Learn How Animals and Bacteria Have the Coolest Partnerships

This Valentine’s Day, send a little love to your bacterial buddies! Our microbes keep us healthy, but some bacteria give their animal companions superpowers, like immunity to poison, or even invisibility!
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
Aphids
www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs...
web.uconn.edu/mcbstaff/graf/Ap...
www.agric.wa.gov.au/barley/ap...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
books.google.ca/books?id=FzBs...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/p...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.pnas.org/content/109/20/E...
www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/1...
www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/...
Desert woodrats
academic.oup.com/icb/article/...
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/f...
esajournals.onlinelibrary.wil...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles...
www.jstor.org/stable/1378444?...
esajournals.onlinelibrary.wil...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
Clams
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.nature.com/articles/nrmic...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.whoi.edu/feature/history-h...
bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com...
Blue-ringed octopus
oceanconservancy.org/blog/201...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/animal...
www.sfjo-lamer.org/la_mer/22-3...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Bobtail squid
www.cell.com/current-biology/...
link.springer.com/article/10....
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.pnas.org/content/102/8/30...
Images:
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jo...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:L-...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sc...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De...
www.flickr.com/photos/interne...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ch...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mu...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ha...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...

[@micahphilson]

The way aphids and clams have so strongly incorporated their bacteria reminds me of Mitochondria, and how they were once their own organisms, but joined forces with animal cells, merging so that they essentially became one separated yet entirely dependent system.

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Mitochondria THE POWER HOUSE OF YOUR CELL *insert music

[@phenylalanine1042]

Mitochondria are found in all eukariotes, including plants and fungi.

[@ilovepinatas3179]

Desert Woodrats & Their Microbe Crew is my new band name.

[@mollsgreys5827]

I got dibs on Blue-Ringed Octopus and the Toxic Squad

[@Iswimandrun]

Coexist with bacteria or die that's just true love.

[@EclecticFruit]

In the end everyone is codependent.

[@Iswimandrun]

@@EclecticFruit There might be a few people with immune deficiencies that might not get to feel the full microbe love.

[@HeroDark98]

How appropriate, bacteria will likely be the only living organisms in close proximity to me on Valentine's... :/

[@benjabby]

If it makes you feel any better, millions of them literally couldn't live without you

[@amedicabg]

Marc Shanahan Don’t forget the fungi! And the mites! And even roaches!

[@susanrobinson910]

Marc Shanahan--Where are you from, Marc? I haven't had an intelligent conversation with someone of the opposite sex in YEARS. :-(

[@johnnybadboy3475]

Don’t worry, you aren’t alone.

[@aamirrazak3467]

I feel your pain friend

[@boxhead6177]

Blue Ring Octopus isn't overkill, it's Australian! Its a proportional response to the surrounding hostile fauna :P A tourist picked one up last week in their hand and filmed it with their smartphone cause it was cute, they got really lucky not to get poisoned... locals just know to avoid it, as direct contact is the only way to get poisoned. Its also one of the few venomous creatures in Australia, we don't have anti-venom for. If you get medical attention in time they can keep you alive, but your paralysed and may suffer severe nerve damage. One person went blind cause he couldn't close his eyes, but only 3 deaths in the last century.

[@erick9348]

Don't you treat tetrodotoxin intoxications with batrachotoxin and vice versa?

[@owenpaus4836]

Never let me in your country or I’m hunting all your spiders into extinction.

[@thomasfeatherstone8817]

​@@owenpaus4836 Good luck with that Australia literally have spider string going through the sky as normal weather there. (Usually a a bunch of unseeable tiny spiders are on one end to get away from home, and riding the wind.)

[@riplix20]

@@thomasfeatherstone8817you said that to an Aussie...

[@massimookissed1023]

10:26 So we can make glow-in-the-dark cholera ? That would be useful in being able to tell which poos are the ones not to play with.

