How Elastic is the Fabric of the Universe?

[@ScienceAsylum]

Because a lot of you are asking, I already made a video about the statement at 8:24 about 2 years ago: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a3mueWSQn6yoqqM However, back then, I didn't go into as much detail as I do now, so you might consider the video too short. Rest assured, I _will_ be going into more detail in future videos. *This elasticity video was just the beginning of my deep dive into Einstein's Equation and General Relativity.*

[@stefanburczymucha6965]

space-time is a concept. does not exist

[@chrimony]

@@stefanburczymucha6965 You are a concept. You do not exist.

[@Lucky10279]

I look forward to more videos about relativity. In the meantime, I found this video very helpful in understanding how gravity affects time. I watched it several months ago and it gave me that "aha" moment: kzbin.info/www/bejne/Z3axnINmnZ2hd8k

[@user_z11]

Why do things only with mass bend the space i mean there must be a reason

[@atchutaexploringenglish2853]

Thank for ur reply

[@pratyushbhattarai5632]

The dedication and hard work from Nick, it's truly wonderful. I just can't believe he's not crossed at least a million. He's put CAPTIONS too. Thanks Nick.

[@pbp6741]

A Michigan Living State Treasure

[@MrMooAndMoonSquirrelToo]

Ikr? I’m so happy KZbin finally made a good suggestion for once. Thoroughly enjoying his videos. 😊

[@iainhunneybell]

Agree. Brilliantly done and in such an entertaining way. Quite a talent

[@SSMLivingPictures]

@@pbp6741 Hes in Michigan? Thats awesome, Im close by

[@cristiantriff3087]

"We're only looking at this conceptually." (5:25) You are an inspiration, Nick. Teachers worldwide should watch this channel. And by the way, the idea of creating this nerd clone is brilliant.

[@En_theo]

Yep, love Nerd Clone. Stop bullying him, Nick ! :)

[@jwrosenbury]

This raises a question: How do you get your clones to come out so well? Mine always end up as a blob of protoplasm. Does your wife help? (I've heard she's a really smart biologist.)

[@averagemilffan]

Now Nick is reaching the point of vsauce questions

[@xan1455]

Or is he?

[@Gajsu1]

*Jake Chudnow - Moon Men plays*

[@tectzas]

Agreed

[@physicsfundamentalsbyk.tiw2227]

If someone jumps from terrace of a building and takes EXACTLY π mins to get splashed on floor then does he really hits the floor?

[@ayoubsbai6339]

But where is the background music ?

[@Lucky10279]

Personally, I think the "well" visual is still useful for understanding gravity as the "warping" of space-time. The problem is that it's not usually explained that it's a _limited_ analogy, because spacetime is actually four dimensional, and most of the "warping" is actually happening to time, not space. Once I understood the limits of the analogy, it actually made a lot more sense.

[@SSMLivingPictures]

This is a great way to put it. I dont like the analogy myself, but when I realized I didnt like it because I understood why it was limited, I was able to make peace with it

[@smokedsalmon3907]

This is the only channel where I'll always watch a new video regardless of topic. And never once have I been bored or already knew everything. Mind blown as usual!

[@cjwrench07]

This reminds me so much of a University Freshman version of Bill Nye The Science Guy. A great assemblage of information, told in an easy to understand way.

[@Zenith40450]

You should have atleast 10M subscribers..... People are busy with tik tok useless stuff....i really appreciate the efforts that you take on each of your videos just to be understood by the layman's perspective. Love from India 🇮🇳

[@finalfandy4766]

.. I been wondering about the same thing .. this channel deserved more, way may more subs

[@vedantairon8376]

@@finalfandy4766 u r not alone🙃 I also keep thinking about it

[@ghasthordegd1201]

Screw tiktok

[@ghasthordegd1201]

Screw tiktok

[@SaquibFaisal]

I am a mechanical engineer and we all are taught to pronouns "Poisson" as "Poison" till date. Today I got my bubble burst there. Thanks Nick.

[@rillloudmother]

lol you spell like an engineer.

[@afonsodeportugal]

@pyropulse Sheldon Cooper, is that you?

