Scientists Discover What Turned Venus Into Hell, and Why Earth Survived

[@Temp0raryName]

Meanwhile a Venetian KZbinr is asking the question "What Turned Earth into a Frozen Hell, and Why Venus Survived"

[@hq21]

A Venusian might ask that question. A Venetian KZbinr would probably be asking the question "What turned everyone else's city streets bone dry?".

[@BasePuma4007]

Maybe those Venusians look at Earth and it's liquid water the way we look at Titan's liquid methane lakes.

[@aste4949]

@@BasePuma4007 I dunno man, I've been to Venice and the Venetians seemed to regard Earth's water even more favorably than I do. Venusians, on the other hand? It's a cool "what if" idea!

[@BasePuma4007]

@@aste4949 I feel like a fool now, thank you.

[@BrokenCurtain]

@@hq21 Thanks for making me laugh. 😅

[@A.Martin]

We also have plate tectonics which Venus does not have. So the plate tectonics helps relieve the pressure of the mantle on the crust gradually. On Venus it builds up and then you get the much larger volcanic eruptions, the Large Igneous Provinces.

[@A.Martin]

Our Oceans also help remove CO2 and also they lubricate the plate Techtonics.

[@kaws8778]

7:02

[@paulfri1569]

Plate tectonics happen also because of having a big moon also..

[@memoofjacoboarbenzjuanarev9724]

This also is great evidence to support that life much less intelligent life is a one off thing and not something that can be made in a tube.

[@theeclectic2919]

Who knew a cracked egg was better than a whole egg?

[@renesoucy3444]

You should've pointed out that the rotational speed of Venus is quite strange and that maybe only a catastrophic planetary impact caused Venus to almost stop rotating contrary to Earth where a same catastrophic event accelerated its rotational speed instead, alloying its impactor to release the stuff that created the Moon.

[@stevenbaumann8692]

It also rotates in the opposite direction. It's a cool thought. Unfortunately there's zero evidence beyond that. It may even have had a moon that crashed into the surface hundreds of millions of years after its formation. But we have no way of knowing that. Yet.

[@renesoucy3444]

@@stevenbaumann8692 Maybe Venus absorbed all the violent energy of the collision and had to swallow the impactor then spent hundreds of millions of years cooling off while Earth only suffer a partial hit and didn't absorb so much energy as Venus did, maybe. Just another thought, is it possible that the density of an atmosphere could start to also conduct the coldness of space and start to freeze it? Like an rapid rise of methane gas and carbon dioxide both containing carbon atoms increasing the density and the temperature conductivity of the atmosphere?

[@stevenbaumann8692]

@@renesoucy3444 who knows. It's possible. The CO2 thick atmosphere is likely due to the fact that Venus has no hydrologic cycle to remove it and lock it in the rocks. So it stays in the atmosphere.

[@e1n17g13l1i14sh]

@@renesoucy3444 no not possible. Space isn’t cold in the way a block of ice is where if you touch it you get get conducted away from you - there is nothing there to conduct heat, just empty space.

[@renesoucy3444]

@@e1n17g13l1i14sh Environ 1 970 000 000 résultats (0,47 secondes) Résultats de recherche d'images pour « Is space cold » Space is very, very cold. The baseline temperature of outer space is 2.7 kelvins (opens in new tab) - minus 454.81 degrees Fahrenheit, or minus 270.45 degrees Celsius - meaning it is barely above absolute zero, the point at which molecular motion stops. But this temperature is not constant throughout the solar system.16 avr. 2022

[@1818kitten]

Thank you for making such high quality videos with such consistency. This is one of the best channels on KZbin

[@theharshtruthoutthere]

Do not worrie, GOD IS ALWAYS ON TIME. And CHRIST shall return again . The only reason He haven't come yet, is because you are still unsaved, GOD calls you home also: 2 Peter 3:9chapter context similar meaning copy save The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. John 3:15chapter context similar meaning copy save That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life. Every time you worried and complain that GOD haven´t returned yet, ask these question from yourself; HAVEN'T I GOTTEN SAVED YET? DID I CAME TO REPENTANCE? Acts 17:30chapter context similar meaning copy save And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: The time is ticking, place your hand on your chest, on that side where your heart is, can you feel it, the pumping inside your chest? Can you hear you heart beating? - your heart, dear soul is the clock of your lifetime. Rapture is real-life event soon to take place. So is TRIBULATION, 7 dark long and cold years of evil. In the rapture, that is only a moment long: all who dared to have faith and trust in GOD, shall be changed from carnal to SPIRIT and shall be taken up to meet the lord in the air. They will not taste death. Luke 21:36chapter context similar meaning copy save Watch ye therefore, and pray always, that ye may be accounted worthy to escape all these things that shall come to pass, and to stand before the Son of man. 1 Thessalonians 5:17 “Pray without ceasing.” Bible verses related to The Rapture from the King James Version (KJV) by Relevance - Sort By Book Order 1 Thessalonians 4:17 - Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. Luke 17:34-37 - I tell you, in that night there shall be two men in one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. (Read More...) 1 Thessalonians 4:16 - For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Revelation 3:10 - Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. Mark 13:32 - But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father. Matthew 24:29-31 - Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: (Read More...) 1 Corinthians 15:52 - In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. Daniel 12:1-2 - And at that time shall Michael stand up, the great prince which standeth for the children of thy people: and there shall be a time of trouble, such as never was since there was a nation even to that same time: and at that time thy people shall be delivered, every one that shall be found written in the book. (Read More...) 1 Thessalonians 5:9 - For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ, Matthew 24:31 - And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. Luke 12:40 - Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of man cometh at an hour when ye think not. Romans 10:9 - That if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved. Revelation 20:2-5 - And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, (Read More...) 1 Thessalonians 5:2 - For yourselves know perfectly that the day of the Lord so cometh as a thief in the night. Matthew 24:42 - Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. Luke 17:34 - I tell you, in that night there shall be two men in one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. 2 Thessalonians 2:3-7 - Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; (Read More...) Mark 13:32-37 - But of that day and that hour knoweth no man, no, not the angels which are in heaven, neither the Son, but the Father. (Read More...) Matthew 24:27 - For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.