[@TerrariaGolem]

This made my day

[@cezariusus7595]

Weaponized autism

[@Cobra0798]

But making it glow in the dark makes it more intising to play with

[@tttITA10]

Well... I guess...

[@tttITA10]

I mean, you're not wrong...

[@gracehuvvy8781]

Some of these are literally relationship goals, and even more healthy than a lot of human relationships.

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

And theres always those few couple that have genuine good relationship that makes you wana take a knife and killed one of them so they be separated forever and if ghost exist they likely seeing their partner moved on and spy them forever and get NTR.... Just me? Ok glad i dont have friend

[@dne1869]

@@michaelmagnimedia3331 bro 😐

[@RangerRuby]

Yep, this is what Science Nerds do on Valentine's day. Research Bacteria.

[@devanharripersad5730]

hahaha, I like that one.

[@Shaqiliciouss]

Unironically I will be in the microbiology lab on valentine's day, so you're not wrong haha

[@devanharripersad5730]

@@Shaqiliciouss have fun with your cultures 😁

[@grapy83]

LOL. Awesome. And true. Science should poke around our heads to figure out why???

[@sophiaruizuvalle2523]

@@Shaqiliciouss I'll be on a pharmacology lab so yeah.

[@evaristegalois6282]

0:55 so this video is SciShow’s way of celebrating Valentine’s Day? Now _that_ is epic

[@zidani.s6712]

+

[@19DannyBoy65]

Top 🔟 E🅿️ℹ️C 🅱🅰CTERℹ️🅰 Moments 😎😎

[@elissajaguar]

Right? Check out the poop compilation vid that was released on Valentine’s Day a few years ago. LOL

[@rub8252]

I feel like a lot of these microbes have just become organelles

[@RM-cv5sc]

It is theorized that mitochondria may have started out as an engulfed bacteria.

[@fishercat7315]

Scared me for a sec when he said it was Valentine's day

[@Master_Therion]

Bacteria, they protecc They attacc They've got your bacc

[@cosmoniums5990]

Yes you’re back where were you on the last few videos

[@edi9892]

Where does this meme cone from. It's been all over the god damn place last year.

[@liquidminds]

They protecc but they attacc anyone who's anti-vacc

[@christopherhall5361]

they protecc they attacc they make you yacc

[@TitanUranusOfficial]

I'll accept bacteria prottec; shun the ones that attacc - done! And always get vaccination.

[@mupumupu2842]

Bold of you to assume i’ll be celebrating love

[@mupumupu2842]

AxxL ehh, 6/10, definitely worth taking to applebees

[@nandoginkaku7610]

Bold of you to think scishow would comment bck at you

[@mupumupu2842]

Nando Ginkaku bold of you to reply to me commenting such a thing

[@benjabby]

@@nandoginkaku7610 bold of you to assume that they assumed scishow would reply

[@amedicabg]

benjabby bold *you*

[@abyssalzei552]

Me looking at other animals' bacteria... Me looking at my bacteria... Me: Why can't you be like your cousin-

[@tylerv.g.6268]

They kind of are really, the organelles

[@tylerv.g.6268]

side note: The Organelles would be a great band name

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

I mean if a blue ring octopus could choose between an intelligent brain and secure and long lasting life or poison, color changing intelligent brain and short lifespan....yeah i would be a blue ring octopus too Jk

[@blankseventydrei]

you added an extra "X" in tetrodotoxin... I guess textrodotoxin would be the venom on emojis.

[@vaszgul736]

He also said sea anenemey

[@scunts]

I was hoping so bad someone said this in the comments do that I didn't have to.

[@SpookyFox-]

uuh, not quite valentines day, but got me all panicked for a little bit there haha

[@jamesvonblitza7395]

Yay Hank posted a new one. Love your uploads man. You expand my vocabulary and I thank you.

