Sarah Tishkoff (U. Pennsylvania) Part 1: African Genomics: Human Evolution

www.ibiology.o...
Dr. Tishkoff begins with an overview of the evolution of modern humans and their migration out of Africa. She explains how and why population geneticists study both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and how DNA comparisons have allowed scientists to determine when distinct hominid groups diverged and when and where these populations migrated across the globe.
In Part 2, Tishkoff moves to the study of genetic diversity in present day African and African America populations. Genetic variation is higher in Africans than in Europeans or Asians, a result of the evolutionary history of humans. Patterns of diversity at specific genetic loci provide insight into the migrations and mixing of specific linguistic groups within Africa, as well as information about the ancestry of African Americans.
In the final part of her talk, Tishkoff describes two examples of natural selection in humans. She and her colleagues identified 3 novel genetic variants associated with the ability of some African pastoralists to digest lactose. Using high coverage genome sequencing, Tishkoff also identified a candidate chromosomal region associated with short stature in Pygmies. Interestingly, this same region showed enrichment for genes involved in pituitary function such as metabolism and immunity. These results suggest that adaptation to local environments may result in region specific genetic adaptation.
Biography
Sarah Tishkoff studied anthropology and genetics as an undergraduate at the University of California, Berkeley. She received her PhD in genetics from Yale University and was a post-doctoral fellow at Pennsylvania State University. From 2000-2007, she was a faculty member in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland. Currently, Dr. Tishkoff is the David and Lyn Silfen University Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in the Departments of Genetics and Biology.
Tishkoff's lab studies genetic variation at the genome level in populations throughout the world, with an emphasis on Africa. She is interested in understanding how evolutionary forces have shaped and maintained genetic variation. Were genetic mutations now associated with common diseases such as diabetes or hypertension originally adaptive to historical environments? Could they have provided resistance to local infectious diseases or other benefits? Tishkoff also uses genetic data to study human evolution and human migration; both ancient and more recent migrations such as the slave trade.
Tishkoff's innovative research has been recognized with numerous awards including the NIH Director's Pioneer Award for scientists of exceptional creativity.

[@xenoidaltu601]

She is misleading people by saying Neanderthals were 6ft tall. The average was 5.5ft tall. Mistakes like those make me skeptical about how many more basic errors she had..🙄

[@blackjohnny9570]

Factz seems like a bunch of speculation and talking around the real Factz.

[@1purpose.153]

Why would she make it seem so random? The genetics started in Africa. Thru procreation the gene's would create a melanin deficient persons. This is known as types of Oculocutaneous albinism. Changes in the TYR gene is type 1, changes in the OCA2 gene type 2, TYRP1 type 3, and mutations in the SLC45A2 gene results in type 4. Everyone has the same melanin protein put this mutation stops the production of melanin. in some people melanin is completely suppressed. The genetic series of African people are the most diverse known to man. There's 9 dna series in African people and 6 in every other human being removed from African decent. So there's a lack of a protein and 3 DNA series that separates due to migration, and procreation. There's no confusion about civilization it began on the continent of Africa.

[@TmanRock9]

Because evolution is random. People with an evolutionary beneficial trait are not consider deficient. This would be like calling all modern humans fur deficient. Not it’s not consider Albanism nor is it the same gene variation associated with Albanism. This is false non African populations do not lack this protein some of the mutations have just made the protein shorter. They still produce melanin. Civilization began in west Asia, this is supported by several different facts. African civilizations came later and none predate west Asian civilizations.

[@MSILBB]

⁠@@TmanRock9 Persons that are pale in hue primarily produce pheomelanin, little to no Eumelanin is present. A lack of Eumelanin is albinism, sorry. This is something they don’t want to admit or tell you. Harming of the skin due to the sun, is not beneficial. The civilizations in Mesopotamia (3300BC) were by African migrants, that’s why it’s so close to Egyptian civilization dates (3100BC). Ancient European civilizations (particularly Greco-Roman) were also by African migrants, but later became more mixed and eventually what we have now, sorry but it’s the truth, artifacts attest to this. White helmed European civilizations (particularly Greco Roman again) didn’t happen until much later, I’d say around the Hellenistic period, but still a rather racially mixed society. Other European civilizations began in AD time, specifically Britain and other areas. Europe really has no ancient civilizations outside of maybe Greece and Italy and maybe Celts, but that civilization was also inhabited by Africans. There’s a difference between societies and civilizations. Europe does have ancient societies, but they weren’t White.

[@TmanRock9]

@@MSILBB no having less emulanen is not Albanism. The genetics are clear any this, sorry all you gotta do is read about it. . Absorbing more UV light to synthesize vitamin D is beneficial. No the civilization in Mesopotamia was formed by west asians this is confirmed by genetics, the reason Egypt formed so close is because these west Asian migrated to. Roth africa bringing farming and therefor civilization which later formed Egypt. If you are just referring to the out of Africa theory then sure, but calling the people who formed these civilization African migrants is the same as calling modern Englishmen African migrants. No Britain actually had existed thousands of years before 1 AD, this is confirmed by genetics and Artifacts. No these civilizations weren’t inhabited by Africans, again genetics disproves this. The out of Africa theory doesn’t state that Europeans were really Africans just 7,000 years ago. I understand the difference between societies and civilizations. Europe has ancient civilizations because Europe has had farming since 6000 bc at least.

