"Rule Britannia": the Real History Behind the Song

[@houseofgoodandevil]

I will certainly bring this up at the pub when I’m five pints in. Great research and presentation as always.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Please do! Have a drink on me 😀

[@jryecart8017]

a pint of Whallup & some RED HOT ALBATROSS

[@JoeRitchie-e5l]

That was another great lesson of British history. It is so interesting to look into the background history of national songs.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you enjoyed it.

[@harryshriver6223]

Chris, a very interesting story about the song Rule Britannia. Wow, I had no idea about all the twists and turns in British politics, which accompanying the song. Muy bien, amigo y gracias para su amistad .

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you Harry

[@janlindtner305]

Excellent lecture and nice to hear from you again👍👍👍

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you enjoyed it. Hope you are well?

[@janlindtner305]

@@TheHistoryChap Thanks mate❤👍🤟

[@kaoskronostyche9939]

I find it interesting that Historians can come up with great answers to burning questions I did not know I had. Thnak you. Also thank you. Great story as usual. Cheers!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching glad you enjoyed my video

[@georgeamery]

As an 80 year old Englishman of course I knew all about this at my Mothers knee in the early 1950s. Of course we would never touch the tune good as it is if it said "rules" That is boastful which we never were. Anyway if anyone bothers to read the words it says " when at Gods command Britain rose from the seas her guardian Angel spoke these words. Britannia rule the waves" See no s. Its a matter of reading things.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for commenting.

[@HarryWHill-GA]

Bravo Zulu (Well Done) Chris. More on the Royal Navy please. They are the mother service from which the US Navy was modeled at its start.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Ok, watch out for future episodes!

[@lachlanchester8142]

Could’ve just said well done

[@HarryWHill-GA]

@@lachlanchester8142 I did. I translated for those who don't speak Navy as a courtesy.

[@pauloneil8531]

@@lachlanchester8142 Harry was replying in Navy jargon to a post about the "Andrew" Bravo Zulu to Harry.

[@johngalt2506]

Love these videos!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you enjoy them, thanks for watching my videos.

[@rangerista3933]

Thanks for this Chris, I'm sure many (but not yours truly!) have indeed been unaware of the true meaning of the famous lyrics. Since you've set sail on a musical and nautical theme, perhaps you can do a follow up on that other rousing patriotic anthem Heart of Oak, and tell the story of that "Wonderful Year", 1759?

[@TheHistoryChap]

Great idea. Written to commemorate the victory at the battle of Quiberon.

[@davidwoods7720]

Thanks so much Chris. Not sure why I have always sang "rule" as opposed to "rules" . Could be from my Royal Navy days or from very strict grandparents.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching and for taking the time to comment.

[@davidberlanny3308]

Hi Chris, excellent story expertly narrated. I remember mentioning this one in one of your live chats. The details of the story I knew nothing of, especially Quiberon Bay, one for the future perhaps? All the best!!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Hi David. Yes, Quiberon Bay is on the cards.

[@pes9792]

The true history of Rule Britainian should be taught in UK schools!!!🇺🇸♥️🇬🇧

[@martinroberts1110]

d

[@martinroberts1110]

Woke brigade wouldn't allow it

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for commenting.

[@rayperkins8560]

People may be interested to know of Frances Stuart’s other claim to fame. She once owned what is now the World’s oldest stuffed parrot. The parrot is on display in the Westminster Abbey museum, next to a wax effigy of the Dutches of Richmond. Source: the Guinness Book of World Records.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Best piece of insignificant history I have read today. Thanks for sharing 😊

[@richardbroadwell7990]

