Why Humans Will Never Stop Evolving

Did you know that humans will never finish evolving? Often when we think about evolution, we typically think about big changes that happened long ago, but there's so much that is still changing in our human biology! Join Olivia Gordon for a new episode of SciShow all about marvel of evolution!
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Sources:
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ghr.nlm.nih.go...
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www.ncbi.nlm.n...
www.hormone.or...
Arsenic in the Andes
academic.oup.c...
www.atsdr.cdc....
www.genome.gov...
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www.nytimes.co...
Growing Taller
science.scienc...
www.sciencedir...
Alzheimers
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www.sciencemag...
Image Sources:
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[@Jack-je1zt]

I got that reference! “For instance, on the planet Earth, man had always assumed that he was more intelligent than dolphins because he had achieved so much-the wheel, New York, wars and so on-whilst all the dolphins had ever done was muck about in the water having a good time. But conversely, the dolphins had always believed that they were far more intelligent than man-for precisely the same reasons.” ― Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy

[@trixrabbit8792]

Jack O'Dowd so long and thanks for the fish.

[@kindredtoast3439]

Dang it. You pointed this out, but I can't like the video twice. Your comment will have to do.

[@amiryousef2153]

Or maybe they can't do anything with their intelligence because they don't have hands, or maybe they don't want to use their intelligence, because they aren't curious.

[@shrimpbisque]

So glad I'm not the only one who noticed this!

[@gellagz9009]

wow that reference though i will search for that

[@unicornswag888]

*_This isn't even my final form._*

[@erinmoore6463]

Muscle Hank 🦾

[@davewatchedthat]

All Hail Lord Frieza!!!!

[@obby726]

AYE HELLO I've seen u before lmao

[@Zenkka]

Hank’s final form is Super Homo Dongus Erectus

[@coltafanan]

You're evolving into the Hulk!

[@theseceratary2307]

There’s another form of selective pressure that didn’t get talked about: people deliberately not passing their genes along. Individuals may choose to adopt instead of having children if they feel that they carry a gene that negatively impacts their life. Like for the Alzheimer’s example, people who are forced to confront the reality of a mind deep into that condition may forego natural reproduction to spare future generations.

[@ferencgazdag1406]

Thank them for raising your children for you, and selecting out their "inferior" genes. No one wants to select their genes out, that is the point in evolution, but less competition is good for me, so i will support them.

[@willythemailboy2]

Not to mention that the grandmother hypothesis will apply less and less frequently the longer human civilization is removed from our hunter-gatherer roots. At least in the west, children don't generally starve if their grandparents aren't around to contribute to feeding them. We've basically broken the mechanism the grandmother hypothesis depends on to function.

[@JJAG3]

Imagine unironicly killing your bloodline

[@conlon4332]

@@ferencgazdag1406 Humans are very good at bereaking all the rules. Science tells us that creatures' main (if not only) purpose in life is to pass on their genes, and thefor to repoduce, but tell that to anyone who uses contreseption.

[@dianagibbs3550]

I know at least one person with a gene-linked auto-immune disease who deliberately intends not to have any children of her own for that very reason. I'd also be interested in seeing what other genes are being weeded out by people who go childless by choice. I am childless by choice, but I didn't do that because of any gene variant that I knew I had and didn't want to pass on; I did it because I didn't want to have kids. What, in my genome, is being lost as a result? I'd be interested to know.

[@limalicious]

This makes me think of a study done on Inuit that found some of them regulate heat differently in their extremities so they're less susceptible to frost bite.

[@beback_]

Emily really cool

[@theoverseer393]

i love the adaptations that we can create

[@austinjacob8026]

That's super tight

[@KevAlberta]

Arya Pourtabatabaie you mean really hot

[@DrachenGothik666]

Also, selective pressure for adaptation to high altitude. Peoples like those who live in the high Andes and the Himalayas have greater lung capacity and wider chests to enable them to breathe better in thinner air. If I recall right, they may also have a more efficient venous system and a stronger, slightly larger heart to transport that needed oxygen (I may be wrong on that one, so I suggest looking it up, just in case). They have to live on a high-calorie diet to deal with the cold, though. Inuit and other deep-cold dwelling peoples do, too, yet they don't suffer from high cholesterol, or heart disease as much as folks who don't live in those conditions. Our bodies are freakin' amazing, and anyone who thinks evolution is bunk needs to study bacteria, or nematodes, because you can watch them evolve almost before your very eyes.

[@JesusChristDenton_7]

Humans: licking toilets Evolution: Where did I go wrong..?

[@swms1021]

But that’s after eating a Tide Pod so their mouth is nice and clean

[@chevychase3103]

You licked the wrong side of the seat. LOL

[@davewatchedthat]

Lol...evolution didn't go wrong with those ones; natural selection is just realizing it's time to put the lolcat videos down and go to work, heh heh...

[@TA-xj5we]

Olivia's been licking toilets since she got her abbo nose rings... biggot's

[@nealsterling8151]

What?

[@juangarcia6473]

This is so cool to me. I wrote a paper in my anthropology class about the variations in the human nasopharynx across different climates. Because our nasal cavities and the nasopharynx condition the air we breathe to match the humidity and temperature of our lungs, I hypothesized that the variations suggested specific adaptations to the air humidity and temperature that people lived in. I went a little further to suggest this could also be a factor in why our languages vary so much in how they sound. With warmer-humid air your vocal folds can be more flexible and produce a wider range of sounds, the opposite is true in cold-dry air. I think the evidence I cited for this was a paper showing how tonal languages were distributed along or near tropical regions as opposed to higher latitudes, but it's been a few years so I can't remember for sure. It'd be a cool study if it hasn't happened yet.

[@ambivertsorcerer5644]

Bruh thanks for sharing, sounds really interesting!

[@vi_vald_i7790]

How did you achieve the data on these variations of nasopharynx?

[@hypeman5533]

This small excerpt of your paper was more interesting than this entire video.

[@borttorbbq2556]

I'm actually pretty sure it has the sound of propagates differently in cold air as opposed to hot air, and there does seem to be at least some correlation between how languages are formatted depending on the temperature of that area

[@stephenrobnett4976]

I would honestly like to read your paper.

[@nachoijp]

In the case of Alzheimer's disease, specifically with humans, there's another elemtn that gives evolutionary preassure against it. The children of people with Alzheimer's in many cases have to take care of their parents, leaving less time and resources to have their own children, and therefore stopping the genes in the second generation.