[@blythewarland5459]

Before I watch it, I always thought the fact that we have a huge moon and it’s gravitational force acting on the magma just like the oceans means the friction created has helped to keep it molten. This means we have kept our magnetosphere and atmosphere- I have zero proof it’s just my thoughts on it

[@gavhenrad]

Aye makes sense mate 👍

[@oxxnarrdflame8865]

@@darrellsaewhat50only $5. I’d pay thrice that to get a prize. 😂

[@michaelkaczmarski2938]

Absolutely! We have also photographed the volcanoes on Io, which have been erupting continuously since discovered due to the tidal forces of Jupiter.

[@stuartkynoch7289]

The moon is a huge part of Earth's evolution, culminating in life

[@lepperkin]

@@michaelkaczmarski2938 yeah, but Jupiter is like 380 times as massive as the earth, and io is slightly bigger than the moon. The moon is about 1/80th the mass of the earth, and is a bit smaller than IO. The tidal affects are extremely small for the earth when compared to those on IO.

[@brandonhoward7919]

I couldn’t sleep last night, i watched this video and it calmed me down so i put on a playlist of Anton’s and fell right asleep. Thanks Anton! And thank you science!

[@scottydu81]

Space videos and deep sea videos are great for relaxing

[@Rehlik0]

Every time I see how much we all have donated towards the charity, the more my heart grows happy. You all are simply amazing!

[@atlasfeynman1039]

Shout out to those who have donated, it's truly appreciated! I am broke AF, so all I can do is thumb up...

[@TacoPoweredTimeTraveler]

I wish people cared as much for the immigrant kids in this country who are being sex trafficked and abused. What a shame.

[@Fryegar]

@@TacoPoweredTimeTraveler What country?

[@thinkcasting3182]

So sick of immigrants coming to the USA to game our welfare system. They all do it, Taco breath. What do they give in return as non-tax paying lawn mowers and roofers?

[@TacoPoweredTimeTraveler]

@@thinkcasting3182 Wow racist much? What an awful human you are.

[@The_Zharan_Colonel]

Holy smokes! I covered this exact subject (and interviewed Dr. Michael Way, of the paper Anton points to early in the video) last year in my internship at NASA Goddard! So awesome to see it covered here - thanks for sharing this news, Anton 😄

[@jonhenson6917]

Hi Anton. I'm writing today to let you know that your videos have helped me through a very difficult part of my life over the last years, and that I greatly appreciate your dedication to making great content and helping others, while your family also dealt with tremendous grief. I am primarily writing to inquire about merchandise, shirts in particular. Can you please bring back the phrase "Hello wonderful person" on the shirts? In my mind, the "Hello" tells others that they are the wonderful person. I want those seeing my shirt to know THEY are the "wonderful person". Thank you for all of your content. It means very much to so many people. More than we can know.

[@thinkcasting3182]

My tee shirt idea is the phrase: "Anthropogenic Global Warming HOAX" with a picture of Klaus Schwab wearing his weird Klingon outfit.

[@kchuk1965]

@@thinkcasting3182I’d buy that shirt!

[@Stewart1953]

hello from a neighbor. been there. i hope you find peace

[@Jabreezylife]

Hello there. Hope you're doing better

[@danielwlodawer8469]

It's really a shame. Just imagine the possibilities of a second earth just right next to us. Terraforming will be difficult, but I think be done nevertheless.

[@aste4949]

I can only imagine how crushing it was for people when we discovered that Venus's cloud cover was not hiding a rainy tropical paradise, but instead brutal conditions that make the day side of Mercury seem comfy and the pressure 900 m below the surface of Earth's ocean ocean seem light.

[@randybugger3006]

Can you imagine the hair-on-fire panic humanity would have suffered when we found out that intelligent life also existed on Venus? Think of how easy it is for us to get kill-happy on our own species. Now make that interplanetary. I think the best circumstance for humanity would be to never find alien life, and intelligent alien life especially.

[@face.-]

I'm not sure moving closer to a dying star would be good for human survival. Now a moon of jupiter or Saturn might be a possibility. The Sun will be the death of Mercury, Venus, Earth and possibility even as far out as Mars.

[@randybugger3006]

@@face.- it's uncertain what the maximum radius of the Sun will be at the end. Earth may get swallowed up, or it may drift away from the Sun as it (the Sun) loses mass when it starts to "burp" off it's outer layers in the Planetary Nebula for!action process. Either way, bad news for Earthlings.

[@face.-]

@@randybugger3006 yeah that's why teraforming Venus would be horrible for the human species to survive

[@rickrutledge9363]

Love your videos, Anton! Myself, I don't buy the scientific claim that Venus's atmosphere slowed the planet's rotation down, because of our observations of Jupiter. It has a massive atmosphere and spins incredibly fast!

[@Prometheus-Unbound]

The more I read about the various theories and evidence around the Thera collision the more I think we had a very lucky encounter resulting in a stable earth. I suspect simple life is widespread and almost inevitable if you have liquid water but the stable conditions for it to develop complexity - that must be much rarer.

[@northwindhighlander]

What amazes me, is that even tho venus is a dead planet, it's atmosphere is so dense, any props that we would send there, wouldn't need a parachute in order to successfully land. Now, if we can just get past the temperature conflict that Russia found out the hard way with, we could truly send something to explore venus. I'm confident that venus holds a lot of scientific value to us.

[@brianrusher3617]

Venus also rotates opposite direction earth rotates and incredibly slowly (about 117 earth days for 1 rotation of Venus). Wonder if something happened?

[@Tsathogguah]

Wow, those plate tectonics sure come in handy! Though the search for life dominates our interest in other planets and exoplanets, it's really fascinating how learning about these worlds helps us understand our own better. Thanks to the authors of the paper and thanks to Anton for presenting it.

[@DieFlabbergast]

I'm more interested in finding intelligent life on Earth.

