Everything turning into Lead is similar to Everything turning to crabs. It all comes down to Shells 07:17
@oxylepy29 ай бұрын
Omfg. 😅😂😅😂😂😂😂😂
@Landersama9 ай бұрын
This will not get as many likes as it deserves. 10,000 likes someday? Still not enough.
@MischaKavin9 ай бұрын
Well played
@margodphd9 ай бұрын
Brilliant 😂
@PaladinofRealm9 ай бұрын
Sorry to be that guy... But atoms dont actually have shells.
@General12th9 ай бұрын
Ancient Romans didn't reduce wine in lead vessels because lead acetate was amazingly sweet. (It's about as sweet as sugar, but there's less than a gram of it per liter compared to the 200+ grams per liter of regular sugar.) Instead, it's because the other vessel they _could_ have reduced wine in was made of copper, but copper acetate tastes _awful._
@wfemp_47309 ай бұрын
I don't know, I love the taste of copper acetate...
@Henry-12219 ай бұрын
How do you know this?
@glacierwolf21559 ай бұрын
This officially proves that lead is tastier than copper.
@bruceanderson77629 ай бұрын
Hmmm😢
@ZenithWest1699 ай бұрын
Ironically that does in fact (technically) means they did do it because lead acetate is sweet. But your fun fact does change what that specific means and gives way more insight as to why it was used.
@plebcrabslayer9 ай бұрын
All roads lead to lead.
@swiftmatic8 ай бұрын
Noice!😂😂😂
@paulglawson28667 ай бұрын
Well that’s just plain dumb and stupid: And absolutely brilliant!
@joepemberton90316 ай бұрын
All roads (once) lead (in order) to lead
@Texas_Swift6 ай бұрын
The man has been lead to lead on roads.
@filmingle62275 ай бұрын
all things you read have been read
@jmvh592 ай бұрын
Anybody else find it ironic that dangerous radioactive material eventually becomes the thing that protects people from radiation?
@MrFunny01Ай бұрын
You’ll be surprised but uranium 238 is used as a radiation shield. It’s radioactive but it will shield the higher radioactivity.
@carlsoto174729 күн бұрын
Depleted Uranium is even better at doing it. All it comes down to is "mass in the path"
@hisholiness453727 күн бұрын
You either die a villain or live long enough to see yourself become the hero.
@CarpenterChris7 күн бұрын
Na radio active material doesn't turn into lead dude ....there past lead
@shimrrashai-rc8fq9 ай бұрын
It's worthwhile added _why_ "adding more neutrons" only goes up to a point: in theory, it _would_ work further on, but the trick is as you start adding too many neutrons, that little thing known as the "weak nuclear force" starts getting in the way and causing the excess neutrons to want to decay into protons. So you get a rock and a hard place situation between the electrostatic force on the one hand (i.e. too _few_ neutrons) and the weak nuclear force on the other hand (i.e. too _many_ neutrons) and eventually the two squeeze out all room left for stability.
@aqdrobert9 ай бұрын
The Doctor: We need to reverse the polarity of the neutron flow. It's a Time Lord thing.
@TheRealHungryHobo2 ай бұрын
There are real (we've made elements in a lab already), and theoretical "Islands of stability" where you can actually get incredibly heavy elements. In theory there's a whole slough of stable elements that have an extra ~50 or so neutrons beyond anything that's naturally stable, the problem is actually getting there in the first place, it's more or less impossible.
@Dedelblute3Ай бұрын
So, I’m just wondering (as someone who knows only theory - and not much of that) if there are any other forces that might contribute to atomic stability that outpace the destabilizing forces with big enough numbers. Gravity is my guess, given its great track record with keeping things together, but I assume a lot of the forces involved with stability of atoms are just way stronger than gravity at that size and weight.
@personaslates9 ай бұрын
The future is nothing but Lead Crabs.
@Flesh_Wizard9 ай бұрын
All hail Carcinoplumbum, the Ultimate Lead Crab
@donhoverson63489 ай бұрын
All radioactive elements become lead. All living things become crabs and all food becomes candy so the ultimate endpoint of evolution is lead crab candy. Yum.
@TheReaverOfDarkness9 ай бұрын
All elements above lead are not simply plumbogenic but are also carcinogenic. Coincidence? I think not.
@TNT_Golem9 ай бұрын
@@donhoverson6348yes, Yes, YES!