[@joehutchcraft1675]

@Ben Louis there are ways to do just that. "Flipping the switch" is nothing more that introducing the proper protein chains to activate that particular gene, so long as that person has a dominant or semi dominant allele. Even a recessive gene can be activated, with the right conditions. Even environmental factors such as plague, high stress, or famine can activate a gene.

[@seDj64]

It's not a very effective pressure though right? I mean by the time someone has Alzheimer's they would have already had kids, and there would be plenty of time for those kids to have already had their own kids.

[@nommh]

Alzheimer is the consequence of unhealthy nutrition and lack of movement, just like heart disease and many cancers.

[@keatingsutherland392]

Owoowowowoowowow

[@willingoYT]

@@nommh Experts are unsure, so either cite a source or create a study to support your hypothesis

[@gardenhead92]

This is just speculation, but it’s also possible that people whose parents have Alzheimer’s have less kids because they are already devoting time and money to caring for their sick parents.

[@calacatchy]

Sora Fora that’s tough dude :(

[@anteconfig5391]

@@ambassadoroftheandromedagalaxy I was about to say that another reason could be that people choose not to procreate in an attempt to clear this ailment from the gene pool.

[@perigee9281]

@Sora Fora you can always adopt

[@CountingStars333]

@@ambassadoroftheandromedagalaxy Pretty silly. You don't need perfection to survive. You can have a pretty great long life and contribute. Who cares...if at the end you lose your mind. Everyone dies someway or other.

[@chimerasofhafgufa]

@@ambassadoroftheandromedagalaxy even if you know you may have it in the future, it's not your fault and doesn't mean you can't live to the fullest of your wish right now, amirite? Plus, while you live the medication for it might get better or maybe you'll just peacefully die from something else, who knows. Or if it happens, in some countries you can choose to legally euthanize yourself if I remember correctly.

[@crogon-yt]

"Genes that help you live longer will also help you take care of your grandkids [...] ensuring they survive and reproduce" Oof. Imagine Grandma as your wingman helping you get laid.

[@crystaleunoia3974]

If your drink gets roofied by an elderly woman, just know that her grandson is ugly and this is her last and only chance to be a great grandma..

[@niall5821]

It makes sense that Andean populations have evolved tolerance to arsenic water because it is a densely populated volcanic area

[@1MadJack1]

‎

[@logandunlap9156]

@Śrīhaṭṭa Vaiśvānara are you implying that we should be putting heavy metals and poisons in our drinking water to evolve tolerance?

[@eotwkdp]

@@logandunlap9156 or just pass on that gene somehow otherwise we would be murdering a few million people slowly

[@badguy7432]

@@logandunlap9156 you wont benefit tho, you might not even live to instill it into your genes to transfer to the next generation via reproduction. All these are just passed down in miniscule levels down to next gen. Only if a large number of people suffer from the same cause, a small number of babies will evolve to adapt

[@kobaltapollodorus8922]

“I’ve been building up an immunity to iocane powder.” People in the Andes: “That’s cute.”

[@Temp0raryName]

You call that deadly? Here, hold my goblet ...

[@QuanticChaos1000]

Anybody want a peanut?

[@sorenkair]

"i can survive on a diet consisting entirely of crayons and lighter fluid!"

[@juniorthird7952]

The princess Bride

[@derigel9783]

@@sorenkair Ehat?

[@TheSeventhChild]

The grandmother hypothesis: Genes that make you live longer increase your odds of becoming that parent who constantly badgers you about getting grandkids

[@StonedtotheBones13]

Funny how that then results in either no kids or no contact, thus kind of giving that gene the middle finger

[@LimeyLassen]

The Grandmother Hypothesis is true of wolves, orcas, and elephants. Learned this from a book on social animals called "Beyond Words". Losing an old female can cascade into more deaths if there isn't another experienced enough to take her place.

[@Demogarose]

"there's no reason for it to stop happening just because we've invented the wheel, wars, and New York city" Modern Medicine though... That's definitely hitting the brakes rather hard. I say this as someone with Type 1 Diabetes, I am living proof that negative selection pressure is greatly lessened by advances in medical science.

[@Jim-vg3vb]

Demogarose ya natural selection is almost non existent anymore.

[@highestqualitypigiron]

@@Jim-vg3vb don't worry, we'll develop genetic modifacation soon. Then we'll be able to get rid of all these bad genes that previously would be selected for without having to kill/ sterilise you like nature previously would have. Which sounds pretty good to me

[@MrVolodus]

Yes, it sounds cruel ... But on other hands, keeping "faulty" people with different genes gives us greater variability. Today you have problem, tomorrow diabetes can save your life. Like sickle cell anemia is disease, but saves people from malaria.

[@Toastmaster_5000]

@@highestqualitypigiron Soon? No way. We have CRISPR and yet it's pretty much universally banned to use on humans, even though it could be a huge boon to curing terrible genetic diseases.

[@gardenhead92]

Clayton humans are still a part of nature. Selection is still happening, it’s pretty much impossible to prevent. We’ve changed the environment so people with some diseases are no longer being selected against, but the invention of birth control for example is now favoring those who don’t use it.

[@joeblack3660]

Now I am worried my children might inherit my inability to reproduce :(

[@snakerdoodle1853]

I'm over thinking this comment way to much...

[@theturniptress805]

I'm sorry what

[@caraxes_noodleboi]

Try reproducing by grafting

[@Nick-hv8gj]

Ha! Clever.

[@zg6879]

😂

[@JB52520]

10:57 - If human evolution scares you, DON'T PANIC! We might end up as intelligent as the dolphins, mucking about in the water having a good time.

[@kensmith5694]

It is a bit surprising that we managed to invent fire without first working out what color it should be.

[@crystaleunoia3974]

The ice caps aren't gonna last forever, better grow some gills..

[@valiroime]

_So long, and thanks for all the fish!_

[@Envy_May]

@@crystaleunoia3974 mmm gills, perfect for breathing plastic

[@sophiepooks2174]

It is not evolution that scares, is that barely homosapien types that think humans can evolve in a few decades to suit the climate becoming more hostile to human life, or worse believe some supernatural being is coming to save humanity, while many nations carry on polluting in the name of progress, authoritarians and warmongers beating the war drums everywhere as the standards of living, especially for the unwealthy slowly gets worse .

