Nobody Knows What TIME Really Is. But it might be this...

Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: ow.ly/NwIS30rNQ5m - Be sure to check out Sean Carroll's series called, "Mysteries of modern physics: Time" - I highly recommend it!
A good definition of information in physics: "information contained in a physical system = the number of yes/no questions you need to get answered to fully specify the system."
References:
Lee Smolin's paper: arxiv.org/abs/2104.09945
Prior video on entropy: • The Stunning link betw...
Wave function collapse and time: • How Quantum Mechanics ...
Chapters:
0:00 - Why is time one way but physical laws are not?
2:19 - What is Entropy? Disorder and information
5:29 - Does entropy cause time?
7:12 - What is time? Recorded past vs future possibilities
8:07 - Lee Smolin's theory of time
10:31 - Will time always flow forward? heat death & big freeze
12:33 - Best online course on time
Summary:
In quantum mechanics, it’s just as natural to go forward in time as going backwards. And if you look at a typical Feynman diagram, you can turn the diagram either way. Where does this transition from time symmetry at the quantum level, to time asymmetry at the macro level occur?
To understand its irreversibility, we have to look for other irreversible processes in nature to see if there is any correlation - such as in thermodynamics, Entropy.
Entropy is a measure of disorder, but a more rigorous definition has to do with information. Entropy is related to the amount of information necessary to describe a system. Thus, information is directly tied to entropy. And if entropy of the universe is always increasing, it means that the information necessary to describe the universe must also be increasing.
If we have two gases on the two sides of a chamber and allow the gases to mix, they'll mix together and not unmix. This is a one way process, from an ordered state of two separate gases, to a disordered state of a mixtures. The process evolves from one state to the other, and you cannot go back to the prior state. This is similar to the one way direction of time.
It's important to point out that it is not impossible for the mixture of gases to go back to the prior ordered state. It is a statistical impossibility but not a physical impossibility.
Does increasing entropy cause the forward flow of time? Time and entropy seem to be related. But how do we know one is the cause of the other? If you could reverse time, you would see a scrambled egg going back to being unscrambled.
If increasing entropy was directly responsible for the forward flow of time, it would be logical to presume that decreasing entropy would cause the backward flow of time. The inside of your refrigerator decreases entropy by removing heat. But time does not run backwards inside your refrigerator.
The best definition of time in physics is that time is the process that brings the unknown future into a recorded past via the present. This requires an increase in information because every moment that goes by is recorded as a definite past which are events that have definitely happened. This was not knowledge until it happened. When it happened, it became new information and thus added to the total information in the universe. More information is more entropy.
Physicist Lee Smolin suggests that what distinguishes the past from the present is a kind of knowledge that is gained once indeterminate quantum events consisting of only probabilities in the present, become a classical definite past.
So what seems to separate the past from the present is whether it is knowable or not.The change from quantum indefinite present to a classical definite past is what defines the arrow of time. This points always in the forward direction as the quantum present constantly churns out a classical past.
Note that although it is established that information is related to entropy, both Smolin’s paper and my extrapolation of his paper to information are not established theories, but conjecture.
This means that entropy must have been much lower earlier in time, near the big bang. How did the universe get to this low entropy state at the beginning? If entropy only increases, one hypothesis is that one day the universe will be in a state with no useful energy, only radiation and heat. Then nothing can happen - no physical movement, no chemistry, not even thoughts in brains.
#entropy
#time
#whatistime
If nothing happens in the entire universe, and not even thoughts or consciousness can exist, does time still continue to move forward? I’m not so sure.

[@darrellseike3185]

This is the first I have seen where time, entropy and information have all been tied together into something that makes real sense! Thank you!!!

[@jejethejeplalq821]

There's no such thing as time (Outside of our mind anyway). There's no third party agent called time enforcing change or Entropy (Which only exists inside our mind) on to the world. When an ice cube melts, there's no such entity as time, forcing the ice cube to melt. The idea of time is in no way an empirical one. All we perceive in the world is change and never a thing called time. Time is a useful tool created by human perception for the purpose of coordination and synchronization. Those two thing are very important for social creatures like humans.

[@user-wz4kx8vq2y]

You're absolutely correct, I hope he explains entanglement soon

[@StarNumbers]

BS. If so time would be different for different people

[@piruz3243]

​@@StarNumbers Well, around 1905, a guy named Albert showed that it is different for everyone.

[@nikokoro5862]

Select your difficulty: Easy - Arvin Ash Medium - Sabine Hossenfelder Hard - PBS Space Time INSANE - Your lazy college professor

[@felicityc]

Easy - KZbin Medium - Reading articles and editorials Hard - Reading the actual research papers Very Hard - Realizing you can't understand physics except through calculus and trig DARK SOULS - Believing in the many-worlds theory

[@bhangrafan4480]

Hee, Hee, as a former college lecturer I recognise exactly what you are talking about! (regarding my colleagues of course....)

[@frauleinhohenzollern8442]

PBS Space Time is highly over rated in my honest humble opinion. Honestly, in a lot of episodes he actually doesn't say much of anything... He just uses a certain vernacular and key phrases and the layman assumes it must be profound when it's really not. I know I'll catch hell for this. This internet culture has become so toxic, people think certain channels are part of their identity so anytime someone criticizes their favorite channels they take it as a personal attack. So just a disclaimer, this is my opinion. I just don't find PBS Space Time to be a good source of information. Fermilabs channel is decent, Sabine is good too, but they're both for the layman. The only difference is they dispense with the sensationalism of it all. PBS space time indulges in the sensationalism too often, taking advantage of the ignorant audience ( obvious by reading the comments most of them are there to listen to big words and have their "minds blown") and over hyping unproven ideas or misrepresenting certain fields to appear more "reality bending" than they actually are. Rarely do any of them actually do a good job of explaining whatever it is they're talking about.... Because if they did, they wouldn't get 1,000s of views thus none of that sweet ad revenue which is today's lesson boys and girls... Its always about the ratings. Always.

[@frauleinhohenzollern8442]

You can bet your sweet ass that objectivity is the first thing to be sacrificed to the algorithm God of youtube. Pleasing the algorithm = more $$. Not just from ads, but they'll feature sponsorships and their patreon too. Oh, and "merch". That's how much they care about you, they squeeze every last penny they can. And don't forget their requests to hear your opinions in the comments! They could not care any less about what you have to say, they just want to increase that sweet sweet audience engagement stat for the algorithm. PBS space time is one of the worst offenders.

[@jamezkpal2361]

@@frauleinhohenzollern8442 It had to be said.

[@AnthonyCandaele]

From all the physics videos I'v seen on KZbin, Arvin really gives the best explanation on physics!

[@atribhattacharyya2631]

You are a wonderful teacher..Thanks for all the brilliant knowledge you pass by towards your viewers..Keep up the great work..

[@HawthorneHillNaturePreserve]

I love how Alvin says he hopes someone watching this video will come up with a new theory of time. That’s cool to think a bright mind anywhere might be able to do this! The possibilities!

[@KaiseruSoze]

A theory of time or of something that appears to us as "time". I've done that. I'd post a link to it but ... it seems there is a ban on links

[@snehalarunachal952]

@@KaiseruSoze world needs more and more people just like you brother! 💯😎👊👌

[@shivam___9821]

I fet like he was talking to me :o

[@jesseaustin2438]

My Calculus teacher told our class that d of x or delta of x from Calculus is time of x because it is the change of x. And i thought on my own, considering that, that time is either the Calculus operation derivative or integral, i think integral from what ive found in formuli,,, but time isnt directional in macro world and not arrow of time at quantum, people prescribe that something special is happening when balls "lose" energy bouncing but they just disperse it and energy is still conserved, ITS JUST that complexity arises with larger scales of events so things happen that seem to be special but are still following same orderliness as the quantum. Theres not just a mass of atomic stuff bouncing, there is also gravity absorbing and changing velocity. Change is time. But my thought on time is an integral OF SPACE is that an integral is the area bound by an origin axis, and a plot graph of a function. X and y axises with a graph. But time is the area bound by space, and space is filled and is defined by the fields that fill space or that are that have substance to measure which illustartes spatialness. And my formula that shows that gravity is ths time of time, and gravity is thusly the integral of time construct and time is the integral of space IS from gravity equals force and force equals mass times acceleration, but since acceleration is distance per time squared, one can do Calculus derivative with respect to time for mass x distance per time², and get another function or equation, what Calculus does, and it shows that the new equation is a time construct that when integrated,, the opposite of derivative,, u get gravity, then u can derive again and find what describes space(time). And there is a known formula which is that first derivative rearranged to be solved for a different aspect or variable. And the derivative of gravity is space(time) divided by quantum mechanics, and that equals, the derivative when math is done, is mass x distance x -2 per time cubed.. which shows gravity is correlated to space and mass and distance, AND that space is 3D time equivalent, and that would show how time could be viewed inversely as space dimensional. Thats bout all. I mighta forgot something. But i comment on ScienceClic English's videos and i told my scifi movienidea on doughtinator's youtube as well.

