CHARLES AL-HAYEK: Lebanon's History, Heritage & Roots | Sarde (after dinner) Podcast #29

[@sardeafterdinner]

Here are the timecodes for this Sarde! - Don’t forget to ♥️or 👍 & subscribe to our channel! 📺 00:00 - Charles Hayek, Man of History 02:11 - How do we approach history in Lebanon 03:14 - The Phoenicians and the identity crisis in Lebanon 08:44 - Breaking down the founding myths of Lebanon 11:24 - Was Fakhr Al Din an Emir? 14:22 - The history of the Ottoman rule in Lebanon (harsh taxation) 18:33 - The lies in Lebanon’s history 20:37 - Was there a historical conflict between Christians & Muslims in Lebanon 25:02 - The funny story about Fakhr Al Din and the roof tiles 27:45 - Colonialism & Orientalism 33:29 - Fraudulent Lebanese History Books and Maori fighters in Lebanon 38:01 - The forgotten famine of 1916 44:52 - The Crusaders myth about blonde hair and blue-eyed Lebanese 47:24 - The rejection of Arabism 52:12 - Israel’s hijack of cultures 54:00 - Assembling history through cuisine, and the history of Hummus, meghli and burghul 59:50 - The history of the Shiites in Lebanon 1:08:38 - The relationship between Shia in Lebanon and Iran (Jabal Amel) 1:11:15 - The Lebanese have a chance to build a common identity: what is common is more powerful than what separates us 1:17:52 - Lebanon has been in a constant state of war since 1911 1:19:54 - Zaitunay Bay was a brothel 1:20:56 - Lebanon’s horrible relationship with the sea 1:22:28 - The mainstream culture in Lebanon is a culture of exclusion 1:24:51 - The history of neighborhoods, places and streets’ names in Lebanon. 1:29:19 - The ugliness of Beirut is due to the ruling class’s carelessness 1:34:34 - 1920 Lebanon, the Lebanon we know has come to an end 1:37:52 - Is there hope? 1:40:00 -History will set you free

[@namimansour4925]

It's very interesting to watch and very intellectual subject.

[@sardeafterdinner]

@@tadmorfilmfreelebanesetort2962 no one is defending the Ottoman Empire. He is discussing the way they ruled. Save the outrage for something else.

[@avishalev11]

פודקסט מעניין.

[@mohamadamine7213]

What an incredible interview, thanks for inviting such an intelligent man.

[@bloodoranges2631]

@@sardeafterdinner what is the reply about?

[@ardhisyaifuddin4966]

As a non-Arab speaker, I appreciate the English subtitles. An interesting subject on an interesting region. My interest in Lebanese culture and people started after my visit to Beirut in the mid 2000's. This channel makes me love it even more.

[@Groove328]

@ardhisyaifuddin4966 Lebanon has a rich history, and glad you enjoyed learning about it. I hope your trip to Beirut was nothing short of memorable. Small note, we speak arabic,not arab 😉

[@husseinzaid2092]

أنا يمني مهتم بالتاريخ و لم يكن عندي أي خلفية عن التاريخ اللبناني. الحلقة هذه كانت بالنسبة لي مادة دسمه ممتعة تعلمت منها الكثير من أستاذ تاريخ متمكن و مبسط لأعقد الأفكار. المفارقة أن هناك كثير من التشابه بين الوضع الحالي في اليمن و لبنان ، هناك أصوات في اليمن تريد العودة الى هويات ساحقة مما قبل التاريخ . اليمن أيضا بلد متنوع طائفيا و عرقيا . هذا التشابه جعل الحلقة اكثر متعة لي . حلقة رائعة جدا لم اندم للحظة على مشاهدتها

[@galithabet9169]

حتى انا يمنيه ولا اراديا اسقطت كل الكلام هذا على تاريخنا !!