[@coltafanan]

Humans: *eats Tide Pods* Evolution: wasn't my idea, okay

[@tadferd4340]

That's called a negative pressure that removes bad traits.

[@shhdfbfgjkffhk5010]

Hey the people that eats tide pods evolved from people that used to huff with paper sacks and spray cans😄😄😄

[@sinmasteas]

darwinism

[@onlockmobileskateshop113]

Evolutions way of culling the stupid

[@HebertSanchezMacbo]

@@onlockmobileskateshop113 UNDERRATED COMMENT. If it was in my power I will upvote you to infinity.

[@Pipsqwak]

I wish she'd talked about the evolution of skin color and how lightly-pigmented skin - i.e., "white" skin - is a very recent mutation that only occurred after the last Ice Age in some European populations. Analysis of ancient genomes reveals that all modern humans were dark-skinned until about the last 10,000 years; remains found in Ireland that were only about 6,000 years old revealed that the person, who had been born and raised in Ireland by isotope analysis, had very dark "black" skin and hair, with bluish eyes. When populations migrated to northern latitudes from Africa, dark skin would have created a problem with absorbing enough sunlight to produce vitamin D. The problem would have been compounded by the need to wear heavy clothing to protect against cold weather. Lighter skin would have been positively selected for in those environments. On an evolutionary time scale, this is an example of recent and ongoing evolution.

[@hannahk1306]

Cheddar man had similar colouring too. I can't remember exactly when he lived, but he was thought to be one of the earliest Britons. His remains were found in a cave in Cheddar Gorge.

[@letitiajeavons6333]

Except fish supply vitamin D so Salmon fishing cultures at the same latitudes such as Alaskan natives and Canadian First Nations people or Pacific Northwest Native Americans didn't need lighter skin and stayed brown.

[@MiniePixie]

@Letitia, now that is really interesting

[@freshoutofcrabs]

"the wheel, wars, and New York City" - I see that Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy reference.

[@janet6421]

So long and thanks for all the fish

[@franciscovera828]

Thank the milk salesman for that!!!

[@SuperTonyony]

Don't forget your towel!

[@Temp0raryName]

We need wings.

[@ritchey635]

just to be too lazy to fly, see walking in our species.

[@nuclearshorts1243]

Flap your arms everyday for 10 million years or so. They'll come in don't worry :)

[@spooderman_q]

Well wait for so called coincidence that invented this whole eco system to change you lol

[@KLFD530]

Fat people, start flapping those underarm flaps.

[@CathayanMagus]

Unless we gain hollow bone structures, wings alone will just make us as able to fly as penguins or any of the flightless birds...

[@spillymcspillmore3426]

Another possible way Alzheimer's could be decreasing: people whose parents have Alzheimer's may consciously choose to try to have fewer children either because they are spending time and money caring for an ill parent or they are worried about the possibility of themselves or their children developing Alzheimer's as well.

[@Tirani2]

One of the reasons my ex-husband and I both got ourselves sterilized was because neither of us felt the need to pass genes along. Alzheimer's runs strongly in his family, and cancer runs strongly in mine. We would have been brilliant parents, and things would have probably been okay, but we decided not to roll the dice.

[@checkmatefurries286]

SPEAK FOR YOURSELF, IM DEVOLVING.

[@davlor86]

we all are, we used to have the ability to climb trees, now many of us can't even walk a mile, let alone climb a tree

[@lebro4401]

Ok

[@jennygray3995]

There's no such thing devolving, a populaton adapting to a changed environment is still evolving even if the useful trait has previously been used in an earlier state.

[@ksam2000]

Just evolving but backwards

[@mpred8606]

@@jennygray3995 u mean natural selection but I think the comment is a joke anyway

[@XxThunderflamexX]

In particular, I rather suspect it's hard to raise a family while you're also trying to deal with an Alzheimer's-afflicted parent.

[@Sorkabeth]

Additionally, in the last couple generations (those who had access to birth control, especially) lots of people who watched their grandmothers deteriorate with something as awful as Alzheimer's have *chosen* not to have biological offspring because they don't want to pass that on.

[@noahmccann4438]

I was hoping someone would comment on this. It certainly seems like it would compound the effect - no longer receiving help from the parent and having to care for them at the same time. This might yield worse outcomes for the grandchildren, and might even lead to fewer grandchildren due to less time and resources.

[@nosuchthing8]

Sadly its feedback. If we lived in more dangerous times it would be quite rare for people to live to the point where they exhibited signs of alzheimer's. We have time to care for elderly parents because we dont need to raise as many children as before.

[@mustwereallydothis]

While that.may well be relevant in the future, it wouldn't have had much effect on evolution historically. Until recently, humans would have began having children in their late teens and finished raising most of them long before a parent began showing symptoms of dementia.

[@mustwereallydothis]

@@Sorkabeth I hope you are right about that. Sadly though, in my experience at least, the drive to reproduce often overrides such sensible thinking. Fortunatly though, people are more often choosing to wait until they are older and more financially secure to begin having children. That means they are also more emotionally mature and thus more able to think rationally about such things. People in their 30s are much less likely to view themselves as bulletproof than those in their 20s.

[@michellelaroche2189]

Wow, that was really interesting! That tweaks our whole understanding of survival of the fittest--it's not just about surviving to reproduce, but also about the qualities that will allow the species to be stronger as a whole. Blows my mind!

[@nab-rk4ob]

That was VERY interesting. Anthropology and gene studies should go hand in hand.

[@erinmoore6463]

Exactly! I love the implications. It’s great

[@IWashMyOwnBrain]

genetic engineering....................................

[@nab-rk4ob]

@Brook Heyes I agree that every difference is not genetics. There are accidents, a fight with a neighbor, a random illness or environmental factors that affect a people group.

[@luke-fh9gf]

Yeah

[@luke-fh9gf]

Can we alter the course of human evolution in the future so we don't need industrialism 🤔

[@WWZenaDo]

When getting taller is combined with long-term environmental degradation, it could be a negative feature since larger organisms are more affected by stress associated with lowered amounts of available nutrients.

[@futurestoryteller]

People seem to be under the impression that we're taller because we have access to more nutrients, but the Japanese are some of the longest lived people in the world. They're obviously healthy and have wide reaching cultural influence, but their average height is considered "short." It's said that taller people have slower reaction times that might have been essential to our ancestors in survival situations too. It's entirely possible that people weren't taller, on average, in the past, because the negatives simply outweighed the benefits. Now those things matter less than they once did.