[@RachaelMadsen]

I have always wondered if a large impact event might also set off volcanic instability possibly even far away from the impact site.

[@eldarhighelfhealermiriella7653]

Genshin Impact

[@EvilSnips]

I've been saying this for ages!!! This theory makes so much sense!

[@face.-]

Seems so due to the shock wave that would travel around the Earth.

[@liberalhere3731]

See: Siberian Traps. It is antipodal to Chicxulub. Shock wave focused there.

[@stevenbaumann8692]

Probably not. But that's a probable. There have been suggestions that a large impactor or a proto moon crashed into it surface perhaps a billion years after formation. Although cool sounding and possible, there's no evidence others than retrograde rotation.

[@-jeff-]

TY Anton for showing how Venus became more like Vulcan. 🖖

[@scarm_rune]

venus became a rendering engine?????

[@Ronin4614]

As always, another simply stellar video. Thank you, Anton; and do take care, amigo..

[@bobbyshaftoe45]

The cascade of processes and results is quite interesting. This doesn't change these basic Venusian poison pills: 1. Eyeball Planet - Venus' retrograde spin causes essentially the same heating & atmospheric conditions as an Eyeball planet. 2. Proximity to Sol - #1 is of course exasperated by its close distance to our star. 3. No luna equivalent- lack of an atmospheric/planetary stir stick...

[@AmandaComeauCreates]

I know that this time of year, as with any time of year is hard for you. I wish you and your wife peace. I am very to see how much your memorial fund has raised for your sweet child, and I know he would be very proud of both of his parents for transforming at least a little of the grief into something amazing. I sensed a great deal of pain in your voice near the end of this video and I hope you both are doing ok and getting whatever support you need. It never really gets easier, but I am thinking of both of you. Losing a child is unfathomable.

[@jimcurtis9052]

Wonderful as always anton. Thank you. 😊👍

[@dtwil7789]

Callin Shenanigans on it's atmosphere stopping a planet's rotation by itself

[@JimmyCrackorn]

I'm so happy that I watched this. I learned something about our progress with exploring Venus. I always thought that we lost every Venus probe before we could get close enough to the surface to take pictures. Living to see even just one image of Venus's surface brings me to an indescribale level of elation.

[@aste4949]

Several probes made it to the surface and sent back information on it! Truly an alien sight, even mores than Mars-everything overcast with everything from the sky to the dirt cast in shades of red and orange. And that's before remembering that the pressure would crumple a human like paper, or that the temperature is even hotter than on Mercury's day side. Both light levels and and temperature on Venus's surface get wonky from those clouds. The Sun takes more than a Venusian year to orbit, and everything rises in the west and sets in the east...absolutely wild! And yet, the upper clouds of Venus could be more habitable both to Venusian life and to us humans than Mars's surface is. And oh how badly I want us to be able to explore for geological history, fossils, and other signs of life on the surface!

[@kevinlutz5994]

I think the conditions are ripe for nonorganic life, silicon based life, on Venus and Io. Because of their continuous volcanism and lack of O2. What kind of biology of silicon would use a liquid for suspension (water is not an organic molecule) and a gas for burning energy for life? I think Anton had an article about this a few years ago. I'll look this subject up.

[@nickolaussoerjono2734]

Have you seen the video of the surface of Venus from the Soviet Union's Venera 7 probe?

[@cixtos]

Thank you for making these complex and fascinating topics more accessible to people like myself; I really appreciate the time and effort you put into your videos!

[@gultar4513]

I am seeing a lot of people posting that they just thought Venus was to close to the Sun. Venus is still in the Habitable zone of our Solar System. The problem that I have with this explanation is the fact that it does not account for the reverse spin that Venus has. We believe that a number of planets moved around in the early Solar System. It is just as probable that Venus was struck by another planet and this caused the planet to roll. Once upside down from its original orientation it would experience increased drag from its orbit slowing it down. This in turn would create stress on the Mantle. Now we are back to the evidence of Violent Eruptions. I think this is a more likely Hypothesis as it includes the retrograde rotation and the diminishing magnetic field that is allowing the Sun to strip away the lighter elements from its atmosphere.

[@seansimms8503]

Makes sense, if Earth was to stop spinning...there goes our equatorial bulge..

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

Actually, venus comes from behind the kuiper belts, the moment it entered if created a inbalance in the resonation of our solar system, due to this our planets shifted to compensate and correct the resonations. A planet left, and that one actually created the kuiper belt.

[@carpetlayenful]

Mr. Petrov, I realized this when typing. You are the only one on the internet I use a title when addressing. Anyways just wanted to say how much I appreciate your videos. Enjoy your day.

[@WalliFrog]

Wow the LIP thing is cool I live on one of those apparently haha, the Gawler one in Australia. It's come up a few times how Adelaide is a giant bowl I just never thought about it.

[@orionsimerl6539]

Anton says that Earth was lucky not to have the large volcanic events over lap and also having time to recover because Venus had multiple at the same time and had them in succession. What's interesting to me is we don't know if Venus was unlucky and Earth was lucky without having a larger sample size to compare. What I mean by this is Venus may be the norm for terrestrial planets and earth may be extremely lucky. If that's the case it has implications for weighing the probability of intelligent life in the universe because the earth just became more rare.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

I dont even know how we can say venus had a super large vulcanic event.. especially when stated that the surface of the object is flat.. its contradicting in about every sense..

[@orionsimerl6539]

@@ClosestNearUtopia I don't doubt the observations themselves. For me it just seems like one more thing that could prevent a potentially habitable planet from being habitable.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

@@orionsimerl6539 as suggested a lot happened with venus, and repeaditly stripping someone of its resources has most of the time negative impact on someones whealth. I can understand the conditions of object and planets may undergo changes if resources are thrown off or are added into their systems. What more thing you suggest venus encounterd for it to like its habitable status?

[@thomaslarson459]

I grew up in that northeast part of Oregon. There's a couple theories as to how the Grande Rond valley formed, and one prominent one suggests it's a caldera from a massive volcano. I guess that's confirmed now. Still a lot of geothermal activity there, too.