[@ismatchahine4494]

أنا سوري، و كل حلقة من هذا البودكاست يزداد احترمي بالشعب و الثقافة اللبنانية، يعطيكم العافية ❤️

[@MangoSlush7]

الشكر لكم. و نعتذر على أفعال السفهاء منا

[@anthonywanis4990]

I learned more watching this than my whole entire life in lebanese schooling system

[@homosapien.a6364]

I think all school systems in the Middle East are Khara😅

[@xtceeee1]

And this can be a foundation of a new Lebanon

[@guillaumeaccari]

I just finished episode 50 and started this Its ✨amazing✨

[@salimawad]

So true, I second that. One of the best podcast I've watched

[@hanazakaria1642]

ارجو الاطلاع على كتاب "المذلة المختارة او الطوعية" مؤلفه الفرنسي: ايتيان دو لا بويسي

[@samereid1429]

I'm starting to prefer this podcast more than Joe Rogans. Well Done Guys.

[@sardeafterdinner]

Mouin *whispers* : “thank you”

[@georgenammour6638]

1000%

[@samyehya]

Samee

[@mzein7243]

I 100% agree!

[@younesm98]

Joe Rogan is cringe

[@pancakeho0e]

Monthly sarde with charles or we report the channel

[@sardeafterdinner]

Alright alright jeeeez!!

[@eddymatta1393]

3anjad it's the most interesting history class I had and I'm 30

[@alirahal5854]

+11

[@mannan5490]

@@eddymatta1393 True and I am 65

[@fatimamoussa2868]

@@eddymatta1393 😂😂😂😂😂 seriously though

[@rawanedaou8803]

Best hour and 40 mins of my life. I'm an architecture student and should be having an all nighter in order to pass my year right now and here i am unconsciously stopping everything and focusing on every word that was said in this podcast. I wish you taught me history your students are truly lucky and i personally think that this video should be watched and rewatched by every single lebanese person alive. Thank you this is a gift..

[@maissa-mariageahchan9573]

He needs to rewrite the entire history curriculum for schools in Lebanon! teaching the truth will change Lebanon!

[@weamhamie1330]

True

[@hkayyal]

@@tadmorfilmfreelebanesetort2962 amazing how closed minded you are ( sorry to say that ) , but even when the truth (through strong documentation ) is out you still want to hang to the myth story that drives you …. The guy explained clearly the drivers of starvation and who contributed to that … but if you insist on being closed its no one’s fault that you wanna live in a lie

[@3bdallh12000]

برنامج تحفة لي اسبوع اتابع الحلقات من نديم قديش إلى باسم يوسف إلى الأستاذ تشارز عبر تاريخ لبنان الجميل اتمنى ان ينهض لبنان بأسرع وقت واشكر المذيع والمذيعة على إتاحة الفرصة إلى الضيوف وجعلهم يتحدثون بأريحية وحريه شكرا جزيلا ... تحياتي من السعودية

[@bd_ART]

حلقة عظيمة💙 ضيف عنده قدرة هائلة على السرد و محتوى ثري حقيقة ❤ تحياتي من الأردن❤🇯🇴

[@emilioirani3632]

This Guy is just Fantastic. He changed my view in many things. We want another episode. This man should be the minister of education.

[@AbbasAhmad-jw3lj]

Its so nice to see Lebanese modern historians that preserve the Lebanese history and showcase it in a good manner. It was entertaining yet informative. Bravo Sarde :D

[@gmgomspont]

Wow wow 👏 amazing episode. Send my love to all lebanese from palestine 🇵🇸

[@arzphoenicien4916]

We in Lebanon love Palestine too 👍

[@nic2529]

Charles Hayek once taught me history when i was in "terminale bac français" and i needed to revise history in order for me to do the "bac libanais". He taught me everything in 3 days and it was the first time in my life i loved studying history.

[@nic2529]

In college Saint Joseph antoura

[@nic2529]

@@tadmorfilmfreelebanesetort2962 NO.

[@AmroArida]

I’m not Lebanese, but I gravitate toward free thinkers. Charles is not only a great historian, but also an outstanding storyteller. Thank you all for this gift!

[@NizarFaour]

شكراً على الحلقة الرائعة. أتمنى أن تستضيفوا دائما هذا النوع من الضيوف المثقفين المتنورين.

[@Miz0o085]

السردة هاي ضحكتني و بكتني.. فرحتني و قهرتني.. زعلتني و ابسطتني.. علمتني و الهمتني.. ما احلى التاريخ لما ينسرد بموضوعيه و بالحقائق والادله بحلوه و بمره... لازم كمان سرده مع تشارلز حايك.... لازم... Good job guys... 👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏

[@alialhusseini2650]

I'm from Iraq but it have been a pleasure to listen this gentleman and learn about our beloved Lebanon's history! All love and respect to you guys

[@iyadkobeissi6755]

Worth every second spent watching it. This should reach to every Lebanese citizen. A dialect that needs to be taught in schools. Amazing Charles!