[@SolarScion]

@@futurestoryteller That's because access to better nutrition _is_ a reason for increased height across populations. Look up the Neolithic height decline. The advent of agriculture was a (nutrition) health disaster for humans until the industrial "green" revolution, and pre-agrarian hunter-gatherers were closer to modern height than people from antiquity because of this. North Koreans are significantly shorter than S. Koreans due to malnutrition. It's not *just* about genetic baselines.

[@deborahhanna6640]

But giraffes are taller for those specific reasons. Maybe taller people just didn't fit into the 'hidey holes' when predators were around. Even if long legs made running away easier to get to the hiding spaces first, it does no good if you can't then fit into them or wiggle under that fallen log or whatever was available. Also, longer limbs are associated with colder climates (vikings) which is easier to associate with blood flow to extremities which can be folded up to conserve heat while smaller bodies just lose that heat too fast. Babies need to stay warmer, but babies already ARE naturally warmer for their temperature. Then again, tall husbands can just hide their stash in plain sight on the top shelves while the others in the household are starving for snacks during, for instance, a long miserable quarantine during which, there might only be one sole jar of pickles left which the husband laughs & refuses to open. But then he mysteriously smothers in the middle of the night with the disgusting old dog blanket wrapped around his face. Right there in his own bed next to his beloved sleeping spouse. Evolution strikes again. Being tallest does not mean being stealthiest. Or revengiest.

[@amicableenmity9820]

@@futurestoryteller Eh, actually the Japanese were taller in the Sengoku period because they had more access to protein. Look it up.

[@SuperTonyony]

Mammals survived the asteroid that killed the dinos by being small, because smaller bodies need less food. Future humans will probably become small, after industrial civilization collapses. Without fossil fuels and large-scale agriculture, the human population will need to be small in both numbers and stature.

[@madelinemcdonald2609]

When they don’t give a Fahrenheit conversion and you’re left wondering how hot 45* is 😂 Apparently it’s 113 *F

[@SuperTonyony]

I'm a 50-year-old Merkan, and in all of my years in public school, I was taught the Metric system for two weeks in General Science in the 7th grade. I still struggle to remember how big centimeters and grams are.

[@theturniptress805]

I know how hot 45 c is still I was very confused since I'm used to American people using Fahrenheit and I wondered how 45 f could be hot

[@cctrollz5706]

@@theturniptress805 The Celsius scale is like asking water the temp, 0 is frozen and 100 is boiling. The Fahrenheit scale is like asking a human the temperature, so 45 F is like 45% hot

[@LittleGenevieve]

@@cctrollz5706 that description makes me want to learn the Fahrenheit scale

[@cctrollz5706]

@@LittleGenevieve Even living in the US I still think the Celsius scale is better, you're not missing much.

[@leftylizard9085]

Nobody: Natural selection: To show you the power of Flex Tape™, I've cut this Aboriginal Australian's thyroxine production IN HALF

[@Yeah_Nahhh]

Yeah nah mate you noonga it’s from bush tukka and kangaroos not flex tape sorry ya abos

[@treborironwolfe978]

I'm only about 67% sure what you mean by that comment, but thumbs-up.

[@leftylizard9085]

@@treborironwolfe978 it was from the first example they gave

[@treborironwolfe978]

@@leftylizard9085 I have enough problems remembering to count all of my toes every morning to make sure they are still there and then "hope" that I remembered to plug in my phone to charge before I went to bed.. What were we talking about again?

[@colleenharding8665]

Good one

[@noeldenever]

Interesting content aside, I really enjoyed Olivia's narration in this video. Watching her old and new videos back to back really shown how much she had grown as scishow host. Keep moving forward, girl ❤

[@chevychase3103]

Not if you watch her hands! LOL

[@Zaihanisme]

Chevy Chase always something to nitpick, eh Karen?

[@henrydickerson9776]

The hands make her seem more conversational.

[@dadsfriendlyrobotcompany]

Also, I think she had a baby. She's got the mommy brain.

[@HermitObsessor]

I noticed that as well. The improvement is marked and really nice to see.

[@krazykkarl]

People are definitely getting taller. I am 36 and just shy above 6 feet tall. When I'm in a room of people my age and older I'm one of the taller people but when in a room of college age kids I'm just average. I live in a college town and interact with students quite a bit so I've been noticing this more and more!

[@pranavlimaye]

True. I am a lot taller than ALL of my aunts and uncles, but barely as tall as most of my friends

[@SuperTonyony]

I'm an example of "regression to the mean", being halfway between my parents' heights. I'm shorter than both of my grandfathers were.

[@pranavlimaye]

@@SuperTonyony are you sure you aren't going to get taller?

[@The_Savage_Wombat]

Might be longer term exposure to hormone altering chemicals in our environment causing taller, heavier, diabetic people with early onset heart disease and Alzheimer's.

[@tthis5299]

In my area it's quite the opposite. People are more shorter. Was absolutely shocked when I saw the grade 8s as they basically looked like preschoolers to me.

[@jonathanrouse]

Bruh I’m evolving to fight this coronavirus right now

[@allisond.46]

Sorry, you kind of have to get it first.

[@flipsideroot]

It doesnt work that way

[@willsilent]

your kids evolving for that would be less wrong

[@sinisterminister6478]

@@KingJamesBibleBeliever-de9fy Take it outside dude. No one here is buying it. This is a science channel not a bronze age fairy tale channel.

[@thedoorsbiggestfan]

I admire your bro science

[@killernat1234]

In some cases it’s going backwards, like this is mainly occurring in Florida

[@XxThunderflamexX]

A) Natural selection can't go backwards, that's not a logically consistent statement. B) Essentialism is going to get us all killed, don't be an essentialist. C) "Florida Man" stories have nothing to do with how dumb people in Florida are. The reporting laws in Florida are lax, so their stupid is much more visible.

[@TheKyubiisaan]

DragonSheep this was so obviously a joke, don’t be that guy

[@mastaw]

@@XxThunderflamexX That comment was obviously a joke

[@lanatherana157]

As a floridan I can confirm this is accurate

[@grill-surf-bust]

Florida Man exists somewhere between human and cryptid. But I'll still count it.