[@kudjoeadkins-battle2502]

@@TmanRock9Nabta Playa predates Sumer. Not that that’s a big deal. In the west we tend to only see civilizations as those that had writings.

[@kudjoeadkins-battle2502]

@@MSILBBwhy do you think that European civilizations were started by Africans?

[@chrisnorman3472]

This presentation is great. Very informative and really well done! Thank you Dr. Tishkoff

[@gabrielwilson6484]

Great presentation! Love this stuff! As a future science educator I hope I can integrate this in my teaching. Thinking the one thumbs down came from David Duke.

[@RonJohn63]

+Gabriel Wilson David Duke? That a blast from the past...

[@GailBecker-MSED-CM-Author]

😃😄😆

[@vicachcoup]

Beautiful presentation. Very clear and informative. Thanks!

[@shadmanigat2232]

Creationist and social discrimination bring me here

[@starlaunderwood1599]

Ditto

[@katiekat4457]

I like listening to her lectures.

[@leopallanck1787]

Fantastic presentation! Thanks for putting this together-very much appreciated.

[@fannyb6554]

Thank you Dr. Tishkoff!

[@geemoon7244]

Brilliant presentation, Dr Tiskoff, thank you!! I look forward to more of your understandable lessons on Genomics!

[@AfroHairScience]

Outstanding presentation! Very engaging and detailed information.

[@gamalnassertv]

So this is Tiskoff et al.

[@lutherrussell1566]

Very informative and simplistic

[@hiyacynthia]

This is an awesome video, thank you.

[@MrPrimus004]

Great presentation, but at 13:00 the graphs allele frequency looks to be around 40% though you and the key say and show 50%. Definitely causes room for real scrutiny.

[@rominiyi1385]

Thanks

[@idiotburns]

innacurate based on random sample sample selection processes being random or significantly influenced by precise locations

[@idiotburns]

Does this address the viability of breeding between species, like Neanderthals of different regions already having spread around the globe and changing from environment and early humans adapting to regions creating deep diversity in humans?

[@idiotburns]

8:20 admixture

[@alfredkik3675]

Beautiful presentation!

[@ibiyemifabanwo9201]

Are you saying there was more than one eve?

[@bentom345]

We know so much more now

[@sudhakarreddy1453]

Excellent presentation, Madam 👍

[@born2love144]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/ol7LdWhsi7-BfZIsi=pgoL-k9ZnGlmhpfw

[@nobodyexceptme7794]

Good lecture

[@katiekat4457]

And yet this professor looks like the identical twin to my old boss, Lisa. Even talks the exact same way. She also talks with not a slight lisp but almost like her tongue is slightly big. I don’t mean anything bad. I just don’t know how to describe how she talk. There’s nothing wrong with how she talks. It’s just a little different. Anyways even my ex-boss talked like that. Same weight, same hair, same face, same speech. She even wrinkles her nose slightly when talking just like this woman does. It’s really weird. They say everyone has a twin and I found Lisa’s or Sarah’s. Whichever way you want to look at it.

[@bymanymeansmedia]

I GET IT NOW

[@pedrohakia1]

She is wrong on the differentiation of humans and chimpanze to be only 6.5 MYA.

[@aliaed6054]

Pretty convincing. Thanks for the thorough presentation. Can I invite you Sarah to have a look at some sights of graveyards from ancient times at Erigavo, Somalia, Horn of africa.This would be a true testiment of what you are talking about ? Pse come.

[@katiekat4457]

a aed you should contact her at her university. And when you do don’t sound as creepy as you do in your comment here.

[@BennyNegroFromQueens]

@@katiekat4457 lol

[@blackopal3138]

Homo Erectus Student: Check out the big brain on Neanderthalensis Rest of Students: Hahahaha

[@HugoRubalcava]

Good presentation. In your map you have well localized the Denisova Cave in Middle South Siberia, Altai Region. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denisova_Cave But in one Slide you put. Denisova, Georgia. And Georgia (Grusia) is in Caucaso and it has the anthropologic point of Dmanisi, Cave.

[@blackopal3138]

??? Twins 0 differences, human and chimp 1 in 100 differences, 2 unrelated humans 1 in 1000 differences - Doesn't that mean we are more closely related to a chimpanzee than we are to our neighbor?

[@Feeelipeeee]

twins 0 differences human and chimp 1 in a 100 or 1/100 = 1% difference 2 unrelated humans 1 i n a 1000 or 1/1000 = 0.1% difference the larger the number the lesser the difference.

[@insaneoh]

no real proof, only assumptions... what fools are made of

[@imaantichrist9466]

i have all the truth on my sweet sd card😊