[@Emanmansourshoeeb]

guys I'm not Lebanese, I'm Egyptian but god I love سردة Ana basm3kom k2n لبنان وطني

[@sardeafterdinner]

We love you too man!

[@JB-tv1fx]

❤️❤️❤️❤️

[@yousefll3228]

هلا هلا بأهل مصر❤️❤️

[@ranafada9713]

@Lilia murah لا نتطور و نتثقف بالهتافات والشعرات. يجب تركها في المتاحف، شبعنا منها.

[@Ligreatest]

This guy's is next level! He should have a monthly episode!

[@arzphoenicien4916]

Check his insta account. Heritage_and_roots

[@ahmadnasser5978]

This podcast urged me to make my first ever KZbin comment. Amazing. Simply amazing. Thank you Charles and Sarde team for this rich episode. People like Charles are national treasures.

[@suleymanezelsoy9377]

ان أشكركم وضيفكم الحايك على هذا البرنامج. بصفتي مرشد سياحي تركي محترف يعمل مع السياح العرب وخاصة اللبنانيين منذ 20 عامًا في تركيا، فقد سئمت من التحدث ومناقشة مثل هذه القضايا. الحب والاحترام من ألمانيا لكم واللضيوفكم.

[@odin8720]

كم نحتاج امثالكم من اجل بناء لبنان المستقبل العلماني الحر

[@Emoxea]

Jordanian here, living in Poland. This has been a very appreciated watch. Thank you!

[@sarahswaid]

This is exactly the kinds of conversations I wanted to so desperately hear when I was living in Lebanon! So happy to have found this podcast, making me feel a little closer to home ♥️🇱🇧

[@hadmostafa]

ضيف رائع استاذ بكل معنى الكلمة بالتوفيق

[@raya3976]

حلقة فظيعة! يسلم تمّو لشارل الحايك و جد صار الوقت نفهم و نعلم بتاريخنا من مصادرنا و من عُلمائنا و من السياق تبعنا. حاجتنا نترجم كُتب استشراقية و راكضين ورا تاريخ و سرديّات ثقافية مسيّسة خبيثة. تحيات معلمة لُغة عربية سورية عراقية من أوسلو النرويج👏🏽

[@dodofabregas4]

Love from Egypt to all the Lebanese people. ♥️

[@Someone-id6gk]

C'est sans aucun doute l'un des meilleurs programmes sur KZbin... Le penseur Charles el Hayek Veuillez enseigner vos idées à tous. Merci pour vos efforts. Je vous embrasse profondément... Salutations, Haïfa, Palestine ❤❤❤❤

[@joekh8638]

Mr. Charles Hayek is the reason we started loving history.

[@Sultan-di3eq]

شكرا كثير للحايك. اشياء كثير كنت مغمض عنها و ابدا ما توقعت هذا الارث التاريخي الكبير عندنا مش مفصوح عنه. اطيب التحايا من السعودية

[@sarrahdevaulx50]

في ناس كتير في التعليقات ببقولوا إن المفروض الحلقة يسمعوها كل اللبنانية وعندهم حق طبعًا لإنه بيتكلم عن تاريخ محلي، بس في رأيي إن كل المنطقة المفروض تسمعها. هنلاقي كلنا نقط تماس مع التاريخ.. الخيبات والآمال والأساطير المكونة للقوميات "القاتلة". وفهم الجزء ممكن/ أكيد (؟؟) هيوصلنا لطريق علشان نفهم الكل. شكرًا ليكم على الساعة و ٤٠ دقيقة المفيديين والممتعين ! ❤️

[@marajasmen5088]

بحب حلقات شارل حايك وبضل عيدون ياريت سردة تستضيفو مرة رابعة 😊

[@mimoabs5163]

This podcast should be watched by all Lebanese people so we all know the truth! Please keep going every single detail is beneficial for us to reform this country!

[@ess8840]

I’m not Lebanese and this is my first time watching/listening to this podcast, but i must say, Mr. Charles Al-Hayek offered an insightful run-down of major historical events in Lebanon’s ancient and modern history that helped shape the country to what it is now, all while being totally amusing and entertaining. He should definitely start a youtube channel or a podcast of his own!