[@casperwhite1658]

I think Daria evolved into this lady 🎉

[@MeitanteiKuri]

😂

[@cameronwilliams676]

👀😂

[@robertstone9988]

This lady's genetics are unfortunate. A 4 on her best day. Her brains in her personality might bring up to a four and a half maybe a five. You would have to get to know her better.

[@punypufferman180]

@@robertstone9988 I think your upbringing is unfortunate, beauty is subjective and I think that you have the most skewed of beauty for sure

[@robertstone9988]

@@punypufferman180 beauty is subjective what you might think is a four I might think it's a three or vice versa but there's no one out there who would confuse a commonly held three as a 10. There's fax in their feelings and the facts are some people are more attractive than others you can deny it all you want but it's a fact. Just doesn't mean that someone has to be alone forever just means that you probably have to date somebody in your league. Every ugly guy out there with an ugly girl is with that ugly girl because hot girls were not available and vice versa.

[@ThrottleKitty]

"Bad grandmother genes" That sounds like a Mountain Goats song

[@ZijnShayatanica]

This is the best comment I've seen on this video & I'm sorry to see it was so underappreciated. 💕

[@ThrottleKitty]

@@ZijnShayatanica :D

[@Gothead420]

I read that people with a red-green deficiency like me in their eyes can spot camouflaged objects better than normal eyes...^^

[@alexanderwiggin846]

Where did you read that

[@Gothead420]

@@alexanderwiggin846 ecosia.org is your friend. ;-)

[@CK-xs3vq]

That's probably a side effect of biotransference. ;)

[@Gabo-wg3dv]

Yeah but you also can't see the difference between other color of objects lol

[@cassieoz1702]

Is that a useful trait in your daily life?

[@candiduscorvus]

New York City isn't looking like such a great invention these days.

[@salomibold341]

Why ? Is it because of the pandemic ?

[@stone8714]

@@salomibold341 that additional being a bureaucratic hell hole

[@Roanoke117]

?

[@09Dragonite]

I'm also curious what you mean here. It is kind of vague.

[@mattfry6716]

The only traits I have is that I can wiggle my ears and make goosebumps appear at will.

[@novastar3990]

I got the ears one but WHAT?! Teach me the second!

[@CarFreeSegnitz]

The ONLY traits. So no hair? No arms? No head or torso? You're just a pair of ears that can wiggle and raise goosebumps at will?

[@Aphelia.]

@@CarFreeSegnitz this comment made my day

[@erinmoore6463]

Mutant!

[@ac.creations]

@@novastar3990 i shrug my shoulders and the motion and the feeling of my clothes on the back of my neck is what triggers the shiver/goose bumps

[@AndromedaCripps]

It’s kind of amazing that while everything the world is changed right now, SciShow has had almost no perceptible variation. It’s still the same way it’s always been and that’s comforting. Meanwhile, you’re also putting out the most helpful videos *about* the pandemic that I’ve seen. Thank you so much everyone at SciShow. You’re doing an amazing job ❤️👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

[@tallenpelegrin7026]

Of course we're still evolving! The process is just generally extremely slow. There is no reason why we should ever stop evolving unless the environment in which we live eventually becomes unchanged for a very very long time.

[@sarahgerhardt4747]

Some people: don’t get wisdom teeth Me: gets them at 11

[@VariantAEC]

I didn't get all my wisdom teeth. The dentist didn't notice at first... he was looking at the x-ray.

[@SultanZay]

Sarah Gerhardt mannn you must be so wise😂

[@matthewbittenbender9191]

Sarah Gerhardt if you’re hat a 23 and Me done and see how much Neanderthal DNA you have, it might explain that. I got mine early and my theory is is that I have a few points more of that DNA than the average person.

[@sarahgerhardt4747]

Matthew Bittenbender I actually did ancestry and they don’t tell you your Neanderthal dna 👎🏻 I’m gonna assume it’s pretty high though from the regions that I got on my other test

[@beth8775]

I had 6. The x-ray tech did a double take, and my insurance company demanded they resumbit the x-rays before they would cover any of the bill.

[@Josephmgo1]

The sea people of the Philippines and Indonesia have a special film over their eyes to help them see underwater when fishing. Nepalese who live in the Himalayas have 30% larger lungs. Middle eastern people have longer eyelashes to help protect their eyes from sand. People from hot regions retain water better. Green and blue eyed people see better at night and browned eyed people see better in the day and have less glare.

[@larissapontezdemello2951]

I LOVE the videos! Really! But I would seriously recommend adding some pauses throughout, just so our brains could catch up to all the info, you know?

[@williamsutter8047]

You know if anyone could develop an app with a zoom function, much like google earth where the closer you zoom, the more you see, ranging from full bodies all the way down to antibodies and genes well... I'd buy that app.

[@mrroams5812]

Cool idea. It would take an insane amount of effort and research though. It would need to be a decent simulation of the entire human body to be able to zoom anywhere on it and get down to the genetic level. Might take up too much space on your phone's harddrive too haha.

[@sdfkjgh]

7:18 Meanwhile, legroom and headroom on airplanes is getting smaller and smaller, because _Kapitalismus über alles._

[@Endymion766]

Yes wouldn't it be great if we could have a communist airline that shrank the space even more and cut off your feet if you complained?

[@slappy8941]

@@Endymion766 Yeah, damn those evil capitalists for trying to deliver goods and services to as many people as possible at competitive rates! They should restrict their products and services to only a small, elite group of consumers. Oh wait, that would be called _socialism._ Why don't you move to North Korea or Venezuela?

[@Mii.2.0]

@@Endymion766 Ok weeb.

[@kroxxy123]

The answer "I don't know" is far more satisfying than "God did it"

[@viniciusdesouzamaia]

Here's a fifth sign of human evolution: y'all 'member when some members of this audience complained about Olivia as a presenter? Man, those past times sucked.

[@LordKalus]

This makes me wonder how much a few hundred years of medieval wars using swords and shields helped to select for more right handed people in the world. If you're left handed you use the shield with your right hand, meaning if you miss a defensive blow with it the odds of getting cleaved in the heart are pretty good.

[@tesmith47]

Only in European folks

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Very interesting and worthwhile video. Many thanks for the informative links to relevant scientific papers.

[@blursey3455]

SciShow : Human Still evolving Lil pump born Evolution : Where Did I go wrong..?

[@Nata-rb4vc]

The one thing that gets me about GWAS studies is that they’re almost always on populations of white european descent. Meaning that their results rarely apply to people of pretty much any other ethnicity. That’s why it’s so cool that Scishow found a GWAS study on 2!!! groups of indigenous people! Gg scishow!