[@erezsolomon3838]

@@KaiseruSoze I also came up with a theory of time. You can maybe try to post the link with a space in between parts

[@nikokoro5862]

12:25 "My dream is that a someone watching this video right now, comes up with such a theory, and changes the world." Just you wait, Arvin. Just you wait.

[@undercoveragent9889]

lol... Brilliant.

[@erezsolomon3838]

Yes

[@denary7371]

time is gravity, gravity is time, gravity allows wavelike energy aka matter-antimatter-exoticmatter to move on it aka quantem field ez bro ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''gravity=quantem field'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

[@chuckintexas]

Workin' on it - _WORKIN' ON IT !!_

[@zirdo4390]

Idiot debate,,,he talks as if as long as you go forward you can't end up in the past,,,,,,if that were so we would not have these things called loops,,,to the person on the loop they can't tell most of the time that they are about to end up where they started, loops are also used in electrical engineering where energy can be looped back to anywhere along it's path. The point is,,you don't have to go backwards to end up on the same path as you started so to move to the past would require you to continue forward in a loop, but I don't believe time is what they think it is, I believe most people view time as a recording that they want to rewind however I don't believe if you went to the past that it would be like that at all, time is time and not a recorder and it probably works the same whether it's going forward or backwards without any regard to what has happened or not, if fact there is no evidence that we would even perceive the difference, and there is the opinion that time is really just a concept that we humans created to keep track of our day,,so using the word time in this way may be misleading.

[@IdiotEarthworm]

Liked this video. Quite a new perspective on what time may be. Thanks for producing this.

[@Debanil12]

You are the best expository speaker I have encountered ever. Also the passion that oozes out of your expression is really motivating. Keep it up. ♥️

[@antonystringfellow5152]

When you break it down to its fundamentals, everything in the Universe is information. Gravity, it appears, is not a force, in a field, carried by a particle, but is an emergent phenomenon caused by the fact that time advances more slowly near a massive object. In this situation, you must move downwards in order to be in an inertial frame of reference. From the surface of a massive object, this movement is not possible because the object is in the way (pauli exclusion principle). This resistance is the same as constant acceleration and we feel this as weight. Gravity is an effect, not something fundamental in the same way that there is no such thing as a centrifugal force, rather there is a centrifugal effect. Seems to me that space and time (or spacetime) are also emergent (effects) with their underlying causes emerging from information. Maybe something like this: Time: The transformation of a probability into a certaintly (knowledge). Space: The degree of quantum entanglement or propagation of information. Just wild speculation on my part but I can't escape the feeling that the only thing that is fundamental in this Universe is information and everything else is just emergent.

[@ArvinAsh]

Very interesting.

[@das_it_mane]

Agree that gravity is probably not a force with an associated boson (personal speculation as well). With your definition of emergence, wouldn't the other "fundamental forces" also not actually be fundamental either, but emergent?

[@islausvakangas5376]

This is a very interesting comment, though I challenge you to imagine this: by saying time flows slower near massive objects you aren't solving the problem of gravity that you answered to, which is how can mass have an effect like this at a distance? There is something more fundamental going on, and I understand it like this: according to the GToR, if you experience similar forces to another situation, the situations are not just equivalent but exactly the same. Therefore, if you're accelerating through space and experiencing a kind of "drag", your mass, from the higgs' field, then when you're standing on earth and also experiencing this drag you're also moving through space: space flows towards masses, and condenses infinitely at the center as it does so. This isn't at all far fetched as gravity can be described like this mathematically, and we already know space can expand infinitely. This also solves the problem with time dilation. Space flows faster closer to a mass, and slower further away. This means things on the surface of a planet move faster through space, and therefore have to move slower through time, and similarly things in the orbit move slightly slower through time, and therefore faster through space. The constant acceleration we experience on the planet is the constant discrepancy between movement through space different parts of our body experience: space flows faster through our feet, slower through our head, and we feel this as a constant force as this discrepancy never evens out. What happens when space flows towards a mass at the speed of light is a black hole!

[@ferdinandkraft857]

Definitions of time as "transformation" or "change" are circular because you're already assuming some sort of time flow so that anything can evolve from state s1 at _time_ t1 to state s2 at _time_ t2. It's very hard if not impossible to imagine time as emergent given that our thought process and our models of physical reality are always based on chenge, evolution etc.

[@akostarkanyi825]

Matter is, really, densified energy. What does energy mean? A potential to cause change. What does change mean? A measurable difference between two states in time and space. How do we measure change? By comparing states of energy. What does measuring means, then? We compare two potentials to cause change in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (in a unit of time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (in a unit of space). When we get a certain value then that density of energy means it is already a unit of matter. When matter (which is, really, energy) is dense enough it makes time flow slower. Or more exactly: every material particle makes time flow slower. So, above a certain value of the difference between two potentials to cause change (thus, when energy is dense enough to make a material particle) in a unit of probability turning into knowledge (time) and in a unit of the propagation of information (space) these latter very units will change themselves. Time will slow down and space will become curved. Time might stop at very big gravity (at the event horizont of black holes). This means, then, that above a certain level of difference between two potentials to cause change the probability turning into knowledge is zero. I guess that is why everything cannot happen at the same time. Also the existence of an upper limit to the speed of light means this. And what about the notion of knowledge? Does it make sense to any other being in the world than for human beings? I guess it makes some sense for living beings (plants and animals) but they cannot really comprehend it. Can we? What is knowledge? It is a tool to help sustain homeostasis. And homeostasis means maintaining a certain degree of entropy inspite of the "natural tendency" of its increase. So, this means, then that we cannot do "anything" (according to our current knowledge about the physical world) because there is a natural limit of probabilities turning into our tool (knowledge) to maintain a homeostasis favoured by us. Well, what a surprise... In the end, thinking this all over takes us only to commonplaces. But still, it was interesting to think about things like this. And I can also see that all of these notions are invented by us as practical tools to understand and master our material world better. And which notion of them is the "most basic"? Is it really information? It might be so... But it seems to me that all of these basic notions (time, energy, information, entropy, gravity, mass, speed etc.) are defined by each other. So, after all, it is arbitrary to choose one or a few of them as "very basic" and then calling the others derived from them as only secondary or "illusory". (Someone told me that "mass does not really exist, it is just a ratio". Well...)

[@nurk_barry]

In the 4d “block universe” model, all instances of time exist simultaneously in a sort of loaf of bread where a particular instant would be represented by a slice. We live inside the loaf and experience out 3d reality second by second but a being who could see the entire loaf at once could see our entire timeline at once.

[@nafnaftroop2358]

If God exists, HE look at us as bread. Or if a man can see the whole bread, he can become God

[@sandeshbhandare7238]

I disagree totally. Which slice of the loaf of bread is present, past or future?? Time is just energy/mass going from order to disorder.

[@papyrophobia]

I agree with the idea that the past is contained within the existing information of all charge and motion and that the present is just organizing the information, like a slinky moving over the slope of space. Smolin may have thought this through, but it is an assumption that the conversion from past to present adds any new information to the total information space.

[@nafnaftroop2358]

@@sandeshbhandare7238 I think time is just an imaginary unit aside from 3D. time is just our invention to measure numbers and vector of movement compare to other moving things. That's why time is relative, time is just our comparison of something to the movement of atoms in an atomic clock. We also compare kinetic energy to movement of atomic clock. If the clock placed in gravity or accelerated, the clock will be slower, and so other things will be slower in the same location. That's why time is relative.

