Russian Cases: Genitive Plural of Adjectives & Modifiers

[@LidyaMorozova]

OMG thank you so much for making these videos, nothing else is making these things click in my head. Lol. You're awesome

[@russiangrammar]

You're very welcome! :)

[@tylerkirk6521]

These are consistently amazing. Thank you.

[@bogdanbora5166]

thank you so much!

[@melosoyogui]

Hey, thank you very much for the videos, they have helped me a lot. I'd like to ask you, how would it be the plural form of the adjectives in accusative, dative, prepositive and instrumental. PD: Sorry if my english is bad.

[@russiangrammar]

Hi Ma Da, Plural dative: -ым/-им Мы звонили новым русским студентам. Plural accusative (animate, any gender: looks like genitive) Мы встретили новых русских студентов. Мы встретили новых русских студенток. Plural accusative (inanimate: looks like nominative) Мы купили новые русские учебники. Plural instrumental: -ыми/-ими Мы говорили с новыми русскими студентами. Plural prepositional: -ых/-их Мы думала о новых русских студентах. For all of these, choice of ы or и depends on whether the adjective has a hard stem (like новый) or a soft stem (like последний), or whether the last letter of the stem is involved in the 7-letter spelling rule (like хороший or русский).

[@melosoyogui]

Russian grammar Thank you very much!

[@jamesh625]

Is it possible to confuse the plural genitive with the plural prepositional? For example, новых could be either, right? I guess the noun after the adjective makes it clear though.

[@russiangrammar]

I think I once heard someone use a genitive plural noun after a prepositional plural adjective (which, as you point out, looks the same as the genitive), though it went by so fast I wasn't sure. But you're right that the noun makes the context clear, and I think that type of mistake among native speakers would be quite rare.

[@jamesh625]

@@russiangrammar Oh, so they can differ in stress? That's useful to know. I've noticed that sometimes noun declensions that look the same will have different stress patterns (e.g., сёстры vs. сестры́). I wonder how common this is as a way cases are distinguished.

[@jamesh625]

@@russiangrammar (BTW, there is a way to respond to individual comments such that the author is notified. On mobile, you can click the text of the comment directly, or on desktop or mobile by choosing "Reply" after clicking the little 3 vertical dots icon. The author's username will be prepended to your comment in the "@username" format. You can do this manually by typing "@" and waiting for automated suggestions to appear or entering the full username. 😁)

[@russiangrammar]

@James Hortle Yes, some nouns do have shifting stress for different cases, or in singular vs. plural, though it's not typically the only thing that distinguishes the case forms - endings usually change too, and there may be a е/ё contrast, as you've noticed.

[@russiangrammar]

@James Hortle Спасибо! :)

[@_SweetMango]

This one seems much easier than for the seven letter rule since the nominative adjectives already don't use ы if one of the 7 characters is used, so you just have to replace the й with х (except for the ones with o lile большой)

[@russiangrammar]

If it helps you remember that way that's fine, though I'm reluctant to "redraw" the line between stem and ending - since, as you point out, then you'd need to remember forms like больших, твоих as exceptions.

[@richardrodis4323]

Do you still pronounce the hard vowel sound after the 7 letter spelling rule even though it's spelled as a soft I? Or do you pronounce it as a soft I because of the spelling rule?

[@russiangrammar]

It's best to think of consonants (not vowels) as being hard or soft (unpalatalized or palatalized); and for vowels sounds involved here, we'll pronounce и after (soft) к, г, х - as in тихих, маленьких. Щ and ч are always soft, so we'll always pronounce и as и after them, as in рабочих. Ж and ш are always hard, so the following letter и sounds like ы, as in хороших (sounds as if it were spelled харошых!). As a rule, the sound и (as in cheese) never follows a hard consonant; the sound ы can only follow a hard consonant - even though the spelling doesn't always reflect that.

[@КириллСкопинцев-у1ъ]

Наверное, лучше было бы это назвать не "spelling rules", а "grammar rules". Мы в школе учим только то, что ЖИ и ШИ с буквой И, а ЧА и ЩА с буквой А, что действительно можно назвать правилами орфографии, т. к. по логике надо писать в первом случае Ы, а во втором Я, но по традиции пишется иначе. А тут просто правило, что после Г, К и Х не могут стоять Ы и Я, а это чистая грамматика, так как тут как пишется, так и произносится))) На мой взгляд, путаницы было бы меньше. Но везде, где я читал про русскую грамматику (для иностранцев, разумеется ахахаха), было написано про "7-letters spelling rule". Почему именно так это правило называется?

[@jasmineskinner9370]

Thank you! These are easy to understand.

[@sunving]

Thank you