[@charlieknight8563]

Once again another great video. Thank You SciShow and wishing everyone a blessed day.

[@hotdrippyglass]

You and the Team really did an excellent job on this one my friends. Congratulations on untangling a very complex subject and presenting it in a way that is thoroughly understandable. Your parents and teacher must be very proud of you. I know I am.

[@danminer5343]

This video had absolutely NOTHING to do with what 'evolution' would require! Instead, it only described the Creation model already existing doing what it was created to do, without never adding any new protein, enzyme, micro system or body system. God created Adam and Eve with over 14 million genes and modules etc. where heterozygocity could exist to proved variable traits so that everybody would have a different amount of the same proteins, parts and systems. There is no evolutionary difference between anybody how has ever lived. The fiction story of evolution has been exposed as garbage/

[@proloycodes]

@@danminer5343 yeah man, and you are living proof that evolution does not work. otherwise dumb people wouldn't exist in this world if evolution actually worked.

[@t.a.c7292]

I’ve seen lots of comments saying that this is actually “de-evolving.” Evolution doesn’t work backwards, and unless humans are becoming more like apes, we aren’t evolving backwards. Losing certain traits doesn’t mean you’re evolving backwards, if a trait makes you better at surviving, it’s still evolution.

[@julianshepherd2038]

We are devo

[@paulmahoney7619]

julian shepherd that isn’t a coherent statement.

[@xyex]

Even if we were becoming more chimp like again it still wouldn't be "backward" because, as you said, there is no backward. Or forward. There's just different.

[@regular-joe]

Unless you call the development of intelligence and reasoning capabilities a form of evolution, and then it does make a kind of sense: our species is becoming less intelligent and capable of logic. Seems to me.

[@paulmahoney7619]

j k that doesn’t really make sense, note the Flynn effect, people got smarter faster than genetics could possibly account for, and in some places still are. en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect

[@JMigas100]

I miss Olivia :( She was such a good host. I hope she's succeeding at whatever she's doing now. Olivia, if you see this comment, cheers!

[@paulbennett7021]

When I saw the 1st caption, I thought at first it said 'Beating the Meat'. That's what Olivia does to me!

[@coredumperror]

"Really hot. Like 45 degrees PLUS hot" *looks confused in American*

[@AceOfSpades6699]

It's 113 degrees F. As a European having to convert measurements all the time, I was surprised at that one and thought I misheard. :)

[@Pisti846]

@@AceOfSpades6699 As an American I am used to converting the other way but I knew what she meant from context. But since she sounds American I assumed she used Celsius to make up for her looks.

[@AceOfSpades6699]

@@Pisti846 I believe the study cited is Swedish, so maybe it was just left as-is, without conversion.

[@nosuchthing8]

It's a science show and 90% of science is done in metric.

[@somefuckstolemynick]

IstvanN1961 maybe it’s just the fact that a majority of the worlds population, and thus likely their audience, use metric.

[@klutterkicker]

This episode taught me some new things about genetics in general and how it's studied.

[@MellonVegan]

Just wanted to take a moment to say that I appreciate how much she's improved her presentation over time. It's really good now and certainly doesn't go unnoticed!

[@robertgriffin6049]

My children have slight genetic changes due to the trials of my life up until they were born , any hardships I've had to overcome will be passed on genetically to them enabling them to deal with those same hardships a little better , it's like gene memory learning it happening constantly .

[@DougOfTheAntarctic]

Another example would be adaptation to living at high altitudes among people living in the high Andes mountains and in Nepal.

[@sofiatgarcia3970]

Thank you, Olivia, very enlightening, and I love your voice. It makes listening to SciShow that much more enjoyable.

[@SultanZay]

Instead of G-WAS it should be pronounced Gwaasss” like a baby trying to say grass

[@svenmorgenstern9506]

Or Elmer Fudd - "That wascally wabbit's hiding in da gwass..." Got it. 👍

[@SultanZay]

@@svenmorgenstern9506 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

[@helloworld0911]

Or even Jonathan Woss

[@mattk6101]

Maybe if there was an extra "S"

[@seleuf]

Genes found in much lower levels in older generations than younger ones could also indicate it's a new adaptation on the rise. You'd have to cross reference with even older samples to see if it's a new mutation or has been around for a while.

[@ronkirk5099]

I don't know about anyone else, but I really enjoy these snippets of science. Thanks, Scishow!

[@L1teralsatan]

I know I personally didn't have any wisdom teeth, so I am part of the small pool of people who already evolved those out, which is pretty cool in my opinion

[@Elitecommando501]

You want a cookie Mr. Evolved Master race?

[@cloudwyrms9752]

“This generation is getting taller” Me, who never even reached 5ft: _aha. ahahaha._

[@cloudwyrms9752]

MetraMan09 Not like I ever care for having kids lmao

[@legrandliseurtri7495]

It's an average. There will cases of shorter people, or even extremely tall people.

[@Asian.Thomas]

"I wonder how natural selection work on humans now a days." Humans: *eats tidepods and licks toilet* Natural Selection: "It's complicated.."

[@willythemailboy2]

Could say the same of "rides motorcycles".

[@SuperTonyony]

We also elected the POTUS from "Idiocracy".

[@loupax]

> Sees clickbait title > Sighs audibly Click...

[@thomasewing2656]

Humans don't have long to go--what a niaevely positive hope that we still have time to evolve!

[@donjoel6754]

This is quite fascinating. I mostly came through to this hypothesis by simply researching different groups associated in different parts of the world, like the savannah in Namibia to the people of the Arctic tundra. Their eating habits and living conditions definitely causes certain adaptations over a long period of time.

[@harvest5218]

I'm taller than both my parents but I'm still short.

[@Naptosis]

It's alright, you're just more efficient than taller people. And you'll always be appreciated since your people destroyed The One Ring.

[@VariantAEC]

How short?

[@harvest5218]

@@VariantAEC ~5'7"

[@dragonfury1565]

Harvest Dude, you do realize that the world wide average for males is 5’ 9” and for females its 5” 5’, you do realize that right?? .w. I however am definitely below average at 5’ 2”

[@harvest5218]

@@dragonfury1565 I don't live in the world, I live here, and even just in my family that's short.