[@randysidawi7162]

He has an Instagram page called "Heritage and Roots" check it out

[@tamarainja2854]

can't get enough of this ! fantastic sarde !! i truly believe charles hayek should be part in the next Lebanese government.. Thank you more of this please

[@loubnamohammad4606]

Guys i'm Egyptian and i'm badly in love with what you are doing !!! 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@barhoom100]

What a classic. Gotta bring him back. It's crucial to understand your past to build a better future and it's facinating how he phrases his arguments in a unifying influence for the country. Thanks Sarde and Charles!

[@moayadkarimeh8515]

ممتاز هادا الشب الحلقة كتير رائعة وبتتقاطع مع كتير من الشغلات المثبتة والي بيعرفوا عالم قارينا

[@NA.1995.]

من أفضل التاريخيين اللي أحب أسمع لهم .. تحية لكم من السعودية .

[@Rex_houLa97]

نحبكم يا اهل سعودية❤️

[@NA.1995.]

والله وحنا بعد ربي يسعدك@@Rex_houLa97

[@omarelsolh5725]

Charles Al Hayek is an example of the best brains we have in Lebanon. A Very important Sarde to watch

[@alialheneiti4267]

This guy is extraordinary, someone unique, I wish I had known him before, he is a historical scientific encyclopedia, the way how he speaks is astounding, I wouldn't get bored if listened to him for hours.

[@SPC8-Owl]

I started watching Sarde last week, and i can't stop since... I'm officially addicted, your platform shows balance, intelligence and will to discuss. It's the basis for a great start and i wish Lebanon to renew itself thanks to people like you Mouin, Médéa, and all your wonderful guests. I was literally kidnapped by Charles Al-Hayek, Chloe Kattar and Dima Sadek. Mabrouk

[@moatazmattar4714]

Yo I'm Egyptian but this talk is suuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuper fucking interesting. Nice job and talk you guys. Much love to my Lebanese brothers and sisters 🇱🇧 🇪🇬

[@DJ-ev1xm]

Someone give this man a podcast or a show. I would watch/ listen regularly. PLEASE!

[@BerlinerOmar]

اول مرة اكتشف القناة، مبارح طلعلي هالفيديو اقتراح من يوتيوب ومن مبارح وانا بسمع و بتأمل،، كتير استمتعت فيها 👍

[@sardeafterdinner]

♥️

[@LMCIC]

Watching once is not enough to remember everything we have learned. Thank you so much. Sheer joy!❤

[@Talaze]

What a sarde, I watched it TWICE. My best Sarde so far, it should go viral. We’re waiting for part 2 with Charles 😎

[@ejbelaval8344]

For someone who loves Lebanese culture and is learning Lebanese Arabic these are so great!! Thank you so much for what you are doing 🙏

[@tamarabouchahine3111]

I loved this episode, i can listen to Mr. Charles for hours, such a brilliant historian and storyteller! lucky to have had him as a history professor.

[@HibaKabbani]

أنا من زمان ما حسيت بالفخر بوجود شخص بفكر بمنطق وفكر راقي وواعي متلك. كسورية كتير فخورة بأني قضيت ساعتين عم اسمعك وتمنيت ما تخلص المقابلة. شكرا لسردة لاستضافته

[@bodomanees94]

The nuance behind Charles’ abstraction is prudently mesmerizing ! I’ve literally enjoyed every single bit of it. Hopefully, one day he would start his own podcast and cast his spell throughout the world. I will be looking forward to it. Sincerely, - A humble neighbor from the state of Iraq. 🇮🇶

[@lamarerobinson4209]

Astonishing. Life changing. I need time to process. Yeah, this guy needs to be a regular on Sarde. He could have talked for ten hours and I would have kept listening.

[@XAvrilCrazyFanx]

I did not want this podcast to end. Absolutely brilliant. I would love to listen to him more often, he is a national treasure.