[@afonsodeportugal]

@pyropulse Sheldon Cooper, is that you?

[@afonsodeportugal]

@pyropulse Sheldon Cooper, is that you?

[@billdecat855]

BTW, Poisson is French for Fish.

[@menecross]

Never looked at space-time like that .... but it makes a lot of sense!

[@Jonathan-yl7fd]

The facets of this channels exploration really impresses me. You aren't afraid to tackle ideas that intimidate others. Keep up the great work Nick!

[@brianbullivant4753]

I don't often understand what this guy is saying, but he's fun to listen to. A passion for science mixed with a sense of humor. Good stuff.

[@darkiusdark5452]

4:54 Man, the french pronunciation is one of the things that cause spacetime curvature.

[@ScienceAsylum]

😂😂 The _shame_ I feel at struggling to pronounce it was certainly big enough to curve spacetime.

[@pastoh1]

@@ScienceAsylum Just call him "Simon the Fish."

[@AlleyKatt]

Les prononciations des mots français de Nick sont hilarantes

[@En_theo]

@@ScienceAsylum I'm Belgian, it's pronounced approximately "poowa-so" . The sound "on" does not exist english but that should do it.

[@hbm293]

We should then find two black holes, in Quebec and in France 🤣 🤣

[@_abdul]

I'm getting answers to the questions I never thought I could ever ask. Thanks, Nick.

[@sjnm4944]

Your pronunciation of "Poisson" was really fishy.

[@rastrisfrustreslosgomez544]

LOL I get it XD

[@ronnyvbk]

I think the easiest way for English speakers is to pronounce the second syllable as in the ending of "Corleone" but without the ending "a" sound. Does that make sense?

[@timbeaton5045]

@@ronnyvbk Or learn a bit of French!

[@leucome]

puwassown

[@amandeep9930]

In India most of us pronounces Poisson as "poison". 😂😂😂

[@stefansauvageonwhat-a-twis1369]

Nick is descending into madnesss Like Kyle and Micheal and Adam...

[@SimonClarkstone]

Are you implying he wasn't mad all along?

[@alexandroskappa642]

Who is Kyle? Sounds interesting..

[@mjproebstle]

and Suggs

[@sadkritx6200]

@@alexandroskappa642 search 'Kyle Hill'. I think he also had another channel where he compared anime superpowers in real life🤔

[@sngash]

The bubbles were bursting at a furious pace today. Thank you Nick. At this rate you'll be a million subs strong soon - hopefully that won't mess your elasticity 🙂

[@jasonlast7091]

He's answering all my questions from High school in just the right way that my teachers couldn't. That shit made leaning so hard.

[@adityachk2002]

Your previous video was of low difficulty....this one is outside the sky!😊

[@ScienceAsylum]

Surprise! 🤓

[@AlleyKatt]

And I LOVED the surprise!

[@dmaster254]

I love the way you tied in the week field limit. I've seen it a few times, but never in comparison to Spacetime. I also like that your closing left space for a kugelblitz

[@chuckbucketts]

Another outstanding video! I never even considered the elasticity of spacetime, so once again you have introduced an entirely new concept to me. Mind-expanding stuff. Thanks, Nick!

[@adityachk2002]

When I had found your channel that time you never raked up so many views in so less time ....way to go!

[@kobiromano6115]

You're the first physics channel to tackle a very common problem with the visualization of gravity or spacetime. I hate the 2D analogy which shows the Earth or heavy object sitting on a fabric and causing a dent in it, as if gravity is pointed downwards. It's not a 2D fabric, it's a 3D scaffold/bubble centered around the heavy object, and what's happening is that space is "stretching" towards the inside of the bubble. It's harder to visualize or animate but I believe it's possible, and it will improve understanding.

[@djsavic6746]

Very nice and easy to understand explanation of what spacetime is, I especially love the parts where you make it very clear that spacetime is not really a fabric. I would give this video 10 thumbs up if I could.

[@vinaypandey9789]

You have cleared the air around 'Fabric' of space-time really well.Thank u Nick.