@intractablemaskvpmGy9 ай бұрын
Good one. Since different species have involved into crabs separately! Five times! That means crabs went extinct 4 times and a very excellent organism despite that. Like sharks and spiders
@mikki4299 ай бұрын
"It's still magic even if you know how it's done" - Sir Terry Pratchett
@CAPSLOCKPUNDIT9 ай бұрын
ANY SUFFICIENTLY ADVANCED MAGIC IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM SCIENCE
@Numbabu9 ай бұрын
@@CAPSLOCKPUNDITany sufficiently crude science is indistinguishable from magic
@jesipohl67179 ай бұрын
Any philosophical truism is usually baseless.
@trueriver19509 ай бұрын
@@Numbabu the original quote was from Arthur C Clarke, "any sufficiently advanced technology (? science) is indistinguishable from magic" Not sure if the original said science or technology
@Numbabu9 ай бұрын
@@trueriver1950 "Any sufficiently crude magic is indistinguishable from technology" is a quote from Cookie Clicker riffing on that one
@Impossiblah9 ай бұрын
I love that the imagine chosen for "alchemists trying to turn lead into gold" you chose was Hennig Brand boiling urine until he discovered Phosphorus
@ThirtytwoJ9 ай бұрын
Being what he was shootin for, he prob ate the first batch too
@thomasciarlariello9 ай бұрын
See Francois Boucher's paintings of "Bourdaloue" so before one uses an antique gravy remember where a lady from m 17th to 19th centuries had placed it so any asperities could contain traces of her excrement of secret recipe flavors of family get togethers .
@thomasciarlariello9 ай бұрын
Did you see "Neo Seoul 2144 A.D." of "Cloud Atlas" for "Papa Songs Taste of a Waitress Sonmi 451" with a ship in the harbor or see 2020 production of "Brave New World" where protagonists flew past "chemical recovery crematorium furnaces" in an "Aurora" personal jet craft?
@unixnut6 ай бұрын
Ah yes, my favourite type of research: Piss Science.
@frosuski8 ай бұрын
I've been watching your videos for years, and this one was particularly interesting and well explained :)
@TampaCEO9 ай бұрын
I am a software engineer with nearly no education in chemistry. I learned more from this 14 minute video than I did throughout my entire education. SUBSCRIBED!!!
@SweBeach20239 ай бұрын
No, maybe you understood more but only because you already had a pretty decent understanding of chemistry and physics including concepts such as neutrons, protons, electrons, decay, half-life etc.
@TampaCEO9 ай бұрын
@@SweBeach2023OK you got me there. I did receive a really good education in high school. But my interest in chemistry really comes from studying astronomy. I have always loved astronomy even back to when I was a child. When I learned about how stars create the elements, chemistry suddenly became interesting to me. So everything I know chemistry, I learned from astronomy. It's all really fascinating stuff. 🙂
@louistournas1209 ай бұрын
@@SweBeach2023 Remind me to send you a copy of the Chemistry book.
@LiborTinka9 ай бұрын
I was a software engineer but burned out and now studying chemistry for couple years. I can say with confidence that even the most boring stuff taught in school (e.g. atomic orbitals) become interesting once you dig a little deeper. But the "deeper" stuff is never taught so people aren't able to make connections and mechanically learn the facts. I often started with questions like: "But why magnesium exists only as metal or in +2 state? Could there be any magnesium +1 compound? If so, how it looks? And if not, why?" ... then I continued on wonderful journey with Wikipedia and only then the chemistry textbook became entertaining!
@louistournas1209 ай бұрын
@@LiborTinka How nature works is a very fundamental question that any human should have. Congratulations for studying chemistry. I am an amateur chemist. Why magnesium is a metal is a subject of the solid state and this is usually not explained at the high school level and bachelor level. I have taken a course in physics, solid state physics but this deals with semiconductors only. I remember that there was a lot of equations and non of them were explained. So essentially, when you have an atom where the final orbital electrons are loosely attracted to the nucleus, they are free enough to jump around from atom to atom. Such materials are metals. The free electrons participate in electrical conduction. The core electrons do not. The free electrons help in heat transfer so metals are always good heat conductors. The energy needed to remove the first and second electron of magnesium is pretty close, so magnesium loses 2 electrons during a chemical reaction. Once it loses those 2 electrons, 12 protons attract 10 electrons, so the atom contracts. It is more difficult to remove a 3 rd electron. If you want to figure out the electrical conductivity, heat conductivity, hardness, crystal structure, this is a topic in solid state physics and it is complicated. I have not really studied it.