[@UncleBildo]

Yay! Anton mentioned home! Channeled Scablands, among the basalt flows.......

[@mmelmon]

It seems like the answer is "no plate tectonics" more than "big ass volcanoes."

[@racookster]

Yep. Refreshing to see that some people actually watched the video.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

Yup.. its like saying the planet died from chemo.. while in fact it was already dying from cancer..

[@jeffreylane73]

Hello wonderful Anton 👋! Happy holidays!!

[@paulohagan3309]

And yet again, Earth seems to be extremely lucky. Sounds like more evidence for the 'rare Earth' hypothesis. I thilnk slowly but surely we're getting closer to the real explanation for the Fermi Paradox.

[@Turdfergusen382]

Woah that’s cool! You’re a great educator, Anton.

[@CaidicusProductions]

Man, I wish I could travel back in time with all of your videos and give them to teachers to show in class. On those awesome wheel-in TVs, they used to have. :D If there was any meaningful progress in the education system, your videos would be in schools, today.

[@SapiensIndica]

Teachers have these sources today, but lost of them are more interested in dressing boys like girls, and confusing them with pronouns.

[@futeramonfuturamet4830]

But alas, KZbin is censored in most government schools.

[@seansimms8503]

Or going to the library to watch films on the projector..

[@seditt5146]

@@SapiensIndica Right, teachers have taught 9 year olds to remember all 200 genders in alphabetical order but kids likely couldn't name all the planets in our solar system. Hooray for government funded school systems. Don't wantem smart, just dependent.

[@CaidicusProductions]

@@SapiensIndica Interesting how quickly we've gone from "Teachers aren't paid enough for the huge amount of benefit and hard work they give back to society" to "lots of them are more interested in dressing boys like girls, and confusing them with pronouns." What a strange and sudden transition of sentiment...

[@JamesHayesArtist]

Another great video, thanks! A possible great filter for the fermi paradox, we got lucky.

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

We got lucky *yet* there are still many filters before us. After all, we only narrowly avoided self-initiated nuclear destruction. Which might as well be part of the filter. Oh, and obviously a nice gamma ray burst or solar storm that can still wipe us out before we become detectable enough.

[@paulg3336]

The Asteroid: "Dude! It was an accident, OK , I didn't mean to kill all those poor dinosaurs. I had my pods in and wasn't paying attention to where I was going. It's been 65 million years ,can we move on?"

[@yvonnemiezis5199]

Great video,thank you😊

[@christopheraaron8299]

I would think a more logical explanation would be a massive collision that caused the extremely slow retrograde rotation of Venus. Given that a day on Venus is longer than the Venusian year, the sun would be shining on the same side of the planet for extremely long periods, causing both the surface and atmosphere to retain more heat. A collision big enough to reverse the rotation of the planet would likely also have the power to cause extreme vulcanism.

[@megamushroom]

Christopher Aaron oh wow... So smart 😢 😢 😢

[@ProfezorSnayp]

An impact powerful enough to slow and reverse Venus' rotation would leave a crater half the size of Earth. No such crater was ever found on Venus.

[@christopheraaron8299]

@@ProfezorSnayp There probably isn't a crater. Venus is almost as massive as Earth, so it would take something incredibly massive to reverse it's rotation, something like a Mars sized planet. I'm talking about the kind of collision that created our moon. An object that massive wouldn't leave a crater, it would cause the surface to become molten.

[@kalrandom7387]

I think it's a intruder planet, that was captured. I forget how long ago it was, but there's evidence for another system coming through our system in the past or at least I think it was Anton here that did a breakdown on it, a while back.

[@christopheraaron8299]

@@kalrandom7387 The problem with that hypothesis is that Venus orbits on the same plane as the other planets. If another system passed through, it likely wouldn't have been on the exact same plane as our system. So, if Venus were a captured planet, it probably would orbit on a different plane, like Pluto and other KBOs.

[@Berdawg1]

I’m so sorry to hear about your loss. I hope you’re doing ok

[@jroar123]

As we advance with technology, what would it take to change Venuses atmosphere into something Earth-like? To be able to remove the acid. Reduce the temperature along with the pressure. What would it take to transformer the planet?

[@cmbaz1140]

Actually moving some of the atmosphere of venus to mars could make both planets habitable over time... At least it would make terraforming easier.

[@pauldavis5665]

Terraforming Mars would be a lot easier.

[@jovalleau]

There was a good Kurzgesagt video on the subject a while back.

[@futeramonfuturamet4830]

The process of terraforming Venus would start with building an array of sunshades that collectively would be around the same diameter as the planet and be placed in a lagrange point between Venus and the Sun. This would cause temperatures on the planet to plummet to the extent that most of the atmosphere would freeze to the ground to be shipped elsewhere within our solar system (Like Mars) and or paved over.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

@@Nihilovathat being said you know our earht is being “terra formed” altough not in the right direction, so why could we not terraform mars or venus? Your contradicting your own statements..

[@sopek1427]

His voice helps me fall asleep. Good vid to watch if wanna sleep listening to science 👍🏽

[@Ender7j]

This is a very interesting hypothesis regarding Venus. I wonder if there would ever be a way to measure the average thickness of Terran and Venusian planetary crusts as they were billions of years ago. It could be that the crust wasn’t as developed as the Earth’s was, making it more likely to have an LIP and increasing the chances two or more would be close to one another.

[@billstream1974]

Always like your presentations. THX

[@keenfire8151]

I wonder if Mars, Earth, and Venus were all Earth like together at one point.

[@klomptphuh]

Perhaps the Earth, Venus, Mars, and the Moon was an ablated super-Earth; the kind that we find commonly everywhere else?

[@CaidicusProductions]

It is as likely as it is unlikely. That may sound like I'm saying "probably not", but I'm actually implying that the odds of this being the case are extremely high. They would have to be, as usually, in the case of things like "earth-like conditions" being as rare as they are, the odds are normally astronomically against anything like this.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

Mars, if it ever was, quickly lost its habitability. It was just too small.