[@synonymous1079]

I'm claiming desert woodrats and the microbe crew as my new band name

[@Taikamuna]

It's valentines day! Which means I'm gonna stay off social media all day

[@feinburger5404]

Ha ha

[@movement2contact]

Great opportunity to stay away from it forever.

[@ryry5249]

It's not valentine's day

[@aoifenm]

@@movement2contact dwjysishe

[@movement2contact]

@@aoifenm noice.

[@c.i.demann3069]

an interesting question regarding the bacteria that have been living forever in the aphids and the clams: at what point are they no longer separate species and instead internal organs, sort of like the mitochondria in humans?

[@gracehovden553]

now, this might just be my shiny-obsessed goblin Brain talking, but the Hawaiian bobtail squid looks super pretty shiny and cute!

[@asinglebraincell6584]

8:45 soo cute I wish I could pick it up I love how the rest of the animals use bacteria for ingestion, and poison and this one is just like: *galaxy leggings*

[@CarthagoMike]

Greatest partnership of all time: Our gut bacteria and us.

[@glynnismajor]

You speak really, REALLY fast. On one hand- I'm truly impressed. On the other hand- I often find myself getting "left behind" bc I don't have time for a moment of thought on new-to-me information.

[@ArthropodJay]

Ngl i love how fast he speaks, i hate long videos be i get distracted

[@susanrobinson910]

Man, I wish humans were able to produce tetrodotoxin! Or...maybe something that allows for us to bioluminesce! Excellent video, Hank! I had forgotten all about parthenogenesis.

[@strangedaze1468]

I have to write a rough draft for a mock research proposal for a Symbiosis class by Thursday and I've been really struggling picking something that hasn't already been extensively researched. I think I'm going to go with the blue-ringed octopus, given it's controversy. THANK YOU! I love you Hank and Sci-Show. Best Valentines gift ever.

[@danielgertler5976]

OH GOOD APHIDS ARE TRIBBLES!

[@gunzakimbo]

They produce nourishment, help digest said supplements AND prevent me from getting sick? Sounds like super powers to me!

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Mean while random parents making their kids chugging a bottle of penicilin

[@live4him4eva]

Quick correction: Hawaiian bobtail squids are much larger than 3 centimeters. I would know, I actually did lab research into how the Hawaiian bobtail squids symbioses with V. fischeri and the winnowing process that the squid uses to ensure only V. fischeri colonizes its light organ. We had a couple mating pairs and they were closer to 7-8 cm.

[@connormccoy6178]

Oh my god, the Hawaiian bobtail squid is so cute!

[@IANF126]

ah yes the blue ring octopus. learned about that one when i heard about the tourist that held one without any protection.

[@St33ldancer]

uh, it's not... quite valentine's day yet? but alright.

[@HauntaskhanHYPNOSIS]

I legitimately freaked out for a second.

[@MCtomgie]

Look at the top right corner in the first 13 seconds if the video.

[@grannykiminalaska]

@@MCtomgie lol, got it. Thought I'd lost some days again

[@coryman125]

@@HauntaskhanHYPNOSIS I went from "Wait, what? That's today??" to "okay I guess I don't pay enough attention, I must have been mistaken" to "oh nevermind other comments are mentioning this too"

[@precumming]

The area in your brain which remembers how calendars work is the same place that information about bacteria symbiosis is stored, so you can only know 1 at a time.

[@ssathessa]

Hank: "It's Valentines Day" Me: "It's not Valentines Day" 02/11/2019

[@lazyperfectionist1]

This symbiotic relationship between aphids and Buchnera is pretty impressive, but it doesn't change the fact that aphids usually serve as snacks for ladybugs and ants.

[@jod125]

I'm curious if you put the woodrat bacteria in a human gut, would humans be immune to the poison...?

[@limiv5272]

Probably, assuming that the environment is suitable for the bacteria to grow and that it doesn't cause any serious harm to the human. The better question is - why would you want to eat this dry woody desert thing?