Hey Chris ... Richard Broadwell, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA, back to you with CUDOs to you for a beautifully done, well-reserached video. Yes, all your contributions are well done, but this one I found exceptional, perhaps because I have RULE BRITANNIA as my iphone ringtone! I quickly surmised shortly after your video started it was leading into The War of Jenkins' Ear. Indeed, nicely done, comprehensive. FYI for you and interested viewers, attention is directed to Robert Gaudi's 2021 book "THE WAR OF JENKINS' EAR, The Struggle for North and South America, 1739-1742." Bob Gaudi's book is beautifully written (reads like a novel), comprehensive, very well-researched. In a previous correspondence to you, I referenced another of Bob Gaudi's books relating to your video topic covering Britain's Great War, 1914-1918, in East Africa against German General Paul Von Lettow-Vorbeck; this Gaudi contribution (AFRICAN KAISER, published 2017) is exceptional, the best I have read on the subject. Know you will keep up the good work in your future videos. Do stay young, remain vertical, look both ways and ... "mind the Gap!" Cheers, R

[@TheHistoryChap]

Richard, thanks for your support.

[@bonaggy]

Dear Chris, thanks for this. In my life, I have heard so much rubbish spouted about our national anthem. It is nice to have a clear, factual video that will help to correct such mistakes. I have often found most people forget that Britain was foremost a mercantile empire and went to sea in search of new trade goods and markets in which to sell them. As you mention things that were created at one point, usually change meaning over time. We all regard the Magna Carta as the source of our belief in the rule of law; yet it was initially only created to protect the barons. Later on, these rights were transferred to the populace. Now, none of it is actual applicable law, if I remember correctly. Almost all of our laws are now codified in modern statutes and have been upgraded, changed, or abandoned. Yet, the Magna Carta remains to us the symbol of law in Britain. Even the rebellious colonists in the Americas so well regarded it as a symbol of their rights that it influenced their Declaration of Independence. When Britain decided to end slavery on the global scale, the context and meaning of Rule Britannia probably changed to match the national zeal to which the country now found itself immersed. The original meaning shifted from a cry for help to a celebration of our navy and the deeds done by such groups as the West Africa Squadron. Hundreds of years have passed and again the song has a different meaning to some as these former experiences have been forgotten. To many, it now stands as as symbol of our colonial past and is often seen as something to be ashamed of, just like our flag. Activists refuse to understand that every country has history both to be proud of and be ashamed. Nations are guided by people and people are human and are fallible. What we should be doing is looking to the past for guidance and working towards a future that ensures we have learned from those errors. The Royal Navy has for the longest time, been our senior service. Our “wooden walls” keeping enemies from landing and protecting our trade lanes. The use of the New Model Army against King Charles is why we don’t have a Royal Army; succeeding monarchs have viewed the standing army with both contempt and mistrust, refusing to endorse them with the Royal moniker. So much time has passed now, we would no doubt be confused as a populace if the “British Army” were changed to the “Royal Army”. Your videos are very informative and always a delight to watch. Apologies for length. Any errors are purely mine. Keep up the great work.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you for taking the time to post such a thorough comment. I agree with your thoughts about all countries having good and bad history. Both bits need to be told. Glad you are enjoying my work too. Thanks for your support.

[@laurencewesson4236]

I wish you had said more about Thomas Augustine Arne, his Masque of Alfred, and how he composed such an immortal tune.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Maybe for another video?

[@mickofmorden]

Thank you Chris it was very interesting to learn the background to the song.

[@peterosborne9802]

How amazing that a single letter " S" can totally transform a statement to mean something completely different.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Isn't it indeed,

[@brendanhaley3668]

Great video, one of your best and a wonderful way to gain a better understanding of the song and misunderstood lyrics.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Many thanks.

[@ramseybarber8312]

Chris The next time I sing Rule Britannia I will sing it with more Gusto than before. Cheers

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you enjoyed it.