[@mjprelic]

They were. Before the sub formed they were just metals and gases

[@futeramonfuturamet4830]

It's likely that all three planets were at one point habitable. Something shut off Mars magnetic field which resulted in the planet losing the vast majority of its atmosphere. Whereas it's likely that Venus's own volcanoes may have caused the planet's runaway greenhouse effect. Luna (the Moon) was likely habitable at one stage as well, as the outgassing would have produced an atmosphere.

[@channelsixtysix066]

So an LIP and an asteroid, sent all of Venus's water up into the atmosphere, where it has remained ever since. Thank you Anton, Wonderful Person.

[@CaidicusProductions]

I believe a lot of Venus's water has also escaped into space, if I'm not mistaken. I believe Mars has also lost a lot of water to space, largely because it lacks a magnetosphere, meaning solar radiation keeps blasting Mars's atmosphere into space. In the case of Venus, part of it would be the same solar-blasting, part of it would be evaporation caused by extreme heat.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

I wonder if this is still one of your backlog of videos, as this study came out a full 7 months ago, and that's not like you to wait that long to post a video about a study. Still, fascinating study, nonetheless, and fascinating video, as always! Thanks, Anton, for all you do! ❤️❤️

[@gwgux]

Interesting. There's still so much we don't know about our sister planet that I'm sure further study and discovery will help us out here on Earth. The more we know about how things went wrong on a planet size scale, the better.

[@GadreelAdvocat]

Be interesting to send some materials to interact/react with Venus atmosphere to see the rate a which it's neutralized. It might help to understand what material might be best sent to help neutralize Venus atmosphere to help terraform it. Or to help understand what items might last in Venus atmosphere at various altitudes.

[@TohaBgood2]

I think the most likely way we terraform Venus to a livable extent is probably some type of airborne blue-green algae. That's what "terraformed" Earth to begin with. We just need to "jack up the stats" enough on the algae via genetic engineering.

[@danieldossantos6092]

What helped to neutralize earth's atmosphere was life, yes bacteria turned the co2 into oxigen and deposited all the carbon in the ground. This process can take millions of years. With how the pressure is in venus now i don't think any life can survive to even try this.

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

@@TohaBgood2 If at some point in the future we get the infrastructure for it, we might just take some of that thick atmosphere and transport it to Mars. That way we could end up with 2 terraformed planets at once.

[@TohaBgood2]

@@HappyBeezerStudios I'm honestly not understanding the excitement about Mars. Mars is a lot more similar in size and environment to the Moon that Earth. Atmosphere of 1% of Earth's is basically not an atmosphere. It's just barely there at all. The gravity difference seems like it will be a much bigger issue for people than everyone thought. Every year we find yet another way to our bodies change in low gravity. I doubt that we'll ever be able to actually adapt to low-g. Everything that we're made of bulges out and leaks where it's not supposed to in low-g. We're like deep-water fish who choke and die on their own if left in shallow water. But I guess if we're talking transporting atmospheres then we'll have had that all taken care of by then. Although, Venus has a ton of atmosphere! It's more like an ocean of supercritical CO2 liquid than an Earth-style atmosphere. It's so thick that you can literally float on it with just an air-filled cavity! Our atmosphere is just over 100x larger/denser than Mars's, but Venus's atmosphere is another 92x bigger than Earth's. So we could put an atmosphere on Mars, our Moon, and any other moon in the Solar system just from that crazy thick Venusian ocean of CO2!

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

@@TohaBgood2 That means we got enough atmospheric pressure to distribute for large scale space colonization. Mars was just the obvious choice "because planet", but also because with more mass and less solar radiation it should be able to hold the gases for longer

[@Titus-as-the-Roman]

I always felt like Venus was struck hard by a large energetic Bolide that not only laid Waste to the Planet but knocked it rotating backwards slowly

[@danielwatson4864]

What if the reasons Y Venus and Earth are so different is because A: Earth started of with more *surface water* than Venus due to the collision that help form the Moon. B: Earth had *bacteria* that used up carbon dioxide, and polluted the planet with oxygen, that eventually caused "snowball Earth effect" C: Earth is *further out* from the Sun

[@freedomdude5420]

I think bigger reason that Venus die as to do with no magnetosphere and all the water becoming water vapor, and you can the rotation for make it all possible, if Venus had a rotation as fast a earth or faster. Venus would be today green and lush, but no. Something happen to Venus rotation that get like, what it is today. Like collision like earth but unlike earth with the moon having a moment something worst happened.

[@Lasershadow]

Hmm... drop some Carbon Dioxide eating Bacteria with extreme heat resistance onto Venus and over time watch everything chill out? Wonder if somewhere on Earth we still got such Bacteria? Followup: How old such Bacteria is?

[@jedidrummerjake]

I always thought Venus was just too close to the Sun. Thanks again, Anton!

[@osmosisjones4912]

Litter elements got blown away by the solar wind . Leaving more concerned uranium. More sub atomic explosion might have been enough to spin it the wrong way. If a planet spins the wrong way that would create gravitational friction generating. He Much what's taught about venues like from Captain planet . is climate alarmist bad science. For climate alarmism . To destroying the energy sector. Venues is internally heated

[@e.h.4933]

Yes, but Mercury is closer and not as hot as Venus.

[@unarealtaragionevole]

The habitable zone of the sun has changed with time. Venus was in a better position for the habitable zone in the past. Just was Mars will eventually be in a better position in the habitable zone.

[@danoblue]

@@e.h.4933 Mercury has no atmosphere to trap heat.

[@MaryAnnNytowl]

@@unarealtaragionevole Mars won't ever be habitable. It has no truly functional magnetosphere to protect the surface and let it keep any atmosphere to speak of. That's why it has virtually no atmosphere, now.

[@RavenLuni]

I think if humanity ever reaches a large enough industrial scale, Venus would be the better candidate for terraforming.