[@AlldaylongRock]

If you were living there

[@universe_cat3149]

@@limiv5272 just cause

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Yeah do you want to eat this dry ass poisonous plant living in a dessert... Nah i stick to raw instant noodles in my basent

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

You get infection....i mean sure your body gonna be able to accept the bacteria as gut bacteria and properly utilize it

[@AllanBrunoPetersen]

Bacteria (and viruses too) are massively underrated in regards to our health, it's nice to see som focus on the subject.

[@patrickroelant5171]

i love that the relationship is host get super powers bacteria gets life.

[@CoughE]

My soul is covered in bacteria

[@user-sl5uv2gg1s]

you know you are a true SciShow fan when you know just by the title that Hank is gonna be hosting this one.

[@SixSlikRix]

thankyou for choosing this job, seriously.......... crashcoursing and funfacting are some of the few things I can still genuinely appreciate from this life.

[@aamirrazak3467]

Humans and our microbes are truly a loving relationship.. we literally couldn’t live without each other

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Meanwhile a random dude chugging a bottle of Penicilin

[@aaronjeffery4942]

Good video, just remember the plural of "genus" is "genera" not "genuses"

[@Barnaclebeard]

You are not obliged to follow the rules of Latin and Greek when speaking English.

[@bnobriga2]

I legit googled when Valentines day was because I immediately thought "it is absolutely not Valentines day."

[@bnobriga2]

I mean if SciShow lies about what day it is, what else can we not trust? lol

[@ryanchampney2637]

I did the same thing. Nearly had a heart attack. Lmao

[@brantwedel]

That wasn't a hard sell at the end, it was a heart sell 💘

[@naturefix290]

The smell of creosote... amazing, fresh rain!

[@cheea5]

This was a throwback to college! I learned about literally all of these!

[@Articulate99]

Always interesting, thank you.

[@mvsawyer]

Just like when I celebrate Valentine's Day, this came a bit early.

[@slowfire2]

Those mini octopuses are both cute and cool.

[@sybilknight]

"sent a little love to your bacteria buddies" I ❤ Hank!

[@evilcanofdrpepper]

You posted this 4 days before valentines day!!!

[@Gothead420]

Gut bacteria is neat to have! Kinda like endosymbiosis, one of my favourite topics in biology! Thats how ruminants and termites digest cellulose, btw...^^

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Humans: oh we just cook our vegetables so we more efficient with our energy consumption

[@RoxaneJ14]

Best valentine's day video ever !

[@gudel5585]

7:01 "textrodotoxin", i loled :)

[@ethanr9080]

I'd like to do my 3rd yr dissertation on mutualistic symbiosis. I'm especially interested in possible exchange of genetic information or proteins between host and symbiont as well as the co evolution and the loss of gene in the symbiont over time. Anyone got any ideas of cool examples?

[@vileguile4]

Ahh the humor in this ... well done 😂

[@bengrunewald4183]

Glad he clarified that these are mutualistic symbiosis. Parasitism is a type of symbiosis. The point is that symbiosis is not always as great as it sounds.

[@v-gc7257]

Wow! Partnership between animals and bacteria. Cool

[@libulan8179]

these relationships in nature is one of the reasons why it is hard to rehabilitate and just bring back nature to what it once was after it's damaged.

[@Shazzkid]

But what about Human and Venom

[@Yell5651]

I am in love with my microbes

[@zackattackjoseph7279]

Why am I obsessed with the Green brothers? I’ll never know which name goes with which hair color, but I’ll watch any video hosted by either.

[@uddhavn]

Muscle Hank still has superpowers without any bacteria

[@alisgray]

SciShow is darling and we love you too.

[@yellowlarch]

#5 is my favorite! Another cool marine symbiosis: bacteria that live on diatoms and produce vitamin B12 for them.

[@MissJean63]

“Nature finds a way!” - Ian Malcom - Jurassic Park

[@WillArtie]

Last one was the best!