[@nurk_barry]

@@sandeshbhandare7238 your slice is a straight line through the loaf, and the speed you’re traveling determines the angle of your slice. That’s why there is no simultaneity in relativity. Everyone’s “now” is different because all observers can be traveling at different speeds through spacetime. Entropy is what gives our experience of time a direction. Entropy is a property of the mass-energy in our universe, I agree.

[@sodea13]

my boss explained to me that somehow time is money

[@craigo8598]

Arvin you are my favourite 'gangsta' science educator. You always stay open minded and never arrogant, and always clearly explain the sides to any scientific debate, rather than taking a dogmatic position. I experience this as very respectful. Thanks for another great video.

[@willlv15]

Time probably just the constant process of the manipulation of matter by energy

[@jamesmazzoni5063]

Role of gravity with time?

[@missinformed4269]

I watch a lot of videos about physics and very few express ideas with such clarity and patience. Thank you Arvin for all you do to help people get it. In addition to quality productions you are gifted as a presenter. Well done, excellent and appreciated!

[@Mick0722MX]

Clarity? You mean how time is just a measurement of motion, and any explanation beyond that is bullshit?

[@helifynoe9930]

@@Mick0722MX I always thought that the purpose of videos such as this, is to make things difficult to understand, to confuse, or to mislead. The primary goal instaed, is entertainment. Looking at things in a simpler manner instead, is basically banned these days. And so they don't bother to make it clear that everything that exists is always in motion, and that this motion is exactly the same magnitude of motion of which photons of light have as they move across space. So within the 4D environment known as Space-Time, everything is always in motion, and thus all that can be changed, is the direction of travel. The Special Relativity phenomena, is the outcome of this simple ongoing motion and changing of direction overall setting. I threw some videos together to show exactly how this happens, and how to properly derive the equations, but they involve logic, not entertainment, so basically no one is interested in them.

[@Mick0722MX]

@@helifynoe9930 Space-time? What is space-time exactly?

[@seanbarrett2629]

ALL LIVING THINGS TRUMPH CARD WAS REPRODUCTION , IN A DESPERATE EFFORT AND A SUCCESFULL ONE TO CONTINUE TO EXIST IN THIS NEVER ENDING "NOW".ALL NON BIOLOGICAL THINGS JUST DECAY.

[@RonWrightwrites]

@MissInformed I Just LOVE your name 😊

[@anthares1000]

You are absolutely brilliant! I really enjoy your lessons! Thank you!

[@RichardSundquist-mm5ml]

I really enjoy your documentaries. Of all the shows on You Tube, all though there are some close seconds. Your views are like beacons of truth to me; and I find I become enriched by your scientific revelations. A form of intellectual nourishment, and harsh facts that stir the imagination, but awesome scientific lectures.

[@dsirius1500]

Great video, In fact it is so interesting that I watched even the commercial in it. Raising this kind of questions help us to discover the mystery of existence. Keep posting dude.

[@Xeexie]

Love your videos Arvin, you really do have a special talent for explaining really complex topics in a clear and understandable way.

[@alfredagatucci2674]

I feel like time is the side-effect of gravity and the opposite is also true...meaning that it is one force.

[@georgerevell5643]

Fascinating! Your Conjectures are amazingly logical, a true scientific philosopher.

[@markweir7971]

Mr. Ash, I watched your explanation of intanglement this morning and really appreciate your descriptive approach -- you have a real gift. I then watched this video on time, I had previously studied Hans Reichenbach's treatise "The Direction of Time" and found it to be a difficult read. Your explanation was completely insync with Reichenbach's, but you avoided the arduous proofs, which I couldn't help but think were gratuitous probability theory and got in the way of his key points. Again, thank you.

[@jatinbangar4371]

I think your channel is the BEST. I follow multiple physics channel but you have this insane ability to explain everything so very clearly. Fantastic channel!

[@murraymadness4674]

I agree, and also like how he presents things less as fact and more as theory

[@Roberto-REME]

Outstanding video Arvin; as always. The subject matter is great and your narration is superb. Well done!

[@Roberto-REME]

@James w Have you the slightest idea how insane you sound?

[@af4396]

Interesting, I had this thought that the reason "forward" time exists is because of the statistical impossibility of Entropy reversing to a prior state, but when you mentioned the paper where it mentioned the theory that the wave function collapsing basically "cements" passing moments and there's no way to go back and undo that collapse, that really clicked in my head for a great theory of what time really is. At the same time, I also think it's related to physical constants, because without those being "constant" life would be chaos, because "time" would be chaos.

[@pipedreams57]

Smooth and well done. I loved it. Thanks

[@ssreddysangana2645]

I was never interested in science, but your videos first intrigued me. Now, I'm more interested in learning about our universe and many fundamental questions about existence. Thanks Arvin 🙏🙏

[@AfricanLionBat]

I'm glad you mentioned entropy reversal isn't technically impossible but rather statistically unlikely.

[@nauy]

You can reverse entropy whenever you like. It just takes energy. Your refrigerator is doing it this whole time.

[@AfricanLionBat]

@@nauy That's not reversing entropy, it's increasing entropy.

[@mikel4879]

African L B / No, you're wrong! Reversed entropy can be and it is created all the time LOCALLY, but AT the UNIVERSAL scale it is increasing continuously. For example, all bioogical organisms ( and the "artificial" ones ) on Earth are created and sustained by the reversed local entropy of the Universe.

[@AfricanLionBat]

@@mikel4879 it's not reversing entropy when you're increasing entropy to do so. You're talking about systems that aren't closed

[@gixelz]

I'm an infinite universe, however statistically unlikely, anything that could potentially happen will happen. Which is why this entropy theory is a mind fuck, or why the universe may be a closed system.

[@eric-jandenooyer4006]

My current explanation/belief about 'time' is that it's simply a measurement of change (absolute change, local change). Because all methods of measuring time involves some means of measuring a physical object that has a changing position in 'space' (e.g., the sun, a pendulum, the resonance induced by an oscillating field). And so that would mean that 'time' cannot exist without also having a 'space' for things to move through; ergo, 'spacetime'. Further, my belief is that there's only one current moment in time (though things that happen non-locally do take their time to be communicated to other locations). And so, this present single moment is the result of all prior cause-and-effects, and also carries information forward that brings upon some new cause-and-effects (though some events can have their causes chosen, which then offers a different outcome than would have been otherwise predestined). So then, as change happens, the previous circumstances become history/information, and that historical fact cannot really be erased/reversed (though it can be forgotten). Simply stated, a bell cannot be un-rung, and so time behaves somewhat like an absolute value function. But yet, if we don't move through space, we are still moving through time. So, are we falling through time? Or, is something always moving/changing even when it doesn't look like it? And then, if something moves through space fast enough, time actually stops and it becomes as thin as zero, but not negative (to the external observer anyway, if they can measure it). Essentially, dimensionless and timeless. In between these extremes, whenever we move through space, we're effectively taking a shortcut through space & time. The faster we go, the shorter the path becomes (both in space and time). It's like seeing every movement as traveling through a wormhole, particularly when you think about those muons coming in from the upper atmosphere.

[@zerosugar8026]

@solo pro that is an assumption

[@zerosugar8026]

@solo pro is it not?

[@hebrews5127]

In the beginning, : Time God created the heavens : Space And the Earth : Matter *Genesis.1:1* *Hebrews.11:* 3Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear. *1Corinthians.1:* 19As the Scriptures say, “I will destroy the wisdom of the wise and discard the intelligence of the intelligent.” 20So where does this leave the philosophers, the scholars, and the world’s brilliant debaters? God has made the wisdom of this world look foolish. 21Since God in his wisdom saw to it that the world would never know him through human wisdom, he has used our foolish preaching to save those who believe.

[@hebrews5127]

@solo pro Romans. 10:17

[@Syntaxxed]

So excited to start studying physics! Thank you!

[@rajachan8588]

Love your clips. Thanks

[@VedanthB9]

This explanation satiated my curiosity. I was quite discontent with entropy being equated with time. But this explanation clears it. Thank you for making this video!