[@stevenbaumann8692]

Some ppl think it's a better candidate than Mars.

[@1Infeqaul1]

Too selfish, too greedy, too mentally and criminally insane. Humanity will be only going into extinction by their own free will.

[@djGzusJuice]

Hey, Anton! Do you think plate tectonics is natural for earth-like planetary development, or do you suppose that it's a result from the collision that bore the moon?

[@universeisundernoobligatio3283]

We live on the slag that floats on the surface of a molten ball of rock.

[@williebeamish5879]

Pretty much nailed it for me.

[@Gains_Monsoon]

It's wonderful to be wonderful, thank you.

[@glenn_r_frank_author]

Venus also has such a slow (and reverse) rotation compared to Earth, I wonder if the continual heating from one side of the planet over its annual orbit was a contributing factor.

[@infinitemonkey917]

7:19 He said the thick atmosphere caused the slow rotation.

[@stantheman9072]

The prevailing theory is Venus was struck nearly dead center by a large body, perhaps Mars size, that not only greatly affected its rotation, but also flipped the planet into a 180-degree tilt so that its rotation is retrograde compared to all other planets. (Although Uranus is likewise extremely tilted but not all the way over.) So Venus did not start out spinning in the opposite direction, it’s just actually upside down. The thick atmosphere seems to have been causing drag, but the math there is more complex and uncertain because we are not as sure of the geology. The Thea Theory is that Earth was also hit about the same time period, but it was a glancing blow and resulted in the Moon being formed.

[@infinitemonkey917]

@@stantheman9072 The newer theory is that the Theia impact was a head-on collision.

[@stantheman9072]

@@infinitemonkey917 Might be “newer” but a head-on impact doesn’t yield the rotational speed or sufficient mass in a proper orbit to form the moon as we understand it.

[@infinitemonkey917]

@@stantheman9072 " Computer simulations suggest that Theia was traveling no faster than 4 km/s (14,000 km/h) when it struck Earth at an estimated 45-degree angle." Wikipedia - Theia- has an animation and study citations.

[@kshukla1980]

Dear Anton always a big fan of your knowledge and also your philanthropy. One question - what brought so much salt on earth ? My last calculation (based on estimated salinity of 1.025 and avg volume of oceans ) brings in humongous number 300x10^21 tons - pardon if I am off by 1 or 2 powers but still a huge number. Any insight will be appreciated

[@fracyoulongtime8123]

Does Venus have a magnetosphere? If not why has it been able to hold on to its thick atmosphere?

[@hithere8753]

It's very weak due to a lack of dynamo

[@fracyoulongtime8123]

@@hithere8753 so it’s just strong enough to help hold on to the dense atmosphere?

[@AtomicOnionTree]

I looked away while the video was playing, turned back at 3:31 and thought I was watching something completely different.

[@theonebman7581]

Venus is still alive in our hearts It's just... *hotter~*

[@theonebman7581]

Before y'all judge me, I have to let you know This is not the worst pun or joke in this comment section.

[@ragingjaguarknight86]

Whoa, the habitable Venus rendering @ 06:45 reminded me of the FFVIII world map. o_O

[@douglaswilkinson5700]

Venus is 0.73 AU from the Sun. Using the 1÷X^2 rule shows us that Venus receives 87.65% more solar radiation than the Earth does today. In the early solar system the Sun was only 70% as luminous so Venus still received 0.70×87.65 = 31.65% more solar radiation than the Earth does today. (67,859,190 miles ÷ 92,955,701 miles = 0.7300 Astronomical Unit so 1÷(0.73^2) = 1.8765)

[@oldtimefarmboy617]

The fact that Venus is closer to the sun (0.75 au) than the Earth (1 au) and receives almost 40% more energy from the sun than the Earth might have a large effect on Venus and its resulting atmosphere as well. The fact that the sun is believed to have been less energetic and put out less energy in its early millions is also probably why Venus was ever close to the state the Earth is in today.

[@eddiethatch2914]

What would have happened if mars and venus obrits swapped (not literally, I mean as in they formed in each other's place)? With venus in Mars current location, would have venus possibly remained habitiable?

[@Lasershadow]

Would that include leaving Mars's two moons where they are? If so, then VERY likely we would've had a 2nd Earth... maybe with an already advanced civilization like we feared when "Martians from Mars" was the fad thot at the time.

[@rivaldomadiba1879]

Probably yes, if we swap venus with venus, there is a high chance of venus resurrecting

[@darkalman]

One interesting theory I've heard is that the difference might be the Moon The impact that created the moon re-liquified Earths core at a key stage which is why we have plate tectonics and a magnetic field

[@Hydrocarbonateable]

The regular placement of the giant magma weak spots on the earth is very curious. Is there any chance a giant asteroid impact would cause a volcano on the direct opposite side of the planet from the impact due to the force going through the planet and out the other side?

[@119beaker]

I think it is more the shockwaves travelling around the world and all meeting up on the opposite side.

[@s.g.3898]

I have heard theories that Olympus Mons on Mars was caused like that

[@stevenkarnisky411]

Thank you, Anton! So many things had to happen for earth to bring forth life, and then even intelligent life. Add to that all the things that could wipe us off the face of our planet. Will we ever know the odds we have overcome to get here?

[@thefirstsin]

The Great Filter

[@dangingerich2559]

I would think that the fact that Venus is ~1/3 closer to the Sun than the Earth would have a pretty significant impact on Venus being warmer.

[@personzorz]

If there was water on the surface, the carbonate silicate cycle could have kept the temperature clement until as recently as less than a billion years ago

[@jasonlawler9674]

That's my answer to global warming

[@NewNecro]

If it were significant, you'd think Mercury is warmer than Venus.

[@cadenrolland5250]

And then a thinner crust, and so more volcanic activity. And the fact that it didn't have a moon. But this study concludes the reason is (drum roll please): bad luck. There are just too many negative factors against Venus, even though it had the basic building blocks of being like Earth.