[@ScienceAsylum]

Glad I could help 🤓

[@mirador698]

Nerd Clone rocks the show - again!

[@BrianStanleyEsq]

I like the little alien.

[@scudder991]

You & your generous shoutout to VSauce finally let me understand "Gravity for Humans on Earth = Curved Time". Wow! Thank you Dr.Nick!

[@LuisAldamiz]

A particularly enlightening episode. Thank you. Also appreciated how you made Einstein look like he plagiarized Poisson... only to show a moment later how he actually improved Poisson by 4-D-izing and tensorizing him. But sure, even Einstein walked over the shoulders of giants. Bubbles bursted? I can't think of any but refined knowledge indeed, notably the low elasticity of space-time. Next chapter I hope for is about the QFT fields and how elastic they are in comparison.

[@1dgram]

Einstein came up with what he did "by standing on the shoulders of giants" (and the great Issac Newton said the same thing). I think it was Friedrich Kottler who first used tensors as a tool for describing curved space-time

[@zoltankurti]

@@ProCoderIO you wanted to say lorentzian manifold. A hyperbolic manifold is something very different.

[@justdave9610]

Everything is derivative to some extent

[@adilsongoliveira]

John Wheeler's "visual approximation" made me laugh out loud. Thanks a lot Nick! :)

[@Kaese1997]

08:24 could you elaborate on that? How can time curvature result in a force like gravity?

[@ericvilas]

If you want a good video that explains it, look up VSauce's "which way is down" But also I would absolutely love to see Nick tackle this in his his own way!

[@ScienceAsylum]

"Why Do Things REALLY Fall?" kzbin.info/www/bejne/a3mueWSQn6yoqqM 🤓

[@georgehs3386]

The most simple explanation i can give you, and please someone correct me if I'm wrong, is that a time curvature is the one responsible for you to fall, you reach the ground because your future is there, which is what we call gravity. It looks like a movement in space, but that's mostly our perspective, for the universe the object is almost staying in the same "space", but moving into the future.

[@ScienceAsylum]

The Vsauce video is here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/jpSXqYyXmLmoY6c

[@ScienceAsylum]

@@jerry3790 Actually, it's exactly what I'm saying. Space curvature around something like the Earth is actually quite small. Gravity is time curvature.

[@marcosunt1206]

Man you made best sci video of the last 5 years

[@SkylerLinux]

On the bursting of bubbles, you actually gave me the knowledge to understand in part why warp speed travel would need such things as Negative massed matter.

[@BryTee]

I also noticed that at 7:05 it was mentioned that an assumption that the particles in the object were moving slow compared to light. And I thought ... oh no, what happens to object moving closer to light speed. Does the space-time fabric act differently given the same mass?!?! Meaning a change in gravity as you start to get really moving (like warp speeds). That's going to complicate everything (like it isn't already complicated - LOL)

[@palladin9479]

@@BryTee I'm late I know but to partially answer your question, energy and mass are fundamentally the same thing which is what one of Einsteins equations states. All mater in motion has relativistic mass which is mass added to the rest mass based on it's speed relative to C, in ordinary mater this is an incredibly small value. As mater approaches C this changes and velocity starts becoming converted into relativistic mass, and mass warps time and thus creates gravity.

[@ronnyvbk]

I smiled so often. And again the analogy (with its limitations) approach ... so Engineer ... and so insightful, the more angles you have to look at something, the more you develop an understanding and hooks to embed it. Keep up the wonderful work!

[@hahahahaa5224]

Dude I have learned so much from you and your videos. 👍 Thanks so much for doing what you do and putting up with us.

[@kyriekwsta770]

1) It's so much better that you both look at the camera. Facing each other at that close a distance was too weird. 2) I love that you censor the whole word and not just the middle part, like everyone else does where you clearly can hear what they said. 3) Love your videos.

[@ailblentyn]

Thanks for keeping our stir-crazy brains amused and exercised!

[@ScienceAsylum]

You're welcome!

[@ospididious]

No bubbles burst here. Only confirmation of my understanding. Thank you.