[@thenoworriesnomad]

Excellent as always...👍👍

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you so much 😀

[@hetrodoxlysonov-wh9oo]

I thought the call to 'Never To Be Slaves' was because of the Barbary Corsairs who'd been taking English slaves to North Africa for 300 years and were finally eliminated in 1750.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Not from any of my research

[@hetrodoxlysonov-wh9oo]

@@TheHistoryChap I've seen it linked to many articles this one is from History Extra. In 1713, after the War of the Spanish Succession, Britain took possession of Gibraltar and Port Mahon in Majorca. Such Mediterranean bases enabled the navy not only to launch new attacks but also provide powerful protection for British merchant shipping. Eventually, the various Barbary States were compelled to sign nonaggression treaties, enforceable now thanks to a strong British naval presence. The Barbary corsairs were not entirely eliminated until the 19th century, but by the middle of the 18th century, when ‘Rule Britannia’ was thrilling British audiences, the threat they posed to Britain was all but over. Britons could at last really feel that they never again would be slaves.

[@alanchalkley4157]

Same, I stand corrected.

[@bobroberts6155]

This is a commonly held theory, or misconception depending on your point of view. When I Googled RB and Barbary pirates it was the top return. A plea for Britannia to rule the waves seems a very believable response to 300 years of slavers raiding coastal communities. There is no reason that lyrics cannot have more than one interpretation, if I was a villager on the south coast I know what mine would be, while protecting trade would be a preoccupation of the moneyed class.

[@anthonyclent6240]

Very relevant. But slaving went back to Roman days, let alone Hitler or Napolean. We will soon be slaves again if we are not careful.

[@Jaymark-gk4li]

Thank you for this 😊

[@TheHistoryChap]

You're welcome 😊

[@kennydalglish8072]

Why are the British the most creative nation on the planet? I could never pinpoint the reason, only to accept that as a fact. Rule Britannia indeed.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@mikenorton3294]

Very interesting again. Great story.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching.

[@shanemossmoss]

Another excellent video thank you

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you enjoyed it

[@BritishArmyRBLX_v5]

The song is still a banger, but this research is amazing. I love your content.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Very kind of you, thanks.

[@martinhogg5337]

Very informative and interesting!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@bronxer78]

From a plea to a boast in one letter. Nice! 🤓

[@TheHistoryChap]

Funny old world 😀

[@ryklatortuga4146]

...aaaah the "War of Jenkin's Ear"! (My brain putting it all together at about 6 minutes!) Ha ha you even put chapter name as that - I feel a bit silly now!

[@TheHistoryChap]

ha ha, I aim to please! -:)

[@zoegreen7097]

What an interesting story!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching.

[@christopping5876]

Another fantastic story, thank you, Chris. The mention of the importance of trade to Britian reminded me of an intriguing story of how Robert Fortune ' stole" the original tea plants from China and had them transported to India to initiate British dominance over both tea production and more control of the opium trade to China. "All the Tea in China" by Sarah Rose is a great book, and I'm sure you could do the story justice.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Very interesting. Thanks for sharing.

[@cilldublin07]

Brittania rules the waves, America waives the rules

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@jamesbeeching6138]

@TheHistoryChap great video Chris!!!🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧 I thought Rule Britannia had become popular as a rallying cry against the '45 Jacobite Rebellion??😊😊😊😊

[@janhefenbrock1460]

I think that was a version of the British National Anthem, in which the "rebellious scots" occured.

[@TheHistoryChap]

That was "God Save The King"

[@richardmarahall8943]

It seems that Cliveden has a rather interesting history in itself. I bet it could tell a few stories even into the 20th century

[@TheHistoryChap]

Maybe a future story?

[@christinae30]

Really interesting! I sing "rule" without "s", could be because I'm not Brittish, so I have probably watched it on tv with text to sing a long with. And I think "rule" is more energetic in this song, than if it was "rules". Rule! gives you a want to go out and be brave😄 ⛵️

[@Uncle_Neil]

Scottish Yank here. Very Nice.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you for watching.

[@Nastyswimmer]

And of course, Admiral Vernon - known as "Old Grog" by sailors because he wore a cloak made of grogram (a kind of coarse cloth) - introduced rum to the Navy rations as an alternative to European wine or brandy. The rest is history.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Here's my video about Black Tot Day, which you might enjoy: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l3-mZ6Nve9CBodE

[@JohnnieAshton]

Was the Duchess of Richmond in 1815, aware of Frances Stewart, being Brittania 100 years earlier when she she held her famous Ball, before The Battle of Waterloo?