[@jonloomis5210]

The difference in distance between Earth and the sun fluctuates by roughly 10% of the distance between Earth and Venus without any major changes (seasons are not significantly affected by this, just the amount and angle of sunlight which has the biggest effect while the equator sees pretty much no difference). Also Venus is 2.8x hotter than mercury, which is also about 2/3rds the distance between the sun and Venus. The surface temperature is not so much about how close they are, more about how they retain the energy from the sun.

[@Texas240]

Thanks, Anton for pointing out this ultimately important and completely ignored aspect of climate change. We can do whatever we want with carbon and trees but we don't have any technology to manage Earth's tectonics or volcanics.

[@cacogenicist]

A _Large Igneous Province_ isn't a type of eruption, it's the product of flood basalt eruptions. There is a question as to whether the Columbia River Basalt Group really counts as a LIP -- a LIP is generally the product of a mantle plume initiation, with the plume head arriving at the surface. ... in the case of the Yellowstone Hotspot, the plume head eruptions probably occured 50-something million years ago, when the Yellowstone Hotspot was under the Pacific Ocean. That event produced an oceanic LIP called "Siletzia," which subsequently accreted to the N. American plate. Siletzia has a much, much greater volume than the CRBG. Eventually N. America drifted over the YHS, producing some volcanism in what is now NW Oregon -- but then nothing for millions of years, because the partially subducted Farallon plate impeded the magma's rise. Magma pooled under this hanging slab of plate, and eventually broke through, which produced the Columbia flood basalts. As the N. American plate continues to move to the W-SW, the YHS ended up under thicker, fluffier, more silicic, more evolved crust. This caused very large volumes of rhyolitic magma to pool in the crust, generating the YHS track from the border of Oregon and Nevada, through the Snake River Plain in Idaho -- very large, sometimes VEI-8 super eruptions, ensued. The last flood basalt eruptions prior to those that produced the CRBG 16 million years ago occured around 30 million years ago (IIRC) in what is now Ethiopia.

[@philipm3173]

Wow very informative thank you!

[@HappyBeezerStudios]

That actually makes a lot of sense. Not a geologist of any kind, but I already miss the Farallon plate.

[@cacogenicist]

@@HappyBeezerStudios I'm not a geologist either, just a geology enthusiast. :) Yes, the Farallon was a fine old plate. But you can think of the current Juan de Fuca plate as one of the last pieces of the old Farallon. It's actually quite complicated, and not fully worked out, but you can think of the Farallon as having died from south to north, as the spreading ridges themselves actually subducted down the trench. After that happens, that section of the Farallon is gone, with the North American plate then bordering the Pacific Plate. There used to be subduction down the length of California, but now there's a transform boundary along much of it -- a strike-slip fault called the San Andreas. The San Andreas isn't the only boundary, though. Some of the relative motion between the Pacific Plate and the North American plate is accommodated by a messy zone of faults that runs from the Gulf of California north along the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada mountains, called _The Walker Lane_ or the _Eastern California Shear Zone_ Some geologists thing that the Walker Lane/ECSZ is a nascent transform boundary, and that eventually all of the relative motion will happen there -- at which point the Pacific Plate will have sort of stolen most of California, instead of just stealing the sliver to the west of the San Andreas. Soon, by geological timescales, the spreading ridges off the Pacific NW will get overiden by the NA plate as well -- then the Cascades volcanic arc will die forever. ... but if that region is uplifted some day in the future, the old Cascades magma chambers could be shoved up into the air, like a smaller version of the granite peaks of the Sierra Nevada.

[@scroopynooperz9051]

Carl Sagan would be proud :) Didn't Sagan get his PhD with a study of the runaway greenhouse effect on Venus?

[@SourDeeSloth]

That uh.. cascade chain is lookin.. kinda sus

[@tayzonday]

Isn’t there another theory that the Theia impact knocked away the perfect amount of Earth’s atmosphere?

[@illegal_space_alien]

Didn't Anton do a video on that, where it is thought that the current atmosphere was formed way after the Theia impact? So it is possible that is why the Earth's atmosphere isn't too thick.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

The perfect amount of atmosphere? If you like greenwarming, tell me how we would not benefit from a thicker atmosphere?

[@whatdamath]

I'm not sure this would have as much effect as maybe theia just changing it internal structure enough to limit volcanism. In four billion years even if initial atmosphere was perfect so many things would have changed already

[@tayzonday]

@@whatdamath Still - wasn’t that theory that Theia’s glancing blow was perfect? A direct hit would have caused insufficient atmosphere, and no hit might have left too much atmosphere? It would be interesting to combine the theories. As you note, they might be complimentary.

[@whatdamath]

Oh yeah it definitely was. It created perfect initial conditions and very likely softened the crust enough to start the geology.

[@richardjosephus6802]

Actually it may be possible to terraform Venus. The atmosphere is so thick, a type of bluegreen alge may be able to float and slowly change the makeup of the atmosphere.

[@coweatsman]

I wouldn't count on terraforming. The amount of energy you'd have to put in over millions of years and probably outside humanity's tenure.

[@Anuchan]

Living in a blimp would be difficult. Even a meteor the size of a pebble could damage the ship, and these happen all the time. Terraforming would take hundreds of years and is beyond our current capability. Terraforming Mars and the Moon is more attainable.

[@richardjosephus6802]

@@Anuchan Can't do Mars, the solar wind blows off the atmosphere. You don't live in a blimp, you release the alge to float.. remember how dense Venus is

[@richardjosephus6802]

@@coweatsman you seed the clouds, let biomass do the change

[@Anuchan]

@@richardjosephus6802 Sounds good. This can be working while humans remain on Earth.

[@Blindgenxgamer]

I wonder if it would have mattered if Venus had plate tectonics and/or a moon?

[@Andy-js5jy]

I think humanity can create artificial moon heavy on Venus as created something special for life. But will be difficult to suitable life for balance, without moon as planets be cannot form of life like Mars and Venus.

[@tgmccoy1556]

Nick Zentner of Central Washington University has a great series on the Columbia basalts.