[@billferner6741]

Right, also with me. Now I got the impression that going back in time, if possible, you would loose all the information you have - with the result, you cannot change what happened, just repeat it.

[@VedanthB9]

@@billferner6741 That's an insightful thought! I didn't think about the implications of this line of thinking for time-travel.

[@brendanh8193]

@@billferner6741 The insight is interesting. But the conclusion, I would have thought, is the opposite - going back could change it but then instantly it is a completely new set of outcomes developing. This is the concept of new timelines, and linked to the butterfly effect.

[@billferner6741]

@@brendanh8193 could be possible, yes. This is was most movies are showing. I got the idea b/o the video.

[@chuckintexas]

@@billferner6741 - which in some sense seems to describe what we're seeing all around us ! Well said - GOOD _CATCH_ !!

[@KP_Oz]

So novel, simply stunning. Made my day. Thank you Arvin Ash!🥰

[@blueflyer]

This video is amazing! The best I've seen talking about Time

[@PedroAmA]

Amazing video first Rime I hear about The link between time and entropy amazing thanks for the knowledge clever point of view

[@MitternachtAngel]

I like when he says "we don't know" because so many say we know things that we really have no clue.

[@mikemondano3624]

Those that do know are, wisely, not telling anyone about it. Some knowledge is dangerous.

[@mchevre]

@@mikemondano3624 lol so edgy and cryptic. Please, tell us Mike, what is this knowledge that is so dangerous that "those that do know" cannot tell us about it?

[@mikemondano3624]

@@mchevre Let's just say that there are things about our views of ourselves, essential for modern society to exist, that are not at all as they seem. But we must keep up the illusions. And things about the universe and our perceptions of it as well. The reason the "brain in a vat" question is so difficult to answer is that we are exactly that. David Hume is a start, Mach and Kant probably knew it all. Bishop Berkeley is being rehabilitated as the only explanation of some relativistic results (without his God). "Dangerous Knowledge" of another sort was a film that hinted at it all and the suicides that were so frequent. Some neuroscientists are staying mum about what they know or suspect. Much else is ineffable.

[@MegaSkills9]

@@mikemondano3624 Sorry Mike but that is an old saying, which has been wrong for as long as it's been around. All knowledge (on any subject) is good. The only danger is when people STOP learning more. It's your job to keep learning more every day to add to what you know about anything.

[@mikemondano3624]

@@MegaSkills9 Knowledge caused most of the world's tragedies and still does. It isn't real. It's just an analogy for reality, and often a poorly matched one.

[@danhaire3064]

Three thoughts. 1: What if time does run backwards and we don't know it? Time could be switching directions all the time, and if everything runs backwards, including our thoughts and memories, then we would never know it was running backwards at all. 2: I really like the idea that increasing entropy is what defines time. 'Time', as a human word, really represents our perception of this constantly changing state of the universe. It is only because we have consciousness and memory that we can perceive the change from one state of the universe to another state a moment later, and it is only because of our intelligence that we can reconstruct what past states of the universe have been. 3. I agree with your conclusion that in the end, when all energy in the universe has been equalised (so there is no more stored potential energy anywhere, be that gravitational, electrical, heat vs cold or whatever, then there would be no more energy exchange anywhere in the universe. Then, all future states would be the same as the present state, so time would be irrelevant. So I guess my conclusion on this one is that the universe is constantly moving from one state to another, and overall entropy is increasing. But time itself, is an intelligent being's perception of this change facilitated by consciousness and memory. Time only matters because we are here to witness it. If we weren't here to witness it, what would it matter?

[@guidedmeditation2396]

The eternal now is consistently updated at the speed of light. But in the end everything is light being contemplated at the speed of light. This is a calculation being continually updated 12 sextillion times per second. That is a 12 with 21 zeros behind it 12,000,000,000,000,000,000,000. When contemplating time, where you place your awareness or perspective is important. You will never be able to properly study time in the physical world because it is made possible in the nonphysical. It would be like trying to understand how a digital nature video is made possible by dissecting your computer monitor. Think of the physical world as being only a display monitor. Just as you cannot study consciousness by dissecting a human brain.

[@AlphaCentauri24]

Excellent points.

[@HarryHeck2020]

In the 'block time" theory, time runs in all directions at the same time, you can think of it as a 4th axis of space (in fact it's probably the first axis). Just like you can move through the other three axes, you are moving through the axis of time the same way. The whole structure of the universe is a multidimensional fractal that comes to life based on how you're moving through it. You can envision it like a kaleidoscope that just produces a universe as you turn it. In reality the fractal is basically just consciousness and your current experience is 'you'. It sounds like wu but it has some strong experimental evidence.

[@garytyme9384]

Lol. Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.

[@HarryHeck2020]

@@garytyme9384 Well, Einstein disagrees with your opinion. Hell, the satellites in orbit disagree with you. You tell the engineers that they don't have to adjust the clocks because you know how time works. Go on, tell em'... Pass those magnitudes to them, I'm sure it will work and all the satellites won't fall out of the sky... /sarcasm

[@GG-zv9ku]

Best video I have seen explaining this topic.

[@mikemollenhour5500]

I believe time is nothing more than our observation and perception of the relative rates at which natural processes occur.

[@joelalima6334]

I have a similar thought. Time is simply measured change.

[@geminisfl]

Time seems to exist even outside of our obervations. Time predates us, and it seems to keep going forward after we leave. And time bends and stretches with energy and mass, so I don't seem to be able to connect observation with it when it behaves so independently of us.

[@suecondon1685]

The heat death end of the universe made me think of Roger Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology theory, that the ending is in a similar low entropy state as what is thought to have existed at the beginning. Intriguing!

[@chriskennedy2846]

Great video - Arvin provides one of the best breakdowns of all of the possibilities that time could be. I heavily lean toward time just being emergent from the playing out of physical laws (entropy, etc...). I think it is as simple as that. Therefore it doesn't make sense to me to think time will run backwards. That would mean that physical laws would alter themselves in a non-sensical way for the sake of time running in the opposite direction. But that is highly unlikely since forward time really plays no role in the real physical laws that we see - forward time is just the playing out of those events while the laws themselves remain consistent and are the driving force every step of the way. One of the keys to expanding our understanding is a deep analysis of time dilation. Because only through understanding why clocks can run faster or slower will we be able to understand what makes them run to begin with. Having said that - all of the time dilation evidence we have so far (muon half-lives, GPS clocks, etc...) seems to point at the fact that each atom is its own personal clock which can be sped up or slowed down based on a change in its local environment. That is consistent with time being emergent from the playing out of repeating fundamental behaviors on the atomic/sub atomic level.

[@hyperduality2838]

Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@CountryBoyMakinNoise]

This explanation makes the idea of a multiverse so much more understandable. The possibilities are all there at the quantum level. But we only see the one chosen in our timeline.

[@coscinaippogrifo]

True... Let's not forget that it is an untested theory (very unlikely to be tested too!)

[@the6millionliraman]

I love this channel. Btw Roger Penrose already has a theory on why the heat death/big freeze is fundamentally indistinguishable from the conditions of the Big Bang (thermal equilibrium).

[@erawanpencil]

Roger says the 2nd law is thereby "transcended" at a new big bang, rather than being violated, which I like. It's almost as if the recording of information, or lack thereof, is the unspoken, implicit precondition of the 2nd law. The whole 'but outside the refrigerator', 'in the bigger picture' 'entropy is always increasing' notion has always seemed to me sort of an artificial imposition we put on reality rather than something intrinsic to it. We chose to and had the ability to step outside the fridge.

[@the6millionliraman]

@@erawanpencil At some point the universe just "forgets" (to use Penrose's term) that it has reached maximum entropy. At that point, it can't remember the difference between its current state and minimum entropy, because both states are in thermal equilibrium and essentially the same. Hence default reset to Big Bang.

[@dougieh9676]

Great explanation. I love thermal dynamics. More thermal dynamics please. ❤

[@animavideography1379]

Just in time for this Arvin great... 😁🙏

[@lmiones]

... and there is more: concept of Time depends on the Theory we are considering ... We sometimes omit saying that entropy is a probabilistic average of the quantity of information (like "mass of structure")... We should not worry thermic death: The Universe gets more complex (networks, vibration and resonance are key concepts to understand the quantum world) A stimulating presentation, thank you!