[@JeffriesMitch]

Sci show is the best!

[@TheWeltandmelt]

A cool partnership that is weird are leaf cutter ant's, they don't eat the leaves they harvest, they use them to cultivate a fungus, they then eat this fungus.

[@christophelesmacgillicutty9677]

Fantastic video.

[@branislavkonjevic7278]

Today isn't Valentine's day, but I still still love you. Just be what you are as long as you can.

[@imranshishir1947]

Hmm..... Symbiots that gives their hosts super powers, sounds formilier.

[@tomf3150]

Imran Shishir Goa'ulds ?

[@pewwdiepie]

Kamodo dragon's partnership with bacteria is kinda deadly and cool

[@seanhillebrandt2653]

Wish I could afford it Hank keep up the amazing videos I love learning with you guys.

[@sujatamourya8676]

Wow great to know about it.......

[@theeel8981]

My best relationship is water and rocks.

[@frankschneider6156]

That's a lot better than crack and HIV, so be happy.

[@taylorrasco7098]

My school Green House got infested by aphids. It took months to get them out. we had to hand scrub thousands of lettuce leaves for salads at an event we were hosting. It took forever and they were all over the kitchen.

[@Seadalgo]

Always wondered how vent clams were colonized with the chemotrophic bacteria they rely on. Then again I always wondered how they got around the acid gradient as well

[@ramitchatterjee9626]

Wonderful

[@chrrmin1979]

All of em are pretty cool

[@AngryDuck79]

Since when is Valentine's day on the 10th? LERN2CALENDAR, Hank!

[@donjuanguest3697]

Hank is the best

[@nolanwestrich2602]

1:05 Oh! They're plant mosquitoes!

[@erebusthedragon8017]

the Bacteria in my Body give Me the Superpower of Being Alive™️

[@DanHiteshew-oneandonly]

Lol I just discovered an aphid infestation today.

[@thekingofjesters2368]

I am a simple man I see octopus I click

[@pay1370]

Overkill octopus is a mood tbh

[@FiMilton]

The ending AKA how to freak John out.

[@busterthemutt8224]

I have to deal with aphids every year, the green ones dont give me much trouble and I can get rid of them pretty easily but now the black bean aphids love my zucchini. I have tried everything to rid of them from neem oil to whatever says it kills them at lowes or online XD I found the next best thing is just to constantly feed the plants to make up for the lost nutrients. Weirdest thing is they never go after my green beans or sweat peas LOL

[@nathanseals6009]

V. fischerii was reclassified as a different genus, Aliivibrio, recently

[@mrlostman20]

"its valentines day today" scared the hell outta me man! thought i missed it some how my girl would of been so mad lololololol

[@bensam4518]

god I love this show. its the most entertaining sci show since Beakmans World!

[@mountedczarina9205]

I am Venom. You are mine. Cooperate. And you might just survive. That is the deal.

[@tammyelizabeth5157]

Feeding you waffles n fries now....

[@kariscoyne1886]

I came here for this comment

[@michaelmagnimedia3331]

Lets take a selfie xd

[@onii-san3851]

Finally I’m not gonna be alone anymore!!

[@Veltylacia]

'Eyes. Lungs. Pancreas. So many snacks, so little time.' - Venom

[@ajmingorance4549]

Can there be a video about the types of bacteria that live inside of us?

[@hart-of-gold]

The Blue Ring Octopus is so venomous because crabs are pretty dangerous prey for a little octopus. The Octopus really needs it dead before rasping into the shell with its tongue. Aussies kids are taught not to play with random little animals because these little fellows are pretty common but hard to see unless they flash their blue rings.

[@joannataylor7771]

awesome really interesting

[@biancap3943]

I have at least 10 creosote bushes in my yard but have only seen a woodrat once.

[@Paldasan]

I was voted most likely to have a mutually beneficial relationship with bacteria.