[@maxreed2343]

WOOOOOOOOOOWWWWW, WHAT a story lesson you've given us, Chris old bean, again, WOOOOOOOOOWWWWW, MY GOD, the things I've now learned tonight, which again I NEVER EVER had ANY clue about WHATSOEVER: the FULL reasons behind our now SO traditional national song of Rule Britannia (trust the Victorians themselves to always make the changes carried on into this century, haha, cos THEY were also the ones who invented the myth of the Vikings wearing horned helmets, whereas in fact they never did so, THAT I have a Viking focused episode from Rory McGrath's Discovery Channel broadcast Bloody Britain history series to thank for), including just HOW and WHY we came to possess the mighty Royal Navy by the time of the American Revolutionary War, with traditional politics, slavery and trade being big parts to play in it all; the state our now greatly equally as famous and effective modern day British Army was in following on from how Cromwell used it following the English Civil War; AND the history of our Britannia woman symbol herself... THIS was EVERYTHING I coulda needed to wrap what's been a successful afternoon for me, and to break away from enjoying yet another personal traditional repeating of the main theme tune of the old kid's show LazyTown briefly to do so, LOL LOL. Seriously, just HOW do you CONSTANTLY keep up this SHEER AMAZINGNESS with your channel, Chris me old mucker, it is now two years exactly since your Dad's Army video on old Lance Corporal Jones brought me to you, so happy two year anniversary to that for sure, and EVERYTHING I've now been able to gain and learn so much from you that I was NEVER taught about in school whatsoever... YOU, Chris Green, The History Chap, really are THE History Chap EVER when it comes to EVERYTHING we coulda needed concerning British military topics for a perfect KZbin channel NO ONE else could EVER give indeed. And now that we've had THIS one from you, PLEASE tell me the good news that it's FINALLY time to have the Battle of Sedgemoor, the last battle to be fought officially on English soil and the bloody climax of the Monmouth Rebellion, cos THAT is still a topic much awaited and wanted from ya, dear old bean. And btw, another two of your older videos I've seen over the last month have been about the Yangtze Incident (the film of which I'm now TOTALLY gonna get seeing thanks to the incredible real facts your video gives about the REAL events behind it) and the REAL Bridge on the River Kwai, the REAL facts about which, ESPECIALLY concerning the British officer POW star in both fictional and real world, I won't hesitate to say have definitely put me off the movie itself thanks to the fact that the real POW men protested about how the film depicted their leader, so yeah, the movie NEVER watching, I'll stick to what YOU have said about the REAL Bridge on the River Kwai there, dear old Chris

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching, glad you enjoyed my video

[@StMiBll]

I have never heard the “s”. I am American but I have heard this song many times both in film and in person during my years of travels and have always heard “Rule, Britannia! Britannia, rule the waves;” I had no idea people were singing “…rules the waves;”. Seems I have been hearing wrong though I am glad to see it all works out historically. 🤣

[@TheHistoryChap]

Glad you've been singing it correctly!

[@earnestwanderer2471]

An eye for an eye and a war for an ear?

[@TheHistoryChap]

Oh very droll -:)

[@Desert-Father]

Post War Britons should probably add a "d" at the end of "rule" now.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for commenting.

[@reynardthefox]

Cheers to the Lady and the Lion 🇬🇧

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you for your support.

[@marvwatkins7029]

And later perhaps the Portobello Mushroom?🤔

[@TheHistoryChap]

Hmmm....

[@marvwatkins7029]

I say: Rule the waves or rue the day! 🇬🇧

[@TheHistoryChap]

Interesting comment.

[@georgebailey98]

One of the schoolboy howlers in the BBC's favoured "historian" David Olusoga's book Black and British is "Our alternative national anthem, ‘Land of Hope and Glory’, with its declaration that ‘Britons never shall be slaves’..."

[@TheHistoryChap]

Goes to prove that everyone makes mistakes.