[@dc5189]

Arvinash you are amazing. Please do a video on time crystals. I'm fascinated by them and I'm a huge fan of yours I would love to gain a deeper understanding with your help thank you..

[@ArvinAsh]

I made a video on it here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nn3Ok4mqitOCZ7s

[@picksalot1]

Time is a "definition" for the configuration of Existence: Present, Past, or Future. Those three are defined in terms of Entropy. And since Entropy has a tendency to increase, there is an expectation/bias that time is moving. In reality, it is always the Present, and the change in Entropy defines what we consider to be Present, Past, or Future.

[@danscott1126pix]

The present includes the past as it projects itself into the future,which of course automatically becomes the present,physically. I see the infinite past as the force of expansion and the present is the 2-D membrane that separates the 3-D present from the 4-D future. We process a limited amount of information to define the past and present,selecting from an infinite universe of information that totally ignores entropy. We, as conscious information processors are the force that creates order in the conditional processes of entropy which are not conscious but still follow the laws of physics and the law of cause and effect. Cosmic Momentum. Time is Motion...expanding toward an imagined future or contracting into the solid past. No motion...no time.

[@cristianproust]

@@danscott1126pix If time is motion, how can it pass at different rates in 2 different points? (as in any gravitational field). If you see a character in the screen of a videogame, is it really moving?, or are just pixels that turn on and off with different colors and you interpret movement?. How can time be motion and be remotely consistent with Relativity?. If it was that simple, dude

[@PlzPr3sspl4y]

I came here to say something like this. It seems to me that time is an illusion brought about by human memory, this illusion persists because of our imagination and our language - the way we talk about time keeps the illusion alive. In reality, past and future are always *imagined* ; we 'remember' the past and we 'visualize' the future *always* in the present.

[@hyperduality2838]

Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@danscott1126pix]

@@cristianproust The velocity of NOW is infinite. Time is relative to a rate of perception. Fast or slow or even looping time depend on perception by a consciousness.

[@thanasisathanasiou6362]

Bam, that was beautiful. The observation of 'entropy' being related to and not nescessarily the cause of time; really brought the whole thing together. P.s. beautifully consice explanation of time

[@Robert_McGarry_Poems]

Same!!! I was going to say this.

[@thanasisathanasiou6362]

@@Robert_McGarry_Poems great minds 😉🤓

[@florincoter1988]

This is not an explanation of time, as no one knows what time is. Hence, cannot be explained.

[@thanasisathanasiou6362]

@@florincoter1988 no, it is, listen again

[@panayiotisyannopoulos2668]

Then time travel to past is possible but improbable also? Yet it means the universe to time travel for the past to be ther in the first place to visit , impossible as reality ?

[@vintagelady1]

You have the gift of making the incomprehensible simple. I am eternally (if there is such a thing!) astonished at your ability to explain the intricacies of physics both classical & quantum, to someone like me, who has so little background but so much fascination. After every one of your videos, I can think, "I get it!'

[@user-wz4kx8vq2y]

Great presentations Arvin! Please explain entanglement, thanks all!

[@ArvinAsh]

This may answer your question: kzbin.info/www/bejne/q5_FkKyln5aIqc0

[@aliawan9595]

1) I must say that this is most amazing video on this topic i have ever watched. Kudos to your commendable efforts sir... 2) I'm not preaching but it has been taught in my religion that one day time will stop forever. Maybe this is the time when entropy of universe becomes so much high to stop the time. Thank you

[@garytyme9384]

Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.

[@mal2ksc]

This sounds like a well-described interpretation of "Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once".

[@BritishBeachcomber]

True. At the instant of the big bang, everything did happen at once and in the same place. Space-time started during the inflationary stage and ever since, things have become too far apart to influence each other.

[@djgenetic111]

Time is nature's way to filter reality, so that our brains can process it.

[@josephshawa]

@@BritishBeachcomber I think the point is that everything does happen at once... The whole program in every possible variation exists. Time is what emerges within the computation and is just as much an illusion as the infinite mathematical space that contains it

[@nicku1]

Time is an illusion perpetrated by the manufacturers of space.

[@jesseaustin2438]

Please, read my comments on this video on Hawthorne Hill Nature Preserve comment or just look up other comments on this channel, and my comments on ScienceClic English's channel and on channel Doughtinator 's vid f1 red bull vs rc car. Very cool. It is amazing. I solved this stuff and created scifi movie idea, Psy V Cy aka psychics vs cyborgs.

[@ntak7716]

What’s brilliant about this video is it’s simplicity in explaining the very complex scientific principles of time and entropy.You are a great communicator Arvin.

[@miker2585]

Awesome explanation, as always. Thank you

[@CamiloSanchez1979]

I like the theory of time being an ever continuing wave collapse. It seems the logical answer to time. Gravity might affect the speed of the wave collapse.

[@twilightcapers]

Yes, apparently time slows down the closer you are to earth, or a source of gravity. See The Science Asylum video on the subject. "The REAL source of Gravity may SURPRISE you" kzbin.info/www/bejne/fGazl52phcl1sMk

[@CorvusHyperion]

Gravity doesn't actually exist in the way we think it does, also the wave that is collapsing is a wave of probability, I can't see that being affected by 'gravity' per se.

[@jefflgoguen]

I love your videos, always inspire thought! So saying “the past is classical and the future is quantum” seems the same as measuring a quantum particle - they’re all probabilities until they’re measured (observed), at which point they collapse into a classical state. So the quantum future collapses into a classical past when observed via the present.

[@Twizzstar]

My thoughts were something like "Presents is that moment when particles leave their superposition threw observation" Bad english, sorry. It isnt my native language. I hope you get what I mean :D

[@DiscoStfu]

The end there where he postulates if time exists at the heat death of the universe kinda blew my mind I'd never considered or heard of that concept

[@garytyme9384]

Quantum... lol. Quantum or quanta = quantity. Quantum does not exist singularly, collectively, or in consubstantiality. Quantum is a related term of quantity. As a noun quantum is quantity i.e., a fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denomination. Also, Time is the passing of magnitudes... THAT'S ALL!!! You all must be idiots to think otherwise. Moreover, time - just like space - cannot be bent, time cannot be reversed, sped up, or slowed down. Get a grip people and use the brain you were born with.

[@goodisanoun]

Reminds me oh Robert Pirsig's Metaphysics of Quality as described in Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance and the follow up book Lila, where he talks about Dynamic and Static Quality.

[@nadeemaleem2713]

Good videos. I think energy conversion is not the energy death and the byproduct can be useful sometimes.

[@jeanpaulcouetil7145]

I love watching your videos Arvin. They are so clear even my grand mother could understand all your explanations! Thank you so much. Regarding the reversibility of time in quantum mechanics , I think there is a possibility for the time to be a one way ticket and the diagrams to me don’t prove the symmetry. When a particule decays in two particles, we will never prove that it’s the same two particules which can transform in one same particle. They are identical but not the same! So the reaction is irreversible. Tanks for your reply Arvin. I am not a physicist, just a French amateur. Jean-Paul

[@vincedrymond3174]

Time is nature's way of making sure everything doesn't happen at once.

[@KK-pq6lu]

Arvin, the concept of time only exists through an image….time is not a continuous linear function, it is a replay of a recorded sequence of events. Two particles that pass by each other without interaction…..a particle itself knows nothing about time. Entropy, energy, temperature are all merely model constructs that are useful engineering tools. They are not actual real things. They obscure the real physics of our universe.

[@andreya9776]

@@vincedrymond3174 Terry!!!!!

[@MrNicePotato]

It is by definition undetectable whether there is a hidden “tag” of identity in every particle that tracks if they are the “same”. Every particle in your body could be instantaneously switched with some other identical particle and every thing would just work exactly the same. Therefore this does not prove anything. When physicists say something is reversible, they only mean the physical laws don’t forbid something to happen exactly the same backwards. They don’t mean to literally get back the specific electron called “Martin” back in time.