@superkamehameha17449 ай бұрын
Lead is the atomic version of Crabs
@vbeat83559 ай бұрын
I can predict that this is gonna be an underrated comment!
@redmadness2659 ай бұрын
@@vbeat8355Sitting here for it
@Bildgesmythe9 ай бұрын
Lead crabs!
@baurochs22839 ай бұрын
@@Bildgesmythedont be givin nature any ideas now, dont need crabs walkin around like metal mario
@TNT_Golem9 ай бұрын
@baurochs2283 we sure as hell do need metal crabs running around!
@Sirfing_Wolf9 ай бұрын
Somebody at Scishow has gotten into a chemistry obsession recently and I’m loving it
@samandom87729 ай бұрын
He got the Hankfection. Makes you hyperfixated on a specific topic for a brief period of time.
@NotSoMuchFrankly9 ай бұрын
@@samandom8772I'm sure Mr. Green will be glad to know he's got a disease named after him.
@gamtax9 ай бұрын
Because NileRed stops giving us chemistry content. 😥
@aristokatclaude34139 ай бұрын
@@gamtaxdidn't he recently release a video?
@gamtax9 ай бұрын
@@aristokatclaude3413 He does. Just much less than before.
@davetoms19 ай бұрын
The Island of Stability is one of my favorite scientific predictions. I hope we discover one!
@Mr-__-Sy9 ай бұрын
and have the decency to name them all the fantasy metals we have in myths and comics, I mean come on how fun would be to have oricalcum or adamantium as an element in the periodic table?
Yea, though I wander through the valley of stability, I will fear no electrons
@OrangeeDude9 ай бұрын
I'm really enjoying all the chemistry videos lately! Keep them up :)
@BDayGhostie9 ай бұрын
Bro what is this bot account doing
@iCortex19 ай бұрын
Fr yapping away @@BDayGhostie
@VictorLHouette9 ай бұрын
And every cassette left in a car for long enough will eventually turn into the greatest hits of Queen
@RogerKeulen6 ай бұрын
In a lead car driven by a crab
@arnoldleaf45215 ай бұрын
Not Queen , Lead Zeppelin!
@sugalad43354 ай бұрын
I GOT THAT REFERENCE
@jeffreyleonard72102 ай бұрын
Way! That happens via decay into wearenothworthium269
@asrcav8r2 ай бұрын
@@arnoldleaf4521 Nope, Queen.
@detritic9 ай бұрын
This video really feels like it needed that one extra anecdote about how Iron lies in the sweet spot between fission and fusion
@brassman75999 ай бұрын
I was thinking the same thing. There's a whole discussion to be had there about nuclear binding energy and fission/fusion as well as radiation and nuclear stability.
@kurosakiichigo74759 ай бұрын
Really? He never mentioned this??
@spvillano9 ай бұрын
Well, lithium deserves honorable mention, largely because it's weird.
@connerblank50699 ай бұрын
That's my favorite nuclear physics fact! Was coming down here to mention it, in fact.
@spvillano9 ай бұрын
@@connerblank5069as I mentioned, lithium is weird. It will fuse easily enough, but it'll also fission easily and is used in lithium deuteride form in thermonuclear weapons as a tritium source.
@Michael755799 ай бұрын
I like the fact that "magic numbers" was originally a derisive term but is now the accepted nomenclature, similar to the journey taken by "big bang"
@Sofie4249 ай бұрын
And imaginary numbers.
@nobody.of.importance8 ай бұрын
Was it originally derisive? I could see that because of the rampant misogyny of the time but "magic number" is actually a pretty widely used term for "this works and I don't know why." Just my thoughts.
@amazinggrapes30456 ай бұрын
Isn't the big bang considered dated now?
@amazinggrapes30456 ай бұрын
Based on what they say in the video it doesn't sound like it was used derisively though
@nobody.of.importance6 ай бұрын
@@amazinggrapes3045 No. The Big Bang is still considered the prevalent model. All it says is "Given all we know about the universe, including expansion, what would happen if we ran time backwards?" The Big Bang is just as far back as we can go in time with current physics before the numbers break down. It actually doesn't say anything about the beginning of the universe, but instead describes the conditions of the universe's infancy. I also seen the other comment you posted. Maybe chill out a little?
@seniorbob21809 ай бұрын
"Now before we get to any magic we should start with some nuclear physics basics" That's some pretty hardcore magic.
