomover I stood in front of the skull of Sue, the T-Rex at Chicago's Field museum. It was a walk-in, Sue could engulf a standing adult human in one jaw-stroke, she had 50 10-inch teeth and jaw crushing-power of 2000 ppsi. Good thing humans and T-Rex's never shared the planet. Reply @davidbanner6230 Do you think it possible that their demise had purpose? How many millions of years did it take to evolve such creatures? Is nature so wasteful? And if so, is our annihilation just as tenuous, at the whim of a madman? Then life has no purpose, and evolution has no purpose, reason, or destiny? Then this would mean that Atheists are right, there is no God, and the Universe/existence has no purpose? Seems to me a mighty waste of time.....which also has no purpose?

[@MrCmon113]

@@edgarrenenartatez1932 That tells you nothing about what lead to current organisms and how they will change in the future.

[@qigong1001]

This was completely useless as they’re debating two separate things.

[@mikeford1273]

It's so refreshing to hear two brilliant men who disagree so much still able to have a civil argument..

[@Michael-mh2tw]

Most arguments are civil today. Stop watching bullshit, maybe you'll start to find 'civil' debates instead.

[@mikeford1273]

@Michael-mh2tw obviously not with you though.

[@BlimeyMCOC]

⁠​⁠@@Michael-mh2twlmao my dude you are still hyped up on whatever you have been watching recently because that was not civil

[@markcredit6086]

My god dawkins is such a simpleton. It really hurt trying to make sense of any of his babble

[@steveosborne1007]

This should be free to view by all in totality!

[@richardevans560]

Again Dawkins comes out with the half truth - The gene frequency in the population does not affect the gene frequency in the individual (obviously). Whatever he thinks as an evolutionist is irrelevent, population is made up of individuals. The genes that will be here in 10,000 years time matters not one jot if, as claimed, single genes control whether an individual lives or dies. I suspect we will find DNA is only one component of how inheritence works.

[@MKD371]

You can do this experiment over the course of a day, week or month, Dawkins is talking about billions of years of evolution, which makes perfect sense.

[@zzzzzz69]

Scientists have rivalry? Don't they all try to figure out the same thing?

[@hoWa3920]

"..figure out the same thing?" That's pretty much the essence of rivalry.

[@zzzzzz69]

@@hoWa3920 only if the point is to take credit for the discovery, rather than simply making the discovery

[@harpothehealer]

Wow, never knew Wrangler and Levi had that much rivalry.😀

[@brothermine2292]

Noble's interpretation of his experiment that deleted a gene responsible for 80% of the heart's rhythm seems uncompelling. He merely showed there's some redundancy in some important physiological systems. He should have deleted ALL of the (small number of) genes responsible for heart rhythm. That would have led to a much clearer conclusion.

[@Oscarman746]

Not quite. If your claim is that genes are causal, not that networks of genes are circularly causal in the environment of the organism, then that claim is simply wrong. Dawkins is wrong here.

[@brothermine2292]

@@Oscarman746 : I don't know what you're going on about, nor why you believe I made a claim I didn't make. The only claim I made is that Noble didn't prove anything by deleting a gene responsible for only 80% of a rhythm. Here's an analogy: If both parents are pushing a child on a playground swing, and one of the parents drops out, the swinging continues because the remaining parent is sufficient, even if the remaining parent is a weakling.

[@Oscarman746]

@@brothermine2292 Noble's interpretation is the same as your parental swing analogy. Multiple circular causes in a dynamic and complex system rather than simple gene level causality. In contesting Noble's claim I suggest you are (indirectly) supporting Dawkins' gene theory here (I.e. Dawkins says that your metaphorical parent gene causes the swinging of infants). If you call the removal of one gene "redundancy" you are saying redundancy in a system of non-selfish but social genes.

[@brothermine2292]

@@Oscarman746 : I don't think that's what Noble was saying when he described the experiment. My impression is that he was denying the importance of genes, including combinations of genes.

[@Oscarman746]

@@brothermine2292 yes, that's the point I was getting at, you don't seem to see what Noble's is saying. He specifically says that organisms override individual gene causality due to networks within the organism, like one parent in the swing or a network of genes substiting for another to maintain bodily/rotational homeostasis. This is what I said, what Noble's said, and is clearly a good fit for your parent swing analogy. Consider breaking it down conceptually and I think you'll see that Noble's has very good grounds for his network model for carcadian rhythms.

[@Erlkis]

Richard Dawkins is truly amazing. He's correct on every level; every time. :)

[@justin-lb5uv]

lol good one

[@krisfinchart2955]

Evidence and fact based! He’s so great to listen to.