[@pterafirma]

​@@MrNicePotato - All that is correct, but suppose a process thought to be one-way is observed to happen in reverse... Then _that_ is the course of events, it is simply the way things play out, not "time running backward". If sweeping the fragments of a broken vase caused it to unexpectedly reassemble in 0.85 seconds, it would still be 0.85 seconds _later,_ not earlier. Time is "forward" only by definition, irrespective of which direction a process runs.

[@CaliforniaBushman]

"Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening at once." - Woody Allen

[@spactick]

who says it's not happening at once?

[@annaclarafenyo8185]

@@spactick That question does not even make sense to ask, as it has no meaning. That's one of the first lessons of logical positivism.

[@edsnotgod]

@@spactick my lottery ticket

[@nullbeyondo]

Nope. Nothing would happen without time cause physics depend on it in order for "events" to happen. "Once" doesn't even make sense when `time` is the argument. The quote is misleading.

[@spactick]

@@senpaixd1346 wrong, sorry to bust your bubble Senpai but the 'future' is fantasy, the past is what we've experienced and the present is what we're experiencing while we're discussing the former and latter.

[@alfredoaraujo7756]

Beautiful definitions “over time “!

[@BretFromPhilly]

If you study the information equation, this makes sense: It's called "information entropy" And I had similar thoughts myself about the flow of time resolving uncertainty. I thought about the weather forecast 10 days from now. It gets more accurate the closer you get to that day, and then finally, "It rained 3PM yesterday"

[@3-dwalkthroughs]

Hi Arvin, your efforts here are appreciated, as you present different opinions regarding time. The most solid point after watching, was the first one..Nobody knows what time really is.. the definition you say physics offers, is in essence, time is a "process" that allows us to know in the present, what happened in the past, seems more philosophical and value based, rather than an objective definition. Another value based statement was 11.24 "'the light bulb in your home is converting useful electricity into less useful light and heat". Hmm ...Scientific speculation usually avoids like the plague, the issue of purpose. Perhaps that is because purpose is a subjective value, rather than the impersonal objectivity science aims for. But how knowledge and science is understood and utilized, IS very subjective. The light bulb which allows for heat and light (perhaps to read and study by) is utilizing electricity for a purpose, which actually gives electricity more value than just electricity without purposeful utilization. Although we know what electricity is, we don't really see electricity - we see its effects. Time is similar; we see it's effects, not time itself. What if personal utilization of time, is what gives time it's value, rather than assigning it as a "process" of drudgery, such as measuring it from point A to B, which informs us in the present, how long it took a piece of fruit to rot in the past. An objective truth is: for each person, time subjectively flows forward, from the point of one's birth, to point of one's death - and how one spends and utilizes that measure of time, helps determine it's value and importance, more so perhaps than deciding it's as causality or not, as related to quantum theory and entropy. When science postures itself as considering analytical speculation it's supreme goal - ignoring positive purpose and utilization of it's powerful discoveries - abuse of power can fill the vacuum left by absence of proper use of knowledge which yields power, and proper ethical considerations. Oppenheimer in a reflective moment after viewing the first atomic bomb detonation, quoted Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita: "Time I am, the great destroyer of worlds, and I have come to engage all people" Time is cyclic, marking beginnings, and endings. Take any point on a circle - if you move forward following the arc, you will end at the same place you started. Following the arc of time in a cycle, from birth to death, the "process" of time marks one's activities of past at the present moment of death - which simultaneously marks the starting of the new life cycle and forward arc revealing the unknown future (but influenced by the past (karma) according to Gita philosophy). Described in the philosophy of the Gita also, is the explanation that conscious energy never dies, it simply changes form. How to get free from the influence of time and the cycle of birth and death, is also discussed by OG Sri Krishna ;-) Lastly - although used and originating in a different context, a trending slogan as of late is: "Future proves past." Hmm... Food for thought on many levels. Thanks.

[@timfahey7127]

I just want to say I read this all. Well said 👍.

[@nifedavidawosanmi3415]

"Time in your refrigerator runs forward, if you don't believe me, place a watch inside and see what happens". Took me out totally

[@Justin73791]

I tried it, and he was right.

[@noelrodrigues8179]

I am 20 years old studying EE Degree. I like your videos and i am proud to say that i understand most part of quantum physics even though I just learnt classical physics in 12th all thanks to u 🤞

[@afkhan7189]

Thats really a great presentation

[@OzAndyify]

I like the "crystal in a snowstorm" model, where the 3D universe is the growing edge of a 4D torus, and the Planck snowstorm "outside" is all pre-time. Time's "direction" is the surface normal, and is always one "bit" per "layer", ie. C. Standard model particles would be flaws in the lattice with the corresponding 4D symmetries and with convergent patterns to make mass. Other flaws would be filled in, creating divergence and effecting the expansion of the torus (Dark energy). The now-front may be fuzzy, with non-locked bits still free in pre-time until they get fully locked into now...this could explain some QM weirdness? I guess I'm fixed on a visual metaphor, and am probably way off, but it's fun! Finding the right lattice rules, and a way to map the result back to our current math framework is a challenge...and a bucket-load of compute cycles and memory.

[@JamesCairney]

That sounds like E8

[@nenmaster5218]

@@JamesCairney Best social commentary i know: Hbomberguy. Just sayin'.

[@robertpowser5624]

Loved how you explain things!! obviously there was a time on this planet where we did not exist and time progressed until we did exist so I think if we were not here it would continue to progress. Thanks again thanks for what you do!

[@K162KingPin]

Time existed before the universe and it will exist long after the last atom fizzles out of existence. Time is not a thing. It is a unit of measurement. It can no more be created or destroyed than the concept of the number zero. We name these concepts in our various languages and attempt to define them but they were always there and always will be.

[@Scanini]

@@K162KingPin Excellent answer.

[@Ordinal_Yoda]

Figured I'd share. Usually denoted with the letter "k" in formulae, as in the formula F = k·x, where "F" is the force applied and "x" is the displacement. springConstant=force/displacement k=F/x = naturalFrequency = squareRoot(springConstant/mass) ww=k/m = w=2pHertz = ww=(F/x)/m m=F/(wwx) = m=F/((2ph)(2ph)x) m=F/(4ppxhh) = F=ma a=(4ppxhh) Therefore, the SI unit of acceleration is the meter per second squared or (ms−2). Gives the definition of the meter as Meter=4ppx = BaseDisplacement=Meter/(4pp)

[@runalongnowhoney]

It is entirely possible that time alternates between forward and backward contantly, perhaps even pausing between the change of direction. Since we are embedded in it, we would never be able to detect these shifts in direction. It appears that time is moving forward, however, this might only be the cumulative total of the forward and backwards movement, with perhaps just a tiny fraction more forward than backward.

[@michaelbailey9549]

Hello Arvin! great video as always, i keep coming back to it. I was wondering, if entropy is caused by time, how does gravity affect entropy?

[@ArvinAsh]

Gravity does not directly affect entropy. But gravity could affect it indirectly, for example if a falling body through the air increases temperature due to friction, this could increase entropy.

[@afiaibnat3572]

@@ArvinAsh as the general reletivity says that that time gets slower closer to gravitational pull...so does the entropy also gets slower closer to gravitational pull

[@darenmiller2218]

@@ArvinAsh time is directly affected by gravity correct? Perhaps the answer lies with a full understanding of how gravity works.

[@targeted-individualdallas-9963]

@@darenmiller2218 yeah bro that's why quantum gravity will forever be solved on a classified level and simultaneously always be unsolved on a commercial level. As much power is wielded by this understanding to those who host such. They can literally manipulate any point of time and nobody would ever know.

[@bobblacka918]

Arvin Ash is an absolute genius. Best explanation of time ever. The reason Newton's laws of motion work at all is because they describe what happens after the collapse of the wave function. Stated another way, Newton's laws describe the position of a particle accurately only when the probability wave function is tightly squeezed together, i.e. with little variation. Where Newton's laws fall apart is when the probability function flattens out, so the probability function is now spread out and not as well defined, for example where there are competing gravitational fields. And that is why Newton's laws predict the future in some systems pretty well, but fail in other instances. Time has nothing to do with it. The probability function is everything.