@IgorL-rv1mn9 ай бұрын
Pretty sure that's a bad idea.
@SanHydronoid9 ай бұрын
Isekai magic moment
@bigmaxporter9 ай бұрын
That would go hard I think
@CliffSedge-nu5fv9 ай бұрын
Heavy Metal Alchemist
@nexdemise41829 ай бұрын
It's all fun and games until the wizard turns off your strong nuclear force.
@canadaballplayz99996 ай бұрын
Goeppert Mayer and Hans Jensen working together and eventually sharing the Nobel Prize was a little story I needed to cheer me up, thanks
@groberjager47467 ай бұрын
This was truly discovered during the making of the fuel for the atomic bombs in WW2. It was an absolute shock when the scientists learned what lead USED to be. So cool!!!
@steverempel85849 ай бұрын
Fun fact: Lead is one of the 7 classical metals, that have been known and in use during classical times. (There may have been more, but these 7 are the main ones.) They are: Lead, Tin, Copper, Iron, Mercury, Gold, and Silver. All these metals, except for Iron, have a very low melting point, but are fairly rare in the crust. Iron is the opposite, being super common, but high melting point.
@ernestsmith35819 ай бұрын
And native (unoxidized) iron occurs in meteorites. I'm not sure if native tin occurs in nature.
@muninrob9 ай бұрын
I don't think there are any deposits of "pure" tin, but it smelts & reduces easily enough that it "could" happen through common natural processes - campfires (and wildfires) get hot enough to smelt it, and IIRC the PH required to reduce tin oxide isn't that impressive either.
@WingDiamond9 ай бұрын
In my day we only had One Heavy Metal genre, we called it "Heavy Metal" 🤘🏻😅😂
@puffin889 ай бұрын
And it's easy to remember which ones these are because they're the ones whose symbol on the periodic chart doesn't match up with their names in English. Why is that? Because humanity knew about them long before anyone spoke English
@Leyrann9 ай бұрын
You're technically missing out on (according to Wikipedia) Mercury, Zinc and Platinum. However, Mercury probably wasn't recognized as a metal at the time, and Zinc and Platinum seem to not have been recognized as such in ancient Rome or Greece, which 'classical times' of course usually refers to. (Zinc was used in India, Platinum in the New World) Other elements known at the time were Carbon, Antimony and Sulphur, but these are not metals.
@Superchunk-k2h9 ай бұрын
Lead is such a great tool in science when you treat it with the respect that any neurotoxic chemical should be given, very underrated element IMO given all the justified fear over lead exposure now.
@theslavegamer9 ай бұрын
Lead is for sure my favourite element, solid its low melting point an mailability are super useful and chemically its so incredibly useful
@aikonlatigid9 ай бұрын
Its all about stability, adding some lead hydrocarbon in gasoline, make it more stable againts self ignite..
@NotSoMuchFrankly9 ай бұрын
@@aikonlatigidYeah, and great for the environment.
@andredelacerdasantos44399 ай бұрын
It's impossible to deny Lead's usefulness as a shield from radiation used in hospitals, but I can't feel confortable defending its use since in most third world countries, people aren't very aware of its dangers, there aren't as many regulations on its use and when there are, its a third world country and no one gives a damn and just uses it extensively anyway. I've lost count of how many times I found this pesky substance hidden in all kinds of house objects, from toys to curtains.
@StepSherpa9 ай бұрын
@NotSoMuchFrankly nice thing is that it's so stable so even when spread all over it is still stable as lead :D My favorite metal but having it all over is not the best :P
@JamieElli9 ай бұрын
I have a lump of bismuth on my shelf. Obviously with that half life it's not going to irradiate me any time soon.
@theslavegamer9 ай бұрын
bro people literally ingest bismuth to help treat stomach inflammation all the time in the form of pepto-bismol
@NotSoMuchFrankly9 ай бұрын
@@theslavegamer The bismuth might be safe but eventually the peptobium will make you glow pink.
@tonyduncan98529 ай бұрын
It depends on what you mean by soon.
@granthurlburt40629 ай бұрын
I suppose if I said maybe some was mine, you'd tell me it was none of my bismuth. (I'll see myself out).