[@somesumm2501]

Hmmm. Dawkins says that you can test the cause of something by manipulating it and seeing the effect - which Noble gives an examples of actually doing: evidently, Noble and his colleague knocked out a gene that has been established as responsible for producing the much of the signal for heart beat rhythm. However, Noble et al. did not see the anticipated effect of significant impact to heart beat rhythm, leading him to conclude that there are compensatory mechanisms at play - organisms "know" how to compensate, so it isn't the specific gene that is ultimately responsible, but something more complex, like a network of genes or something. He also makes a key point: in GWAS studies, he believes that actual association levels are quite low (I think that is a fair assertion). In this clip, Dawkins doesn't really respond to Noble's points at all, and diverts to allele frequencies and epigenetics - the later of which is not what Noble seems to be talking about at all, since he is talking about knocking out genes, which is genetics, not epigenetics. The former, change in allele frequencies, is predicated on the basis of genes being the cause, which Noble had just contradicted, and was what Dawkins would need to address score a point in the debate. I only watched this clip, so I don't know if he did or not.

[@Fuliginosus]

Dawkins always gives the impression of rage simmering just below the surface.

[@skog13]

Lol

[@billbaggins1688]

What garbage.

[@jmp01a24]

He is an egomaniac. Clear as day.

[@andrew1717xx]

He is moral

[@rhydyard]

He is angry at the God he doesn't believe in..

[@praveenmallar]

Mendel and darwin didn't know the mechanism of inheritance. The evolution works not because DNA is the molecule of inheritance, but because, the information is inherited by 'some' mechanism. What ever that mechanism is, the basic blocks of that mechanism acts as a gene, and the blocks which build a cell with better adaptations to the current enviornment survive, and the frequencies of the blocks change in successive generations, which is, evolution. Selfish gene simply states the things that are selected, are these blocks, may be labelled as genes, and not the whole organisms. Genes may aid own survival by aiding the other cells (or organisms) carrying the same gene.

[@stardust_memories2260]

They are both master debaters when it comes to evolution and genes and all that science stuff.

[@mdaniels6311]

Reading The Selfish Gener was like a bomb going off in my head. I realised how life evolved, and how life started. I could never understand how life could just appear, but his chapter Selfish Replicators changed everything for me. I now teach science, and it was likely due to that one chapter.

[@2fast2block]

Do tell how life could start on its own. First off, Richard believes "literally nothing" created the universe. His words. Can you tell how we even got the universe? Do you know basic science before you teach science? The 1LofT states that energy can't be created or destroyed, it can't happen naturally. One aspect of the 2LofT shows that the universe is winding down, usable energy is becoming less usable. It is clear creation had to be done supernaturally yet it is still denied because people are just too proud to accept that, among other things.

[@mdaniels6311]

@@2fast2block What has the universe beginning got to do with how life started?

[@2fast2block]

@@mdaniels6311 first you need a universe that has ingredients. There is a sequence to things. Saying it just all came from "literally nothing" shows how flippant a person is with all that follows.

[@mdaniels6311]

@@2fast2block I agree. For life to start, there needs to be a lot of matter in the universe. But it's there.

[@hocuspocus6681]

Read the book 'Darwin's Doubt' - it's much better than the Selfish Gene and gives you more insight into evolution.

[@charlesdarwin5185]

The DNA is always active and undergoes change throughout life. It goal is survival and transmission across time. Laws of Evolution are 1. Selection: survival vs altruism 2. Variation: xenophobia vs. Assimilation 3. Transmission vs retention. Dawkins is right

[@SamuelJFord]

Noble is correct, Dawkins often disregards the 'wholeness' of organisms because of his selfish-gene view (which of course has its value). I think it is important to realise that the question 'What is the unit of selection?' in biology is not a question that nature asks herself, 'all levels at once' might be the most appropriate answer, and it's the one George Price gave (in mathematical terms) - a scientist to whom Dawkins owes a great deal. And yes usually when you knock out a gene *for* something, that codes for an enzyme in a biosynthesis pathway for example, there is little effect on the end products of the biosynthesis pathway - until you knock out a few other genes which have been upregulated to compensate for the loss. There is a kind of basic 'intelligence' even at the genetic level which Dawkins also disregards in his view of life.

[@MyMy-tv7fd]

well said thaat man

[@dujestancic7758]

top down causation

[@alfacentauri3617]

BS

[@jacoblea825]

What codes for the proteins and RNAs that cause the up-regulation? What is actually preserved through time if not the gene?

[@y37chung]

@@jacoblea825 The cell with its full suite of molecules and machineries inherited from the parent cell. You can't say it is some genes that attract or recruit all those trillions of crazy intricate molecular machineries, that's why it is wrong to say evolution just selects "genes".

[@ericchionh9766]

What "bell-tolls & cock-crows" hypothesis can't show is that everytime the bell-tolls, the farmer disturbs the cockerel by slamming the doors of the barn shut to shut off the noise from the bell, thereby agitating the fowl. Dawkins then wrongly concludes that the cock crowed because the bell tolled. It's called confounding factors. Correlation doesn't necessarily mean causation.