[@jaspwetering2528]

This video, the comments, and a few previous discussions about time and entropy have led me, just now, to finally understand the position that time is strictly a human construct. In fact, entropy is simply increasing because it has to, and we build and wind clocks so that we have something to plot that process against. Huh. Now to figure out how to control entropy. I suppose the best we can hope for is to stop it locally and start up again after everybody else's entropy has increased...thereby travelling forward in "time" from my perspective. But then....wouldn't I have travelled backwards in time from their perspective? Gonna sleep on that.

[@anoopkvpoduval]

Food for thought : If I keep a watch correctly inside a refrigerator, it will stop, in 2 ways. One if it's correctly cooled, the chaos (a spring or battery) will eventually stop functioning. 2.it will be cut off from external supply of energy (battery change, charging, winding) will stop.

[@ndlsjk]

The feeling I had when he mentioned heat death of the universe and I was already thinking "what happens when everything turns to heat" but hadn't made the connection yet....very nice.

[@Science_insights4u]

Heat can dissipate into unuseful energy in space . Best example: sun ( what happing to the heat/light that not reaching the planets)

[@shutupimlearning]

my mind is completely blown after this video..... never thought of the relation between entropy and time as cause and effect

[@glenn07777]

Hi Arvin. Great video as always. It would be helpful, perhaps in another video, to stress the difference between the thermodynamical entropy dS= deltaQ/T (Q being heat, T the temperature and delta the inexact differential operator, d the exact differential) and informational entropy as the mean value of self-information on a sample space. These two entropies are indeed connected but they are not identical.

[@ArvinAsh]

Great suggestion!

[@michaelvalentino2349]

Great video. One question I have is, In the car example for instants, is the biproduct coming out the tail pipe really less useful or only less useful as far as we can tell?

[@ArvinAsh]

It's less useful for doing work.

[@AlaskanVillager]

Good stuff 👍🏾, Thank You

[@daveanderson718]

Arvin, congrats on another simple, evocative and highly informative video. As all the comments below also confirm.

[@dimitrispapadimitriou5622]

Very interesting subject (and video): The arrow of time and its relation with entropy, and also the other topic about quantum vs classical. A few years ago, I heard Freeman Dyson hypothesizing that the past is definite and, so, classical ( if there are records of quantum measurements outcomes), but the future is yet indefinite and, so, "quantum", and that intuition seemed to me strikingly impressive back then. Lee Smolin elaborates on these ideas ( and he explicitly refers to these older ideas from Heisenberg, Dyson and others) and connects these with his own ideas about the fundamental nature of time. There are also similar ideas ( about irreversibility) in some "Objective Reduction (collapse)" theories that are modifications of standard QM. These alternative theories are testable, so in a few years we will, maybe, know more...

[@annaclarafenyo8185]

These are not ideas, these are words strung together. To make them into ideas, you need to formulate them the logical positivist way.

[@ab8jeh]

@@annaclarafenyo8185 not everything is to do with your knowledge of the same big two words.

[@annaclarafenyo8185]

@@ab8jeh Not everything, no. But without this foundation, you will find yourself listening to nonsense like this video and not understanding Einstein or any future scientific work. The foundation of 20th century physics is logical positivism, this is the founding philosophy that allowed the ideas to get straightened out. Once you understand the theory of meaning, you stop asking nonsense questions. I remember once when someone named "Abian" wrote an equation "1/t + 1/log(M) = 1 abian", expressing the 'obvious' fact that the universe's mass must be decreasing because "it takes energy to push time forward". Oh, it doesn't? Why not?

[@OnlyPenguian]

If Smolin's paper is correct, then why is the Many Worlds interpretation of Quantum Mechanics consistent? In the Many Worlds interpretation, wave functions do not collapse. I also see the idea of interference between histories as being inconsistent with the idea of the past being classical. Consider Schrodinger's cat, when the box is still unopened. If the past is strictly classical, then how can the box presently be in a superposition of states?

[@dimitrispapadimitriou5622]

@@OnlyPenguian If Smolin's ideas ( or other alternatives like Penrose's or GRW " Objective / Physical collapse " theories ) are correct about the distinction between past and future ( and the definitive nature of quantum measurements' outcomes ), then the Many Worlds interpretation is on the wrong side, because, as you said, in MWI there is no physical collapse of the wavefunction, only branching of worlds when decoherence occurs. It is still an open question which is the correct way of thinking about quantum mechanics. By the way, the splitting of the worlds in MWI happens ( in Schrödinger's cat scenario) before an observer opens the box, because environmental decoherence happens very quickly for macroscopic systems. In the case of the " Objective reduction" theories, the collapse of the wavefunction happens, also , very quickly, so we have only one definitive outcome.

[@SpiritverseOfficial]

What about Syntropy?

[@bepeacefulinde6389]

Hi, first of all, thanks for this beautiful video! I was thinking recently on time. However, I don't have much knowledge in physics. I have some knowledge on Newtonian mechanics. I was quite surprised to observe the nature of time. I might be wrong, but wanted to share how time appeared to me, it is given below: 1. Time doesn't exist as the other quantities exist, like mass, energy. 2. Time is more like a dimension, like X, Y, Z. Dimensions are invisible, but if we put an object in a space, and if we consider a measuring system (e.g, Cartesian system), then we can obtain some quantitative measure of that object. Object is visible, but dimensions are not. 2. Time is used to describe appearance of events. But time is not the cause of any events, i.e, any happening depends on certain cause/s, but time is none of the causes. However, if time is considered to describe an event (any event), it can give information about the progression of that event, although time is not the cause of the event. 3. If there is no cause, there will be no happening of events. Universe will stop. Time will stop. Time depends on occurrence of events, but occurrence events don't depend on time. I don't know, if it is making sense, at all! My knowledge is limited, but I was trying to think on time, I arrived at this.

[@dinozaurpickupline4221]

Time is a false concept The clock measures the motion of earth relative to sun to our motion & actions The initial stages of big bang or cyclic universe & The final stages of the end of universe would that be same at entropic level is a question I still have trouble That would mean that our whole existence is a blurp in the system of entropy But is our consciousness part of that system Since entropy doesn't compensate for consciousness or observation

[@Prasannakumar-yk7bf]

I feel that time does not exist. It is man made to explain things sort of meridians as you explained. It is a psylogical block like death. Hard for people to really accept. However much we think that death is certain we don't accept this fact completely.

[@humblebrag]

I think you just explained quite perfectly why time moves faster as we get older. The link between information and entropy. Oh, and somehow time.... bravo

[@ApePostle]

Time doesn’t move faster it is the perception of time as a unit relative to our age. Think about a 5 year old; for one year to pass that is 20% of their life, quite significant! While a 20 year old; one year only represents 5% of their life. Hence as we get older, the years feels faster and faster

[@humblebrag]

@@ApePostle Yeah, I always liked that theory too. I think V Sauce had a video about it many years ago

[@hyperduality2838]

Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@shootsbraw]

Goddamn this is the best channel on KZbin. Also, the animator here is underappreciated!

[@KineticSymphony]

The animations are great, but what I keep wondering is just how precise the communications must be between Arvin and the animator for the end-result to be so accurately demonstrative. The animator must end up understanding physics better than Arvin in the end, heh.

[@ArvinAsh]

Thanks. Yes, I have great animators on the team, that never complain about what I ask them to do. But it is a process that requires a lot of planning, storyboarding, multiple edits and revisions. I drive the team crazy because I'm never satisfied.

[@nathanm.8823]

This channel is definitely worthy of praise but there's got to be a less blasphemous way to do so. 🤔

[@streameant]

Thanks for the videos

[@danielduarte5073]

Inspiring discussion. Looking forward to more. Is information preserved after black hole evaporation from the history of the black hole because of recorded information and or entropy up to the evaporation moment. Simply put does entropy protect information of the past including back hole information? Therefore, is quantum entanglement is preserved by the second law of thermodynamics?

[@ChristosapherDre]

I love thinking about things like you brought up at the end. For time to freeze like this, I think it would have to happen by the proton completely decaying. Pretty much everything being gone. This thought did bother me, it is depressing to think about! So I try to think that it could be a lot crazier then that! That when you have this perfect entropy, that while time would stop, so too would also things like scale, temperature, anything that could be measured. So that the second that time stops, you have another singularity. It wouldn't be hot, but it also wouldn't be cold either. It wouldn't be measurable.