[@ibrahimalasmari2562]

السردة جميلة جدا و الضيف اكثر من رائع ، بس عندي ملاحظة يا ليت القائمين على البودكاست ياخذونها بعين الاعتبار اتمنى يكون الكلام باللغة العربية اكثر

[@KhaledMatar-u8z]

Big love from sudan 🇸🇩

[@Ode369]

شكراً سردة حليتو صباحي لما عرفتوني بهالشخص وهالمحتوى ♥️

[@Jadventure]

Proud to have had Mr. Charles as a Teacher in high-school ❤

[@anasalkherat7631]

هي لبنان يلي نحن منعرفها ك سوريين الثقافة والاحترام والحب والمعرفة بحبكن كتير اخوكن السوري ✌️

[@smileforhiba]

WE'VE BEEN LIVING A LIE!!!! I never trusted those history books anyways ... glad I dont remember a thing. I gained knowledge about Lebanon from this podcast more than History class. Thank you again Mouin and Medea for EVERYTHING!

[@ghayathd6203]

I literally went thru all the comments to check for counter opinion - i couldn't find any single one ... never in the history of any media content that doesn't have objection or negative feedback !!! Mind blowing content

[@MrTac818]

Im not Lebanese, I lived there 4 years though, awesome and great people.. this talk show is amazing and enlightening, people like you should be running the country.. 🙏🏼

[@omarabdulrahman4335]

روعة روعة. شارل مميز جدا بحضوره وإلقائه. ميديا ومعين أحلى عالم. متابع لكم من الخليج.

[@khodotany]

This man is the only one who deserves to rewrite our book history to be reached at all schools. like RIGHT NOW!

[@SuadBushnaq]

Never in my life would I have imagined to be fully engaged in 15 minutes of history, let alone two hours. This is gold. I love Sarde but this episode is beyond amazing. Thank you for hosting Charles...didn't know him before this episode but I'm a huge fan now. Incredible is an understatement.

[@Yaman_2011]

This guy is amazing! I learned so much about Lebanon from his Sarde :) Love from a Syrian neighbor 🙋🏻‍♂️

[@joumzette]

Charles al Hayek proves not only that the constant changes/ as well as adoption of false narratives but most importantly the omission of true historical facts creates an ouroboros loop of trauma and amnesia that breeds a population of lost misrable souls, cursed in repeating (through generations) the same mistakes over and over again . Please bring him back for many many more chats ! Not only is he a never ending well of knowledge based on facts not fiction ,but most importantly his thought process is rooted in common sense ( a tragically lost trait nowadays ), logic and keen observation . Much love and respect from a very early follower of Heritage and Roots . J

[@faridaelbakry1]

All the love from Cairo. Thank you guys for hosting such a phenomenal character. So looking forward to learning more about Lebanon.

[@randysidawi7162]

I used to hate the history subject in school, Charles made me love it!. Chapeau bas Charles, I have definitely learnt way more history in less than two hours than my whole scholastic years in Lebanon.

[@Chadyhaber]

Guys please bring back charle Hayek This guy is talented

[@raouf9445]

جزائري مر من هنا حياكم الله ووفقكم وسكر لضيفكم الرائع حاجة فخمة صح .. حلقة ممتعة بكل ثانية فيها لبنان بلد جميل و شعبه أجمل حفظ الله بلادكم

[@rashaBA86]

Im iraqi and i really enjoyed this video it was very informative.. I really wish you can make alot of other videos about other arab countries. You gained a dedicated follower ❤

[@AliSaad05]

Lately, I've been away from what's happening in Lebanon. This podcast is really helping to get interested again. Ya3tikon l 3afyeh, seghel 7elo.

[@almairshaid2019]

This is no doubt my favorite sarge so far! I don't even know how I handled to stay for the whole series literally so amused, and immediately sent it to all my friends. Would love to have another one, thank you, and love from the other side of the sea, Palestine.

[@sardeafterdinner]

Thank you so much! ♥️

[@bluefunk05]

Great to see Charles get more exposure and attention through this show. He's much deserving of it!

[@ahmedhamed20101]

يخرب بيت جمالك .. الكلام اللي قلته عن القاهرة صب في قلبي .. شكرا يا عمو لما تيجي مصر ليك عزومة على ارجيلة قص هتبطل بعدها البايب شكراااا :)

[@MahmoodAli242G]

I have watched this specific episode 8 times. This kind of perspective to history to what is happening in Lebanon, and the middle east as a whole is amazing. This is History as we need to hear it, a tool for analyzing the past, understabdibg the present and plan the future! Thank you both for this amazing project!!!