[@edgarrenenartatez1932]

I'm with Noble here. I think Dawkins' interpretation is quite restrictive and thus limited, while Noble's recognizes that there is greater complexity than Dawkins' hypothesis. With more information today concerning the extremely complex nature of an organism (and its parts!), 'complex systems' thinking and interpretation is necessary for a better understanding than merely a 'localized' one that Dawkins favors. There's not only a bottom-up dynamic but top-down (even left-right, right-left!). The whole system is dynamically integrated and affect and influence the different parts and components back and forth.

[@real_pattern]

dawkins already acknowledges the solid empirical evidence that denis is referring to. i can only guess that this 'clash' was somewhat scripted to look like they have serious disagreements, but they don't, really. i wholeheartedly recommend both of denis' books and the 2020 cambridge elements by eva jablonka and marion j. lamb 'inheritance systems and the extended synthesis' and the research website 'the third way of evolution'.

[@davidbanner6230]

@ergonomover I stood in front of the skull of Sue, the T-Rex at Chicago's Field museum. It was a walk-in, Sue could engulf a standing adult human in one jaw-stroke, she had 50 10-inch teeth and jaw crushing-power of 2000 ppsi. Good thing humans and T-Rex's never shared the planet. Reply @davidbanner6230 Do you think it possible that their demise had purpose? How many millions of years did it take to evolve such creatures? Is nature so wasteful? And if so, is our annihilation just as tenuous, at the whim of a madman? Then life has no purpose, and evolution has no purpose, reason, or destiny? Then this would mean that Atheists are right, there is no God, and the Universe/existence has no purpose? Seems to me a mighty waste of time.....which also has no purpose?

[@ThatisnotHair]

And what are the testable predictions from your hypothesis. Yeah nothing. It's just your imagination

[@real_pattern]

@@ThatisnotHair it's an already empirically substantiated hypothesis. you can start with reading the books in my previous comment + read the papers listed on denis' & the third way of evolution website.

[@edgarrenenartatez1932]

@@ThatisnotHair Um, the entire life's work of Dr. Noble is about the analysis reapraisal of the empirical data that goes deeper and broader than that of Dawkins?

[@Vulpes_Inculta]

They're talking about two different things...or rather same thing but on two different fields of study. This is really not a debate but rather a consensus.

[@monkerud2108]

we can say organisms evolve through the change in the genome and its not a simple one way train so to speak, but it is necessary to have a certain range of genome to be able to have the cell change or error correct at all, and there needs to be these effects for the genome to be copied so accurately or for there to be redundancy that can make say a disease dormant in most people and so on and so forth.

[@seanmadison6360]

This happens from time to time. Someone comes along to try and challenge the top dogs with conjecture, theory and subjective ideas. Usually to sell books and get attention. They always produce a bunch of hype because humans love getting riled up. Then their challenges and new ideas eventually fall to the wayside because there's a reason people like Dawkins stand the test of time. They've done the research and know their science.

[@ishyandmikkischannel8811]

If you have ever read both Noble and Dawkins, then you will wait impatiently for any write-up from Noble. You will never open a page of Dawkins again. History will see Dawkins as a trivial linear minded extrapolator of simple ideas. History will cherish each point raised by Noble and the ideas and approaches he brings. Fast forward 100 years and the points that Noble makes will be the central issues in research. Dawkins will have been forgotten.

[@holliswilliams8426]

you're right but probably 99% of researchers will be forgotten in 100 years time

[@Daniel-sg2vo]

Never heard of him.

[@tomashultgren4117]

Surely the mechanisms behind evolution are a LOT more complex than Dawkins would have us believe. It has been shown with pure mathematical calculations that random mutations in DNA alone cannot produce new species by gradually improving the fenotype. The time scale for such a process would be staggering, not least because the majority of spontaneous mutations degrade the fenotype rather than improving it, and the number of coordinated changes (each of which would have to positive in its own right) simply makes such a process unfeasible. Dawkins is stuck in his dogma of the "selfish gene" and "blind watchmaker", and unfortunately it appears that this view is still blocking progress in the field of evolutionary science.

[@BAFREMAUXSOORMALLY]

Another of Dawkins' delusions: his doctoral examiner Denis Noble's book "Dance to the Tune of Life is an excellent, a wonderful book except that IT IS WRONG"???

[@matthewpocock4824]

I can't wait to hear Professor Dawkins address here in Brisbane. He is a hero of mine.

[@rexxx777]

How is he a hero? He basically tells you you're a lump of flesh with no purpose or meaning.

[@matthewpocock4824]

@rex777 you could not be more wrong.

[@rexxx777]

@@matthewpocock4824 oh he did find God. Excellent and about time.

[@Suzume-Shimmer]

​@@rexxx777 "Did he find god" Why, is god lost AGAIN? What a bumbler he continues to be .

[@SagaciousFrank]

​@@rexxx777 , and also supports non-scientific dictatorial lockdowns and mask wearing.