@frtzkng9 ай бұрын
With its long half life it was even considered stable until quite recently. Same with Tellurium, whose most abundant isotope has a half life in the order of 10^24 years. When it comes to irradiation it generally depends on how stuff it is stored. Bi and Te radiate way too little to be harmful. Even with Uranium the biggest concern is its chemical toxicity. You can store it in a glass bottle and it will block all of the alpha radiation, and alpha decay is Uranium's main way of decaying.
@codefinity9 ай бұрын
Thanks!
@sydhenderson67539 ай бұрын
Americium 241 is the isotope used in most smoke detectors. It's part of the neptunium series (in fact, it decays into neptunium 237) so in a few million years, it will become bismuth, and a few quintillion years after that thallium (unless thallium 205 turns out to be radioactive with a half-life of quadrillions of years and we haven't discovered that yet). By the way, Indium 115 is unstable but has a very long half-life, and is actually much more common than stable indium 113..
@HappyBeezerStudios9 ай бұрын
In ionization-based smoke detectors. Photoelectric detectors also exist and don't use any radioactive source. And optical detectors are more and more widespread, some areas have even banned radiation based detectors.
@SuperHGB6 ай бұрын
Bismuth Pog
@RogerKeulen6 ай бұрын
@@HappyBeezerStudios Yes, they are all replaced here. Worked for a security company in the 90's. To bad i did not keep the metal. Was to buzzy with electronics. COuld have made my own heating and cellphone charger with that.
@SkinnerTMTM3 ай бұрын
Fun fact: Xenon-124 has the longest half life ever measured with 1.8 x 10^22 years - roughly one trillion times longer that the current age of the universe (give or take).
@hanksimon10239 ай бұрын
Great discussion. Clear and easy to understand. In the 1960s, Element-114 was proposed to be the island stability, and some suggestions included a positronium decay path [similar to Na-22, but with much more energy. There were other speculations based on Gibbs Free Energy minimization, increased shell organization, and positive energy generation. ] I don't recall the details, but unfortunately 114 is not as stable as predicted... 60 years ago.
@tonyduncan98529 ай бұрын
I remember that.
@jaylopez64509 ай бұрын
That said, flerovium still has a fairly decent stability relative to its neighbors, and we're still a bit of a ways off from the specific flerovium isotope that's thought to be the center of the island.
@Xnoob5459 ай бұрын
There are some way heavier isotopes of elements such as Cn that are predicted to be stable We just need to add like, iirc, 10 or so neutrons
@edwardz.rosenthal99469 ай бұрын
Wasn't there a wacky theory circulating that Element-114 was the secret material used by space aliens in their spacecraft? Or was that an episode of X-Files?! 🤔😝
@tonyduncan98529 ай бұрын
I don't think it was that pos. It was another pos. @@edwardz.rosenthal9946
@stuartaaron6139 ай бұрын
It would be an interesting video to explain why Technetium and Promethium don't have any stable isotopes despite being lighter than Lead. Maybe a reverse magic number situation.
@grubbybuckets9 ай бұрын
PBS space time made that video
@Marius_Biggest_Fan9 ай бұрын
What's the video's title?@@grubbybuckets
@muhammied7 ай бұрын
if we accept the theory of atom cores having different shells just like orbitals of electrons, its easy to explain. 1A group metals are really reactive because they are just 1 electron away from noble gas stability. it could be the same for tecnetium, but for its protons.
@DarthMrMeeseeks9 ай бұрын
7:59 why is thallium (81) and lead (82) in the wrong position on the periodic table??? am i missing something??
@wvdh9 ай бұрын
Damned, nice catch. How on earth did you notice that?
@DarthMrMeeseeks9 ай бұрын
lol@@wvdh, It jumped right out off the screen tbh, and i had to rewind to make sure i didnt miss a joke or a reference to explain it. 😆
@A-physics-and-theology-nerd9 ай бұрын
2:25 - Neutrinos pass right through this video unnoticed, just like they do through you and the earth.
@trueriver19509 ай бұрын
Intuitively I might have expected everything to decay into iron, which has the least binding energy of any nucleus. Certainly on those grounds it would be energetically favourable for lead to do that. However it's like a pebble on a shelf: moving to the floor would be energetically favourable, but there is no route from the shelf that is open to the pebble.
@edwardz.rosenthal99469 ай бұрын
A petulant cat would remedy that. 🤪
@mymatesi9 ай бұрын
There actually is, but its a hole other discussion
@whuzzzup9 ай бұрын
Iron does NOT have the highest binding energy. Nickel-62 it is.