[@prettyme997]

jeez who would've thought history could be this interesting this guy is good!

[@laylafelfly459]

من احلى السردات. وانشالله تكون في حلقات اكثر مع د. شارل

[@inaseraldine]

This might be the most sectarian Lebanese comment in this section lol, but I have to come clean. When I read the name Charles Al Hayek and the title I did not expect this episode to be any good. I am happy I gave it a chance. I expected the traditional Christian extremist right wing isolating narrative, which Charl actually destroys very objectively, interestingly, and respectfully. Very good professional work, and his passion for history is exceptional. I hope to see more of Charles and more intellectual people like him. People who really want to solve things with and open mind and passion who want to bring people together, unlike nadim koteich. thank you for this insightful episode.

[@ittbp2463]

حلقة جدا رائعة , كم انا مسرور بموضوعية و اسلوب شارل الحايك , شكرا جزيلا لك من فلسطين

[@alihassan389]

Much love from iraq ❣️

[@SM-mn5zv]

ما بعرف ببكي او ببنبسط، حلقة رائعة، عيدوهاااا.

[@noct1373]

one of the best episodes till now really inspiring

[@zakariahejal2825]

تحية الى سردة و تحية و احترام إلى الأستاذ تشارلز الحايك لأول مرة احضر حلقة بدون توقف سردية سلسة جميلة و غنية جداً و تاريخ بدون تلاعب شكراً جزيلا

[@jolmoodsakhr5911]

حلقة ممتعة!! كعربي من الخليج أتوق لسماع مثل هذا الطرح الجامع لمختلف مكونات منطقتنا الغنية بكل مقومات النهوض و التطور المدعوم بموزييك التنوع الفريد و العظيم. نرجو أن توجد حلقة اضافية مع هذا المؤرخ لمعرفة مقاربته لكيفية نهوض المنطقة ككل. و هل هذا ممكن؟

[@ReemReemoooo]

عشان احداث فلسطين بتمنى ترجعوا تستضيفوا هالزلمه الرائع ليحكي بطريقته المذهلة عن تاريخ فلسطين القديم بتخيل هيك محتوى بخدم القضية وبظهر حقيقة كل الأكاذيب اللي بتشوه التاريخ .. رجاءا

[@hlmasoud]

It's great to see people of knowledge and many other aspects of life from Lebanon, we are done with having politicians dumping whatever garbage they have on us.

[@smoothsailor1]

I use to go to the Golden Beach resort and the nearing public beach in Antelias, as a child. I visited Lebanon lately and found that they destroyed my childhood memories. Amazing interview, very authentic and genuine.

[@onasayify]

Yes we want one more sarde with Charles!!

[@Mayoushart]

I didn't want this conversation to end. Thank you for a wonderful sarde!

[@MouniiaAt]

This was the most interesting and straight forward history lesson i’ve ever had in my life 😅 ♥️ .. We need more of Mr Charles plz . Sending u lots of LOVE from Morocco ♥️ ♥️♥️

[@arzphoenicien4916]

Me, and all my family watch your videos everyday. You give us the clear vision of Lebanese history 🇱🇧🇱🇧🇱🇧🇱🇧🇱🇧

[@mustafaalmetwali9915]

Why aren’t people like this supported in the Arab world? Totally amazing and eye opening, I actually wonder if this guy has any books that he wrote or where does he get his information?, please write down any books he wrote I couldn’t find any details online! would like to read! Love from Iraqi!

[@theyogadeck]

شكرًا شارل . صرلي سنه بسمعلك و كل كلامك صحيح و منطقي. برافو :) بتفش الخلق .

[@ajouzibrahim89]

We need more people like Charles. I wish I had him as a teacher. Mind blowing episode and I wish Lebanese will wake up and listen for once . We live on fake history and fake news .

[@yassers.s4255]

حلقة قيّمة كتير و سرد تاريخي رهيب للمنطقة ، فكر عظيم و بمثل تشارلز يجب أن يُبنى لبنان الحبيب ، و تحياتي مدية و معين متابعكن على طول .

[@nassifaboukhalil]

I think this is my favorite episode so far!

[@moustafaharake4445]

It is an absolute pleasure listening to this guy narrating our lebanese history, he should take part in writing the history text books for schools