[@derekwalker6727]

This song should be sung in schools every morning. This is from a Scotsman living in Australia

[@lesliehart]

Britons sons beyond the seas

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for taking the time to share your thoughts.

[@anthonyclent6240]

The moral is still relevant. We ought to have a large navy to protect ourselves. No one else is going to.

[@marvwatkins7029]

IFO always believe in a strong defense with all branches of service.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for sharing your thoughts.

[@HootOwl513]

Adm Vernon [7:02]

[@TheHistoryChap]

What about him?

[@HootOwl513]

@@TheHistoryChap ...He wore a cloak of grogham cloth, and introduced a water-reduced rum ration [and possibly infused with citrus juice] and was subsequently dubbed ''Old Grog'' by his sailors. The Rum Ration came to be called *GROG*. [Sorry, I meant to come back and edit, but you found my incomplete comment before I could.]

[@Badgersj]

This detailed historical background to the song is fascinating, but I think it does miss out on the Arab slavers aspect. These slave raiders plagued the northern European coastline, particularly Britain and Ireland between the 16th and 18th centuries. They even captured and used Lundy Island just off Cornwall and used it as a base. There is a story of a raid which ended in Cornish women being driven up the ramp into the slave ship. One is supposed to have turned and said "We will never be slaves." Whether that's true or not is impossible now to determine but that and other stories (Thomas Pellow for one) were certainly well known and had a strong cultural resonance. The composition of "Rule Britannia" described here may have had no basis in those particular experiences but those experiences would certainly led to have the popularity of the song in coastal, Royal Navy areas which had suffered from the raids. The song "You'll never walk alone" had absolutely nothing to do with football after all, but it became hugely popular after its adoption by Liverpool as their team song and after the Bradford City stadium fire, and that's what it means for most people in this country.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video & for your interesting & informative feedback.

[@Badgersj]

@@TheHistoryChap Which is expert speak for "Heard that one before"!

[@jonmcgee6987]

The Britisher uses a version of the song as the opening for his Week that was videos.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Really? I didn't know that.

[@johnedreslin]

I will never sing it the wrong way again!

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@heitorfontenele2041]

Que vídeo legal o canal italiano que acompanha também faz vídeo sobre a cultura da Itália Você me lembrou dele você procede seguindo bom caminho

[@DaveAinsworth-y8h]

The British was last mayor country to slavey from Africa to America, both Spain and Portugal made slavery to Africa to America then the Dutch, It was the first mayor country stop the trade of slavery from Africa to America was British.

[@benwilson6145]

What is a mayor country?

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for sharing.

[@DaveAinsworth-y8h]

The Buccaneers was originally smugglets not pirates/privateers in the 17th century on the carribean.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Interesting observation. Thanks for taking the time to share.

[@edmundprice5276]

Another aspect is that 100 years before, English men women and children were being carted off into slavery in algiers, the barbary pirates.

[@guidor.4161]

I always sing the right text, but then I am German...

[@TheHistoryChap]

Ha ha, thanks for sharing.

[@167curly]

"Rule Brittania" reached a high point in October, 1805 when Lord Nelson lead the Royal Navy's fleet to beat the pants off a combined French/Spanish fleet off Cape Trafalgar.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@aguadigger]

⭐️👍

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@lindsayheyes925]

Hmmm... time to cover 'John Bull' then?

[@Lassisvulgaris]

Now it's more like waving the rules......

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for commenting.

[@pauloneil8531]

I knew the generalities of the period but not the details. Interesting that Great Britain fought for "Free trade and sailors rights" long before that became a rallying cry in the US in 1811.

[@Pringlelover]

I used to think the lyrics were ‘ Old Britannia! ‘).

[@TheHistoryChap]

I hadn't thought of that, but I guess it could fool some people.

[@Pringlelover]

@@TheHistoryChap To be honest I didn’t pay close attention to the lyrics but I learned much later what the lyrics were. However, as you’ve now shown, those lyrics were still wrong! I’ve finally learned the actual lyrics after all these years so Thank You!