@grebulocities82259 ай бұрын
It is indeed energetically favorable for lead to emit an alpha particle to become mercury, but the decay energies for its "stable" isotopes are all very low, and alpha decay half lives are very strongly dependent on decay energy. I plugged the numbers for Pb-208 into the Geiger-Nutall formula once and got a half-life of about 10^110 years, IIRC.
@a6am3mn0n5 ай бұрын
@@grebulocities8225 I've read that over time everything quantum tunnels itself into iron, but that takes around 10*60,0000 years....assuming protons don't decay.
@Qsie9 ай бұрын
The fact that Tin has Ten stable isotopes is pretty hilarious
@Aethelia9 ай бұрын
But how Tan would a Ton of those Ten isotopes of Tin be?
@0w0-YEEEEAH8 ай бұрын
Tin ten
@Qsie7 ай бұрын
@@Aethelia You win 😭
@AlGore20287 ай бұрын
But 1 is Predicted to Be Radioactive 😭😭😭😭 hopefully it is incorrect
@mad_scientist55977 ай бұрын
the ten tins
@trueriver19509 ай бұрын
The magic numbers are all even, just as the electron shell sizes. That's because there are exactly two spin states for electrons and for nucleons (collectively called fermions). When you add onto an odd shell, the next fermion of the same type preferentially pairs up with the impaired one, but with the opposite spin. So the same even numbers rule applies in both shell theories.😊
@4RILDIGITAL9 ай бұрын
Really informative video, the concept of magic numbers and their impact on atomic structures is fascinating! It's also interesting to think about the possible extension of the periodic table.
@sandman08299 ай бұрын
The best kinds of educational videos are ones that raise questions in my mind as they are going, and explain them all by the end. This video is a great example! Nicely done
@BahKnee9 ай бұрын
This video reactivated parts of my brain. Chemistry and physics classes were a long time ago, but this jogs the memory.
@norman_56235 ай бұрын
Yeah, but there's all this new stuff. I feel like Rip van Winkle.
@justanotherguywithamoustac88939 ай бұрын
Because that's where all roads Leads
@IanGrams9 ай бұрын
That reminds me of a phrase I saw once that goes, "read rhymes with lead, but read rhymes with lead".
@Shreyas05019 ай бұрын
Underrated Pun
@thomasslone19649 ай бұрын
they should have never legalized marijuana
@Rylan_The_Scarecrow9 ай бұрын
All roads lead to lead?
@bozhijak9 ай бұрын
LMAO!!
@CLipka23739 ай бұрын
4:20 - The list of decay products shown has a typo: Radium-228 is listed twice, when really the second occurrence should be Radium-224.
@caydennormanton96829 ай бұрын
So is the half-life of Pb-209 - a quick search shows 3.3 hours, not 3.25 minutes.
@robelengida62119 ай бұрын
Thanks
@Saint_Wolf_9 ай бұрын
The mouth X-ray thing reminded me when I needed to get one and I asked my technician if he ever had someone with a piercing on their tongue (I don't have piercings it was mere curiosity) and she told me this crazy story of the time it did happen, it was hilarious because the rays would scatter on the piercing ball and it'd just ruin all imaging, and the girl couldn't take it off because it was freshly applied.
@michaelwalker49779 ай бұрын
New band name: lead crab. Because in physics everything decays into lead, and everything biological eventually evolves into a crab
@RogerKeulen6 ай бұрын
In software everyting evolves to a virtual machine running a simulation of the end product.
@RogerKeulen6 ай бұрын
_Lead Crab Sandbox_ would be a great name for a Heavy Speed Metal Band
@recordkeepingandinformatio82065 ай бұрын
Lead crab bell curve: in physics everything decays into lead, in biology everything evolves into a crab, and in statistics every distribution converges to a bell curve
@Abhinav-4202 ай бұрын
CHEMISTRY
@oscarleijontoft21 күн бұрын
Bands need sexy names. There's nothing sexy about crabs.
@johnnyrasputin48199 ай бұрын
I love the connection he puts on the end. Something poisonous turning into something poisonous. Chef's Kiss!
@kats97559 ай бұрын
Big fan of that shirt, Reid. Love a fun pattern. Edit: 13:04 I cackled at this. Good job, writers.
@Samael11139 ай бұрын
For the record, IIRC there are two, currently theoretical, elements above lead that would be perfectly (or at least reasonably) stable, and are also "Reasonably Attainable". We just haven't officially created and confirmed them yet. (Which you do touch on in the last minute of the video, so there ya'go)
@patriciaaturner2899 ай бұрын
Adamantium and Vibranium.