[@zacharyhiland300]

It seems obvious that lower frequency of a gene in the elderly suggests that it is causing them to die at a younger age, but I don't see how observing that lower frequency tells us anything about the gene being selected out of the population. Rather, wouldn't a signal of such a negative selection be lower rates in both the elderly and the young, with a higher rate in the middle aged? As a matter of fact, it seems likely that you could completely separate the two. Low prevalence among the elderly means the gene is bad for your long term survival, and low prevalence among the young means it is being selected against. It would be only when we saw both at once that we might infer that the CAUSE of the negative selection pressure is the earlier deaths that the genes caused.

[@lonestarr1490]

That's the point I also didn't get. I mean, how could there be any selecting against genes that only take effect in old age, when you've already passed on your genetic code? Wouldn't that imply some form of presentiment in evolution?

[@Skinnymarks]

@@lonestarr1490 There can still be selection bias because of group dynamics. Like groups that have more grand parents that aren't sick are likely to be more successful. Tho still confused about how we where able to tell that the gene was being selected out.

[@ettinakitten5047]

Finally! Someone other than me pointing out that the study really isn't showing what she says it's showing.

[@skYt9139]

Oh the arsenic in water thing. A village in my town has naturally occurring arsenic in their area, and a Dutch org (probably NGO) published a paper about it placing our town in the hot seat... That's why lot of university students always try to test the arsenic level of that area for "thesis".

[@brandonzzz9924]

Our behavior definitely change quite a bit in the last 65,000 years. You could argue that behavioral changes to suit civilization are an adaptation rather than evolution, but nonetheless our behaviors are vastly different than our ancestors. I would argue that humans evolved to make use of a new environment when we started cooperative agriculture (civilization) around 10-15k years ago. While our anatomy hasn't changed much, it is very likely that our neurochemistry is wildly different, comparatively. Also, our social units have changed from tribal to whatever we have now that the internet is here and we are trending more towards a eusocial species classification. Most "democratic" countries are seeing large scale social movements to increase homogeneity among its citizens by way of criminalizing differences and enforcing conformity to the average which takes us on the path towards a species that , socially, operates more as a single entity than a vast amount of individual entities. I would argue that this qualifies as a social evolutionary change and that social characteristics are more important to natural selection than physical, in some cases.

[@PlayJAKPlays]

Can we select out the whole eyelash falling into eyes thing next? or perhaps ear hair?

[@Lucy-fn9rj]

off topic but the narrator has a really pleasant voice, it’s so relaxing

[@ZergforLoser]

The definition of evolution is the shift in genetic equilibrium in a population of a species, with or without directions.

[@ZergforLoser]

@@WaterspoutsOfTheDeep i need you to build a time machine to solve this mystery. Much appreciated in an advance.

[@ZergforLoser]

@@WaterspoutsOfTheDeep It is indeed interesting time to live in. Isnt it?

[@ZergforLoser]

@@WaterspoutsOfTheDeep But I still expect you to make time machine :p

[@AlbertaGeek]

@@WaterspoutsOfTheDeep Literally your entire post is wrong, showing a total ignorance of existing science and the evidence supporting it.

[@ZergforLoser]

@@WaterspoutsOfTheDeep Sounds fair!

[@Michelle_Schu-blacka]

I've always wondered if, when looked at by an Evolutionary Biologist or similar, humans are radically different to humans from just 100 years ago. I.e, are there a vast number of changes when viewed using all the tools of science?

[@assdan27]

There's probably some differences that could be quantified, but I'd doubt it's significant. 100 years is only about 3-5 generations, which isn't a ton of time for change. Large quantifiable difference in humans of now vs 100 years ago are probably way more environmental than genetic.

[@lugaruna]

The fun thing is that some genes have been linked to adhd, im nor sure what they are called unfortunatly. Still it is interesting to know that in alot of placed where tribes still hunt that the most succesfull hunters have adhd indicators. It fasinates me to know that a long time ago those same people with adhd traveld all over the place because they could not sit still and had seen everything there was around them.

[@sparagnino]

How Number 3 happened? 90% of girls on Tinder: "Swipe left if your height is less than..."

[@thepaintingbanjo8894]

"Genes are making us taller." Ah. That's why short guys have it so challenging to find a date.

[@declaringpond2276]

That would be a societal problem. Like toxic masculinity and sexual traits being valued in money

[@MrCmon113]

No, it's precisely the other way around.

[@LeMAD22]

@@declaringpond2276 It's not a societal problem ffs. Our genes are determining most of these behaviors, and we use society to limit behaviors that may be good for the individual, but bad for the group. Which btw is most probably also in our genes. At least that's the current belief in biology that we are both fighting for our own genes, and for the entire lineage. Thus racism, wars, etc. But also everything good that society does, promotes and enforce. Other animals have completely different sets of "morals", which is nothing more than a bunch of data in our DNA that randomly evolved depending on what worked for our survival. If we don't eat our children, it's not because we're good people, it's because it's written in our genes not to do it because that would be bad for the lineage/the race. Species who do eat the kids tend to disappear after a while...

[@DrPonner]

LeMAD22 It’s a societal problem. Humans aren’t blind slaves to their genetics. And human sexual selection is very complicated.

[@buljo27]

Why not a little of both. Our Gene's help guide to want to mate with taller people and society reinforces this idea

[@LaxmikantKachhap]

Evolution gave me a gift that I can blur my vision or sharpen it like really sharp. Its effect can be seen as I can see through glasses of any power used by humans just by blurring or sharpening my vision.

[@NealeBaxter]

I had a great aunt that still read the entire metropolitan newspaper, every day, without glasses, at age 104.

[@cutbaithooks3376]

Whenever I see people with nose rings I feel compelled to offer them a tissue

[@no1Liikeglenn]

I've heard that people in parts of northern china has that Arsenic tolerance as well.

[@ChurlzVA]

Racist

[@no1Liikeglenn]

@@ChurlzVA eh what?

[@no1Liikeglenn]

@Churlz Chinese/asian people have the higest Iq amongst all humans. You can't be asian that's for sure. If you where the gene factory screwed up big time when you where made....