[@dominicj7977]

I remember using poisson equation during 'mechanics of solids' lectures during my engineering days. It is so profound that the equation can be closely related to Einstein's equation

[@josephkafle6320]

These simplicity of such difficult concepts that you provide are reminiscent of Feynman! Thank you!

[@jackma77]

I’m a French speaking subscriber and I just couldn’t stopped laughing 😂 4:55

[@wayneabbott4927]

Like your videos, you give equations but don't go super in depth into them, but the clone keep reminding of small details that are important. I like that. It's easier to understand. Would love for you to give a crack explaining anti-gravity.

[@AdnanAli-cw7xt]

Really nick you deserve million of followers .I still don't understand why ,but your content is just amazing and wonderfully UNIQUE in the whole KZbin.. Keep uploading ❤️❤️videos sir😊😊.... Love from India 😊😊😄😄❤️❤️

[@das250250]

This is such a well presented topic . Congratulations . A number of times your view of explaning a topic has shown unique and very insightful logic. TY

[@sphakamisozondi]

Woah this is crazy, I was watching the Lagrange points video by Nick when notification alerted me abt this video, the universe works In Mysterious ways

[@VENOM-ol6pv]

Haha .

[@hdfhvcftyv]

Or youtube Algorithm

[@ZubairKhan-vs8fe]

Your explanations are elegantly simple to understand. You are an excellent teacher

[@regulareric8759]

wait, so you're saying that most of what is gravity to us is just "curvature" in time making us travel in time towards earth's center? I'm pretty sure you've said something like this before, probably including a squirrel as an example.

[@ScienceAsylum]

Yes, I have said this before... and, yes, it involved a squirrel: kzbin.info/www/bejne/a3mueWSQn6yoqqM

[@amandeep9930]

I remember finding your channel through a video on Poynting Vector and flow of energy in a circuit and I instantly impressed. Keep up great work .

[@ScienceAsylum]

Thanks! 😊

[@wastedblues2]

I watched Nick burst a full classroom of students' bubbles with the double slit experiment years ago. Yep this one was pretty good.

[@sunildey5887]

You are the most honest youtuber....you never tell lies

[@DrEw-wn2kr]

"Most of the gravity humans experience on Earth isn't even space curvature, it's time curvature!" W-T-F... Mind Blown ! ! !

[@SocksWithSandals]

🍎 Yeah, right?

[@josephbigler]

Could you elaborate more on what time curvature is and how time curvature causes gravity?

[@mamoonrasheedshaik9461]

@@josephbigler yeah... I am also waiting for such information (video)...

[@Science3D]

I really love your explanation and your demonstrations! You make it so easier to understand and funny at the same time

[@Dk-gn7up]

Right it's 6 am and I'm still awake watching about space

[@domtron8873]

Woke up last night and had an anxiety attack. I've had cosmophobia ever since I was a young one

[@TheMorningbirdFoundation]

We have observed with data from LIGO, from as early as 2015, that spacetime "rings" (called quasi-normal modes QNM) when two black holes merge. Therefore there is a measurable elasticity.

[@arielapp9469]

7:45, how can we tell space doesn't have a breaking point? what if we just never reached that breaking point? what if black holes do reach that breaking point and that's why we can't see into the event horizon?

[@andrei-un3yr]

One of the best channels for getting a conceptual understanding of advanced physics topics. I also like the channel fermilab, but your videos are a bit more fun to watch

[@dreggory82]

All my bubbles are intact, I'm thmart, real thmart.

[@hebrewhammer1000]

Thank you for sharing. It was cool to see my mechanics of materials class helped prepare me for this.

[@RobeonMew]

BECAUSE ITS NOT A FABRIC!

[@alphaprime1871]

I love your videos so much, that I tend to like them even before watching it, and I never get disappointed. Quality stuff and very interesting. Thank you Nick 😊.

[@felipemonteiro5877]

Here we go, time to clean the walls again

[@thenasadude6878]

It's the first time I hear any reason for gravity being weak, and the explanation being Spacetime rigidity is a top level discovery. Nick if you came up with this, please consider writing a paper and submit it for publication.