[@flawmore]

I've thought the same, and I would like to add another idea of mine ^^ Since nothing exist anymore, neither does the scale of anything. This massive void that used to be our universe, could fit in the needle of an eye, or an atom - since there is nothing to compare to. And the slightest act of entropy in this space could act like a.... big bang. Maybe this is what happened to our universe at the start. It exploded from the "small" space of a former universe.

[@flufflesss]

What do you mean, by scale, would disappear? Wouldn't the universe have space after time is gone?

[@scottl5000]

Extremely compelling and informative video Arvin. I am not easy to please. Well done! I'm watching, thinking, and considering what we can do with time. Interestingly, is even the effort to study time, write papers about it, do videos is contributing to entropy? If all our energy is put into this, then we are in a death race to figure out how to bring lower entropy before too much information takes us to a state of such high entropy that it is statistically impossible to win the race. The more we race, the faster we lose. We need to side step this. Run the race from both ends, at the microcosm or macrocosm at the same time. Trap time. It's seemingly elastic (via mass). Mass can be applied to ultimately un-randomize other mass through distortion of time (measured as gravity). Perhaps a relatively low amount of energy can be used to create mass from a common medium, such as light, thus creating protonic mass, and artificially start attraction of non-photonic mass and thus reduce entropies. Since nothing is lost in this universe forever, then in theory entropies should be reducible... before it's too late for us lowly carbon lifeforms to do so. Also, aren't black holes already reducing entropy? Am I mixing my metaphors?

[@Lightningflamingice]

black holes increase entropy when they consume mass because their surface area increases, as pointed out by Stephen Hawking.

[@zacimusprime4865]

That was confusing and complicated but he made me understand it pretty easily wow 🤩

[@EEPhD]

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle says that we cannot measure the position (x) and the momentum (p) of a particle with absolute precision. This also means that we cannot absolutely predict the future, but we can absolutely predict the past. Does this force a forward time vector.?

[@bayloch]

This was such an exceptional video. I feel like I almost have a handle on the concept of entropy now. Quantum future becoming classical past via the present ... adding more information, disorder, entropy to the universe. Thanks so much for this channel Arvin. You explain complex subjects amazingly well. 👍

[@vincentb5119]

Could it also be that the tendency towards higher entropy by 'nature' is actually the universe's unique way of maintaining order? Think for example how 'chaotic' our perceptible world would be if everything happens at the same time all the time. Entropy therefore is chaotic order.

[@farhaankazi7134]

I like the way he explain complex scientific theories and fact by simplifying them and make them more understandable. Hence we enjoy his video and increase our scientific knowledge.

[@franklipsky3396]

"Nobody knows what time really is" BS!!! Ask anyone if they can describe any event- past -present -or future not involving a clock of some type .The most exact measure of (event) time requires using a photon(s) NATURES FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANT.Since a photon has no mass but does have energy and momentum ,any measurment using a photon will disturb the observed objects position! Hence the Heisenberg uncertainty principle follows from my preceding discussion w/o invoking quantum mechanics i.e Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle

[@handerp3750]

all with a sick toque on!

[@sammyjones3500]

A black hole swallows matter. Is that entropy?

[@Mick0722MX]

@@franklipsky3396 What are you talking about? Time is measured motion, nothing more.

[@franklipsky3396]

@@Mick0722MX MICK :DEFINE MOTION OF ATOMS AS E.G. (ELeCTRON AROUND NUCLEUS) HOW WOULD YOU MEASURE IT?

[@stephenmorton8017]

you can derive an equation for time by using Einstein's E=MC^2 and substituting D/T for C and solving for T. the speed of light is is a velocity which is Distance over Time. D/T

[@j.k24]

a near death experience, the information of your whole life flashes before your observing eyes, you get to see the timeless state

[@Natsukashii-Records]

My biggest realization was that time and space have the exact same relationship/symetry as kinetic and potential energy. It's like a spatial dimension we move through at the speed of light and we tap into that potential speed to gain normal movement through space by sacrificing a bit of our speed through time.

[@hermes_logios]

Potential energy is a fiction we use to predict the future. Neither potential energy nor the future are strictly real.

[@vibaj16]

@@hermes_logios We use potential energy to make the conservation of energy hold true, making our equations work for Newtonian physics

[@Natsukashii-Records]

@@hermes_logios So, when I lift an object up a slope by inserting kinetic energy to it does the energy vanish into the ether and when I let the object go it conjures it back from the void?

[@hermes_logios]

@@Natsukashii-Records Gravity is not a force. It's a quantum effect.

[@Natsukashii-Records]

@@hermes_logios I never said it was a force so, kinda random to mention. But, if gravity is a quantum effect then it's a force. If it's not, then it's just the geometry of spacetime.

[@lennartlopin2276]

Ah, towards the very end I hoped Dr Roger Penrose’s Conformal Cyclical cosmology would have received a mention - it was definitely set up for it. Thank you for the very lucid explanations!

[@sachiekat1238]

Thank you for creating new synapses in my brain

[@Tomn8er]

The best explanation I ever heard is that time is simply _movement_ _through_ _space_ . Think about it. The only way we can measure time is via movement, be it the hands on a clock, the passage of the sun through the sky, etc. It's why whenever they stop time in movies, everything freezes in place. Because without movement time is totally irrelevant since nothing changes and one moment is identical to the next. That's why it's inextricably linked to 3D space and physicists lump it together into 4D "spacetime".

[@Impatient_Ape]

1:18 A point of possible confusion. In the observable world, when an electron and positron collide to annihilate, they always produce TWO or more photons, not one as shown here. This is because they always conserve *both* energy and momentum. The diagram shown here represents a sub-component of a more complicated multi-diagram for a more complicated process which isn't fully shown. However, even in these sub-diagrams, where we hide temporary violations of conservation of energy inside of the uncertainty principle, the mathematical terms for each Feyman vertex/branch diagram do NOT mandate a particular direction for time.

[@GouthamR013]

Ok you made your point just calm down😂😂

[@peterlonzel5639]

In fact, but for a Newtonian limitation in our observation of quantum collapse, we would see that collapse in and of itself, is not finite, but infinite, as is the nature of quantum wave - thus, the incidence of collapse, produces not a finite set of one or two photons ~ but rather an infinite resultant set therein... A seeming violation of the conservation of mass and energy... however, the limiting scientific concept of conservation of energy and momentum, while valid within the context of a universal model based on finite dimension and energy, is inherently flawed and is transcended once we look more deeply at the nature of quantum collapse and wave: we discover that within the finest particle element of wave, is found the collapse of the infinite span of wave, and to infinite chain of consciousness therein... similarly, the idea of uncertainty, while valid within the limited framework of a finite universal model based on finite fabric of existence, must ultimately yield to the greater reality of infinite* existence, wherein all is wave, and wave, the essence of the infinite chain of consciousness of all existence collapsed upon itself to infinite degree: ... within the essence of a singular moment in time, can be found the collapse of all moments of time in their entirety ... thus the illusion of uncertainty and chance is transcended, as without the illusion of past, present and future, the possible or probable no longer have meaning, and we experience the ubiquitous all encompassing reality of now...

[@Impatient_Ape]

Vapid logorrhea.

[@veronicats100]

This is one of your best. Very thought provoking and essentially an exercise in pleasure. Really enjoyed this one.

[@hyperduality2838]

Average information is entropy (p * ln p). Entropy is converted into mutual information or entangled entropy or correlated information (syntropy). Syntropy (predictions, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of themrodynamics! Making predictions to track targets and goals (objectives) is a syntropic process -- teleological. Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy). The future is dual to the past synthesizes the present or the now -- time duality. "Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force). "Always two there are" -- Yoda.

[@CoolDudeClem]

Time is something I never have enough of when I need it, and too much of when I don't.

[@HowToWithCraig]

Fun, interesting, thought provoking. Thank you! Is entropy the reason I sometimes have one less sock after doing laundry?

[@davidreidenberg9941]

Pin them together before you throw them into the wash.

[@geminisfl]

Information is never destroyed.... neither the socks. So your socks are probably inside a black hole somewhere.