[@ChurlzVA]

@@no1Liikeglenn no u

[@arnoldloudly5423]

You are rapidly becoming SciShow's best presenter, just oozing confidence in recent vid's. This one made me want to comment. You've also learned what to do with all the beauty you used to try to hide. Go girl.......x

[@JRS3540]

I've been curious about a pretty random human evolutionary possibility since I was very young. Is it possible that humans will evolve a swept-back rib cage because the current design seems to lead to spinal problems? Having the internal organs located in front of (or hanging from when we were knuckle draggers) the spine was a stable design in the past but now it puts harmful strain on the spine as we spend our time upright. Is it likely that humans will evolve to have spines more centrally located with ribs and organs surrounding it on all sides (picture a Christmas tree) or will medical advances allow people suffering the negative effects to survive through surgery and pain medication to limit it's effect negating the natural selection that causes evolution?

[@DavesChaoticBrain]

I like how this episode just doesn't acknowledge Fahrenheit at all. hehe. Progress at last!

[@christianheichel]

Lol most Americans probably don't like that.

[@subatomiclokimc]

I don't speak Celsius though :(

[@DavesChaoticBrain]

@@subatomiclokimc You would if you're country ever decided to leave the stone age.

[@DavesChaoticBrain]

@@christianheichel There's always this little thing called, "learning" that they could do, you know, if their politicians weren't so focused on constantly making cuts to education...Though I hear there's this new thing where you can go to learn almost anything you want! I think they call it the Internet or something...Hehehe

[@alvallac2171]

@@DavesChaoticBrain *your (possessive) you're = contraction of "YOU aRE"

[@JonathanJRichter]

Great "The Hitchhiker's Guid to the Galaxy" reference!

[@Vaxtin]

Getting taller? Me still being 5'3'' and well out of school: HA..

[@jesusclause4164]

Vaxtin *cries in 5ft*

[@KSWfarms]

I feel ya. 35 and 5'3" myself. My mother used to be 5ft now she's down to 4'11" :/

[@MrAyybee2cold]

6’2” with back problems at 25 lol.

[@unidentifiedbipedallifeform]

I stopped growing up at 5'6" and started growing out. At least im taller than my mom.

[@Vaxtin]

@@unidentifiedbipedallifeform My father is a relevantly tall man I think, but I am taller than my mother, so..

[@Jennifer-gw1hi]

I have no wisdom teeth at all so that’s pretty cool. Could that be due to evolution? I don’t know if that’s because my DNA didn’t code for them or some other reason, but still 🤷🏼‍♀️

[@proton8689]

evolution

[@Jennifer-gw1hi]

Yeah ok : I’m 22 and my dentist told me they would’ve been here by now. There’s no evidence of wisdom tooth formation in my xrays as well. They’ve always just said I’m extremely lucky! Both my parents had wisdom teeth, all 4 of them. It sucks that in some people they come in multiple times, i would HATE to have that pain and I’m sorry you got the bad end of the stick genetically right there

[@TazPessle]

@@Jennifer-gw1hi my family has something similar, where my mums side doesn't grow wisdom teeth in the lower jaw. I have both my top wisdom teeth only too.

[@xyex]

@Yeah ok I also lacked wisdom teeth. I'm 35 now, way past when they should have appeared. I think it's about 30-40% of the population that never grows them, slightly less than the percentage of folks who can handle dairy.

[@erinmoore6463]

I know someone without any, too! It’s wild. Congrats on being a mutant! Evolutionary bonus is you avoid early death by not having to risk infection after wisdom tooth removal!

[@nathanielanderson4898]

This is my favorite scientists. I could listen to her talk for hours.

[@selvesteraudrin4605]

Since we use phones/ computers more than ever, our eyesight has really suffered alot. Do you think our body will "evolve" to compensate for this?

[@VariantAEC]

Potentially by getting weaker and less agile in large limbs to support faster more precise control of the digits and also by depositing more fat in the buttocks. This is all speculation of course.

[@selvesteraudrin4605]

@@VariantAEC i just hope we will evolve so that our eyes can regenerate faster than we abuse them😂

[@alvallac2171]

*a lot Two words, not one. Think of it like this: - a few - a little - a bunch - a _whole_ bunch - a lot - a _whole_ lot

[@MrCmon113]

It already compensates for this by buying glasses.

[@MrCmon113]

@@VariantAEC I think being buff is more of an advantage than being able to type faster.

[@sonicdude210]

10:58 Life: Evolution is my past, present, and future!

[@ferencgazdag1406]

And your ultimate faliure to keep your genes alive.

[@hellwithit]

Yes humans are evolving! MY BOSS WAS A BIGGER PRICK TODAY Than HE was yesterday!!

[@conornorris6815]

"but if your not as tall as your ancestor, you may have gotten the short end of the genetic stick" you didnt have to roast me, gosh

[@alvallac2171]

*you're (contraction of "YOU aRE") "Your" is for possession.

[@hachimaki47]

We might need longer thumb genes to accommodate ever growing smartphones..

[@VariantAEC]

My thumb isn't shorter than anyone else's, but it sure is broad! Smartphone touch UIs do not accommodate my thumb phenotype.

[@lostammo9026]

We only live less than a hundred years most of us bearly make it to our 50s just imagine if we lived 300 years we would watch ourselves evolve and master our lives

[@sjpugsie]

Looks like we're doing some devolving lately

[@w-poopers]

Hey, I'm early... But last time anyone was this early... they were Australopithecus.. AN EXTINCT SPECIES!!! 😓😓😓

[@christianheichel]

Sad bit of fact darwinist back in the late 19th century, early 20th century decided to kill/abuse Aborigines and just in general get rid of them because they didn't want the gene pool getting less evolved they claimed that they were less evolved than we were. I wonder what would have happened if they had decided that we were less evolved than them and tried to go and kill us

[@davlor86]

@@christianheichel not racist or anything but it may be that some races evolve differently than others, for example, blacks are known to be good for sport but not really science, Asians on other hand are not the greatest athletes but lot of modern technology is created by them,

[@VariantAEC]

@@davlor86 When discussing race... Don't worry about being called racist, some idiot will always argue against widely supported observations to fulfill their white knight quota.

[@ettinakitten5047]

10:19 The study she's describing actually *doesn't* show that Alzheimer's is being selected against. It's fully consistent with what you'd expect for a gene that shortens lifespan but isn't selected against. The study gives no evidence that the APOE variant is actually affecting reproduction, just post-reproductive survival. The grandmother hypothesis is neat, but that study is completely irrelevant to it.

[@garethbaus5471]

I am not as tall as my father, either of my grandfathers, and at least one possibly all of my great grandfathers. Guess I am not as tall as my ancestors, or my younger siblings.