[@ScienceAsylum]

I did not come up with this. It's just that no one ever thinks it's important enough to talk about.

[@KeithJohnson.]

Superb as ever, your delivery is funny, educational and addictive :)

[@TechniSean1]

How many of my bubbles did you burst? All of them, every video, and I couldn't be happier about it. Thank you sir.

[@Lucky10279]

Don't have time to watch this now (I'll come back later), but I gave it a preemptive like, because I always end up liking your videos and I want the algorithm to recommend them to more people.

[@danielrhouck]

Units: are important. You were showing the elasticity here as inverse force, but for your spring analogy it would be length per force. To say 10^-43 is small, you need to assume that you measure springs in meters per newton or centimeters per newton, not lightyears per newton.

[@aasavickas]

Excellent explanation and video. Thanks the hard work shows up in the video.

[@nickknight5373]

That's a gem of a presentation. Excellent.

[@aclearlight]

Great work! My head is spinning at the idea of empty space nonetheless providing resistance to deformation and an elastic restoring force.

[@IckMotU]

Your videos should be shown in schools. Great work and keep them comming.

[@RAJATTHEPAGAL]

That explanation of the image of curvature, was the best bubble to be bursted. 😲 And the relation with Poisson energy equation .... 😲😲😲😲😲 ..

[@ramonmatosnog]

You popped none, instead you just added more bubbles to my collection and you don't know how happy I am now. New things to research and learn in this quarantine.

[@Robinson8491]

Only after studying GR and Newtons Principia this entire year do I fully grasp the brilliance of this video. You know your stuff! Keep it coming!

[@Mysoi123]

I always wondered why there was a constant of Newtonian gravitation in Einstein's equation. Thanks, that makes sense now.

[@ScienceAsylum]

Glad I could help 🤓

[@Pedritox0953]

I like this new focus to spring's formula !!

[@astha192]

Surely an underrated science channel!!

[@cipherxen2]

No bubbles bursted here. I've have no bubbles to begin with. Thank you thank you very much for these videos. I can't thank you enough.

[@wailinburnin]

Somehow we all have to make the conceptual transition from "the rubber sheet" to something like ball or "sphere packing" where the questions are more about some sort of interaction of radial geometries rather than the equations of the grid if we are to go, going from the continuum to quantized space-time. We don't know how motion is even possible and we seldom hear someone ask the question: Am I moving through space in (or and) time or am I the particular form of space-time at any given time at a particular location? "Rigidity" is good in one conceptual sense but in another, it may be only the appearance of rigidity that emerges. The quantum foam concept with everything popping in and out of existence somewhat defies our linguistic abilities when we try to enter a term like "rigidity". I love these presentations!

[@antipoti]

Nick is a blessing to humanity.

[@malanga212]

Mind blowing video .... especially for young physicists

[@stevenlilley8045]

To believe science is the last word about anything (pun intended, did you get it) is a limited perspective, contrary to science itself Keep popping bubbles young man You are a good teacher

[@andrewcarr2431]

every answer that is supplied in your videos leads to more questions. I guess that is the beauty of science. We take it as "Fact" until someone comes up with a better solution.

[@grapy83]

Awesome Channel. Jackpot hidden in multi million subscriber youtube channels. Sadly this one deserves multi multi million subscribers and views. In fact if possible it should be part of curriculum in all relevant classes all around the world.

[@1TakoyakiStore]

Oh wow. A couple of years ago I commented on one of your videos asking how flexible the fabric of spacetime was or if it could deform and break if enough energy was applied. You graciously responded saying something along the lines of "that's not how spacetime works, have faith in its durability." I felt a little bummed that you didn't go into more detail at the time but understood. Well here you are with a video going over roughly the same question I asked in more detail. All I can say is thank you for spending time on this even if I had nothing to do with its inspiration. This is the kind of detail I was hoping for in my original comment. Thank you, thank you, thank you! 😁 Fyi this question came up in an unrelated KZbin video where I asked people what would happen if an object traveling faster than the speed of light in a universe where it is faster than it is here in our universe, came through a portal/wormhole into our universe? One of the main responses were a breakdown of spacetime, usually a parsec-wide explosion but I was never sure how accurate it was because they weren't physicists or engineers.