[@gumnut6922]

Whilst this song is seen as white nationalist supremacy, not that long ago a person refused to play this at the proms due to an african slavery connection that isn't actually there.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video & for your comment

[@AlisonBruce]

Vitamin C won't cure gout, but it helps treat it. Eswewing alcohol, candy, and red meat is prescribed. Limiting coffee is supposed to help, but a person has to keep some pleasures. Besides, my gout was caught fast, and there's drugs to address gout.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for your feedback.

[@regwirth3004]

And here I thought the words were "Britannia waves the rules".😗

[@TheHistoryChap]

Not sure rules are waived by everyone for everyone.

[@PtangPtangBiscuitBarrelSmith]

We stopped how many ships from landing how many invaders? Just like we do today . right?

[@TheHistoryChap]

Plenty of invasion fleets stopped in the past.

[@Gudha_Ismintis]

Make a video about the 'History' of the "History Chap" [ if applicable, also include if you won any VCs in WW1 or WW2, fought with Nelson at Trafalgar, slew savages at Rourkes Drift or rode with Edward at Bannockburn ]

[@TheHistoryChap]

Hmmm...where to start?...

[@benwilson6145]

Custom officials are still pirates

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for commenting.

[@herptek]

Sounds like an opinion of contraband dealer to me.

[@benwilson6145]

How about doing God Save the King

[@ramseybarber8312]

God Save The King is the only anthem world wide where we sing Allegiance to the King.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Great idea. Thanks for the suggestion.

[@benwilson6145]

@@ramseybarber8312 where they request saving him fro his own people

[@Zoot-HornRollo]

Britannia waives the rules.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Hmmm

[@tonysmith2721]

Britons will never put up with a foreign tyrannical government. In 2024 we elected our own.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@estebancastellino3284]

👍

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thank you.

[@imrahilneill5181]

Love your work, great video yet again....but today Britain is ruled by a tyrannical government

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching.

[@andrewarnison2103]

I thought it was ruhle Britannia

[@TheHistoryChap]

Did you?

[@countryman5329]

Britons are at last waking from 20 years of neo liberal mass immigration slumber. The hour is late but we can still take our country back. M E G A...make England great again. 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for sharing your thoughts.

[@roberthuitrado4273]

🇬🇧🇬🇧🇬🇧🔱🛡️👸🏼

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video

[@roberthuitrado4273]

@ I appreciate all the research and hard work you, and your team if you have one, put into every video. Even though I’m in the USA, I’m definitely an Ango-file. My mother can trace her heritage back to England and Scotland. 🇬🇧🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿🇺🇸

[@ric6383]

Was there not an element of north African pirates in play here???

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching my video & your comment.

[@spongebakesquarepansgaming]

your research is fine but you shouldn't just say that Britain had slaves every european power had slaves too

[@TheHistoryChap]

Yes, but in fairness only the Portugese shipped more than Britain. France & Dutch way behind and the USA, Danes & Spanish even further back. And in the context of this video, they weren't singing that they would never be slaves were they?

[@marvwatkins7029]

In fact the British Army today is too small to defend the UK, according to the U.S. Army, of all people And now the Yanks must deal with their OWN despot.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for sharing those two thoughts.

[@Steve-lt9xl]

As a yank I would rather have this new regime than the blithering idiot the previous 4 years and socialist rewrites.

[@JackDorsey-t8q]

I knew this, but it's good to see me vindicated

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for watching and also for commenting.

[@LaHayeSaint]

Chris -- "Rule Britannia" is a very jingoistic and important historical British song for Britons. Whilst an excellent choice, say at the Proms, it might be considered rude in the presence of international guests, eg, a visiting foreign regiment. No one will criticise a nation for playing their own National Anthem, but when you sing that Britain will rule others, the notion is outdated and may appear ignominious.

[@TheHistoryChap]

Thanks for sharing your thoughts.

[@LaHayeSaint]

@@TheHistoryChap 💘💘💘💘