[@a.m.v.6938]

You call it luck, I call it the hand of God.

[@bfcmik]

This reinforces my theory in the the 'Great Oxidation' event was killed before it could effect any real change on the atmosphere of Venus unlike the Earth. Without it CO2 was given free rein to runaway.

[@gundummies]

I can't help but wonder that earth would probably end up like everything else as millions of years pass by ~ desolate and lifeless. That the existence of life and earth's current state is just a "for now" situation.

[@ClosestNearUtopia]

Yes, very true. Our system is not stable, which is not one system out there without input from outside the system. If its left alone, it will die on magnetical friction and interference slowing the complete system down.

[@aste4949]

Avoiding that fate would require immense, concerted, dedicated technological effort but is theoretically possible. We already have ideas for how we could extend the life of our Sun to buy us more time, and how we could move the Earth or even our entire solar system. A sufficiently motivated and capable enough civilization certainly has some options for moving a planet around and keeping it alive if they can muster enough resources, collective willpower, sustained dedication, power, and effort. But everything still ends eventually. Isaac Arthur has a whole series on KZbin looking at various options for spacefaring civilizations at the end of time, for example Iron Stars and Black Hole Civilizations for lasting as long as possible into the heat death of the universe.

[@coolaa7]

I always thought the answer was Genesis 1:1, in the end it just makes the most sense versus all the low probability theories.

[@gqqggq7127]

Without a probability for the first, can't compare against other probabilities to determine that it makes the most sense. Lacking critical information.

[@lazziebardakos2956]

We humans like to think that we know a lot more than what we actually do.

[@Van-Leo]

hey anton, do you think you would ever add an enamel pin to your merch shop? im currently addicted to enamel pins and are a lot easier for my rather frugal mindset to buy given the space requirements.

[@billstream1974]

Maybe the the fact that we have moving tectonic plates and a moon are the cause of the differences

[@Taomantom]

that is the real WORD about this

[@coweatsman]

Tectonic plates could be a safety valve. Venus has periodic volcanic resurfacing every so many hundred millions of years or so, a complete melt down with the last one being about 500 million years ago.

[@laurafolsom2048]

I live in the Columbia Basalt group!

[@8632tony]

Well then, to avoid a similar fate we will have to convert all our volcanoes to electric.

[@williebeamish5879]

Ahh geothermal. That would certainly be an awesome piece of engineering.

[@Silverfirefly1]

Some of the more detailed contact experiences over the years have claimed there is a Venusian diaspora across the solar system, that they breed with us sometimes but live in large ships in space around the planets, that they are Nordic type Pleiadians that developed their society on Venus and that they feel a responsibility for their part in ruining mars and the ancient earth in the war following the death of Venus. Now i don't claim these as true, but the anecdotes exist if they are of interest to people.

[@omnivore2220]

Venus being closer to the sun receives vastly more solar energy per unit area. Next question.

[@genx7006]

🤭

[@PetarChakarov]

But it has thicker atmosphere so supposedly less reaches the surface

[@DavidTremblay]

It's hotter than mercury which received vastly more heat from the sun than Venus

[@mertc8050]

@@DavidTremblay almostall gas giants are hotter then venus at 90 bar pressure zone...

[@js70371]

Earth absorbs more solar radiation than Venus does. How do you explain this? Also, the daytime side of Mercury is not as hot as Venus even though it is much much closer to the Sun. 🤔🤷‍♂️

[@bleedleaf]

"Welcome to the First Habitable Planet in the Solar System" will read the giant billboard, the first thing visible when disembarking at the Venus Colony Landing Station.

[@beyondfossil]

I have always thought how nice it would be if Mars and Venus actually had their orbits reversed (switch places)! Because Venus has too much CO₂ so would benefit from a farther orbit whereas Mars has too little CO₂ and would benefit from a closer orbit. This solar system could have have a *trio* of life bearing planets in its "Goldie locks" zone!

[@ManyHeavens42]

*****Just think your probably 1 Particle away from becoming Ion .Any new words Hahaha

[@hendyzero5789]

Heard comets for the Oort cloud... bombard Venus till it cools off 👍

[@emergentform1188]

Great vid!

[@0x0404]

I recall something about Venus not having tectonic plates which results in the surface being inhospitable from eventual complete meltdown.

[@ghiggs8389]

Wonder if a large impact, comet or asteroid, could possibly crack the crust into plates.

[@Zhiivago]

I don't understand how the nightside has the same temperature as the dayside. Even if f you take atmospheric movement into consideration. It's so heartbreaking that Venus is not the exotic, lush, moist, shallow ocean coral world that it could have been. Such a waste.

[@larsnystrom6698]

Something like the several years long winter about year 536, which inspired the concept of the Fimbulwinter as a prelude to Ragnarök in Norse mythology. Several years of winter with no sommer between. Half of the population of the Nordic countries disappeared. Few realize that we are not immun to that kind of things if they would happen now. We got a small waning a few years ago with vulcanos on Island disrupting the airtrafic. And that was just a small thing compared with that old thing. We are more vulnerable, and more lucky, than we think!

[@philsobkow8941]

Anyone else giggle at 3:35 because that totally looks like something else :P

[@frederickwise5238]

Venus (and Mars) are in "the Goldilocks zone" The 'Goldilocks Zone,' or habitable zone, is the range of distance with the right temperatures for water to remain liquid. (and have a breathable atmosphere)

6:21 that asteroid never studied physics

[@jimdale9143]

Interesting, thank you Anton. Note the part about Venus's slow rotation being the result of it's very thick atmosphere, presumably from friction caused by tidal forces. If this is true, then Venus would have once had a more "normal" rotation, perhaps similar to Earth. Since Venus is closer to the Sun than Earth the solar tidal forces acting on it's interior would have been stronger than on Earth. Could this have produced more and stronger mantel plumes, such as the one believed to have produced the Siberian Traps on Earth? An example of how this might work would be Jupiter's moon Io, where tidal forces from Jupiter and the other moons leave it in a state of near constant vulcanism.