[@ScienceAsylum]

Wormholes are tricky. I'll have to think about that one.

[@rastrisfrustreslosgomez544]

Well, a thing that travels faster than the speed of light (ANY thing) can travel backwards in time and if you somehow arrive at your own past you really just doubled the energy density of that region of space (double the ammount of you in the same place) so logically speaking the time-loop would make the local energy-density rise uncontrolably to infinity and that's the very definition of a black hole. So yeah! A black hole. But I'm a chemist, not an astrophysicist so what do I know :P

[@jenf2580]

I've watched many videos saying that Spacetime is like waterbed. But after watching your video I think I wouldn't want to cuddle on that one.

[@ScienceAsylum]

😂 Me either.

[@nickverbree]

Dude, the humor in this video was just what I needed

[@dtrimm1]

Another great video Nick - you're sending me off to learn more about Poisson's equation!

[@truecerium4924]

This episode is great! Possibly one of the best explanations I have seen on the WWW

[@ptregear]

Sensational video--thanks so much! I'm _slowly_ getting it... And, as a teacher myself (music not maths) I agree we all can learn from (and be inspired by) what you do!

[@cleitonoliveira932]

Holy sh*t, the video was ok until near the end, then you applied 4 dimensional tensors. You're really a good teacher for simplifying this kind of thing at a 101 level and then reveal the details in a way that we understand you just can get the whole picture if you do the math. But you already explained without it!

[@be_a_dreamer]

You are just awesome I just had a debate on gravity and spacetime curvature...now I can say something out of the box...🤩🤩

[@wasim896]

Happy to hear Milton after a long time.

[@erenb.2806]

This is my go to channel for physics 👍

[@originverse724]

This is so underrated channel

[@kirilpenzov1987]

"So how many of your bubbles did I burst today?" - A LOT!!! :)

[@dennisliebig7622]

Very good arguments for a stiff spacetime/quantumvacuum. Spacetime is a rather stiff thing, and therefore we could probably touch it, different than by using mass. Instead by using negative Energy as "finger tips" using the casimir effect ? Some coupling should/could exist ? ! Brillant videos ... So inspiring !

[@zackyezek3760]

What's really interesting is that that Einstein equation is the simplest one that works, NOT actually the only one consistent with the principles of general relativity. You can add a constant tensor term "lambda_uv" to the right-hand side and not break the physics- hence the term 'cosmological constant'. And because it adds to the energy portion, it was the immediate suspect for dark energy once that was discovered. Other crazy aspects: 1) The equation involves 'curving' the passage of TIME. In fact, because time itself is treated like another space dimension in that equation, this equation implies our normal conception of moving through time means is a kind of illusion, hiding a deeper 'timeless' reality. 2) The equation itself radically alters the nature of space and time compared to Newton, but ironically not those of 'stuff' (matter or energy).And this is why it is so deeply, conceptually incompatible with quantum physics. In quantum physics, wave function collapse defines a sharp, qualitative physical distinction between the measured system's past and future. Before the measurement, matter particles may not even HAVE a well-defined mass or energy. And yet Einstein's equation implicitly claims they do. It is also mathematically incompatible with quantum superpositions (it is nonlinear). This is why people go on and on about "quantum gravity". Right now we don't know how to make Einstein's equation work with single electrons (or other quantum systems and fields). The consensus is that it needs modification or replacement in situations where quantum effects are significant, but even that remains disputable.

[@මලින්දසමරසිංහ]

Thank You Sir.I am watching your vidios every day

[@thelongwayhomeful]

WOW Thank you! This video answers a lot of questions about space-time. Eqations are nice but too general to form a big picture. This is what you do so well.

[@pranaviyer8178]

Great video as always! I'm waiting for the next tensor video!

[@-isotope_k]

You have deep intuition about science ❗️

[@kumar7359]

Thank you. I binge watch all your videos. This one, though is a level way up. I could easily listen to Radio Eskimo and nod in appreciation of whatever they said.