@SpottedHares9 ай бұрын
What defines reasonably stable? Thorium 232 has a half life of 1.4 Billion years, while Uranium 238 is 4.5 Billion years. Again that’s with a B. So what’s reasonable stable with as old as earth isn’t?
@HappyBeezerStudios9 ай бұрын
@@SpottedHaresI guess any time long enough that you write the half life as exponent.
@gregorygant42429 ай бұрын
What are you Tony Stark ? I don't think so !
@nobody.of.importance8 ай бұрын
Don'tcha hate it when you point out something you think is neat mid video and right as you unpause they bring it up? Happens so friggin often.
@GenoppteFliese9 ай бұрын
Great video, especially the part with the decay chains is something I wondered about when it comes to radioactive elements you might have been exposed to. This is nothing you hear much about outside physics lectures, so I really liked to see the chains presented here.
@NebulonRanger9 ай бұрын
1:43 Bismuth is generally perfectly fine to have a lump of sitting on your desk, and many people in fact do. This is because the half-life of bismuth-209--the time it takes for any given mole of an element to finish half of its decay cycle--is longer than the age of the known universe. Functionally, Bismuth is stable, in terms of physics, it is not.
@WolfgangDoW9 ай бұрын
I laughed a lil when he said not to put lumps of anything radioactive on your desk cos I have a uranium glass vase on my desk. It is radioactive, but barely above background levels. It's not dangerous unless used te eat/drink from or you fill a lead lined room with them lol
@NotSoMuchFrankly9 ай бұрын
You'll regret this in a few trillion years!
@edwardz.rosenthal99469 ай бұрын
@@NotSoMuchFrankly Where DOES the time go?! 😕
@mariuszmoraw35719 ай бұрын
@@NotSoMuchFranklyI think we all do. Sun will turn into red giant.
@nickolaswilcox4259 ай бұрын
ive got an old candle stick on the shelf, picked it up because i always wanted to get some uranium glass and it was the densest item of the material i could find at the time, they also had a tea set, plates and cups... yeah no, fragile and of greater potential risk plus i dint want that many pieces of it... although if they still have the lemon juicer next time im there i might finally grab it
@marginbuu2129 ай бұрын
Lead is like crab. Got it. Also, met my quota as a guy for thinking about the Romans.
@michaelblacktree9 ай бұрын
The segue to the Patreon plug was pretty slick. Well done. 👍
@Roberto-REME9 ай бұрын
Outstanding video. Very well narrated, interesting, educational and very interesting. Well done!
@logan_wolf9 ай бұрын
6:16 Yea, though I walk through the shadow of the Valley of Stability, I fear no decay.
@fredbuckles9199 ай бұрын
😁
@andrewrhodes52842 ай бұрын
Underrated comment 😂😂
@logan_wolf2 ай бұрын
@@andrewrhodes5284 I have my moments. 😁
@bismarckfamily2778 ай бұрын
we had: "Evolve into crab" and "Return to Monkey" now we have the finale of the trilogy DECAY INTO LEAD
@Babygirlyouretheheart9 ай бұрын
My toxic trait is watching these and pretending I understand it all
@davidblancoferrandez46479 ай бұрын
lol
@BakariAziz6 ай бұрын
@@davidblancoferrandez4647 🤭
@friskydingo53705 ай бұрын
The Neptunium chain is defantaly my favorite 😊 and it's one of my favorite channels. Neptunium dose a grate video on this subject. Grate video 👍
@xcoder11229 ай бұрын
The quality of SciShow videos vary a lot. This one, for example, is a very good one.
@ClownloachStudiosCB2 ай бұрын
There is a flaw right here: 0:20, because promethium is actually a radioactive element and should have been labeled in green as well.
@Anonymous-jo2no9 ай бұрын
Well quick corrections: 1:43 Nah radioactive materials are all around us: radon, potassium-40, tritium etc. If the lump's radioactivity is small enough that it only increases the background radiation by a negligible amount, it's safe. Bismuth-209 is for all practical purposes considered non-radioactive because its radioactivity is negligible and you can safely have a gigantic lump of it on your desk. For nuclear physicists though they compare it with uranium-238, especially when talking about nuclear wastes. 6:43 Indium-115 is radioactive; it's just that it has very long half-life, and ironically the isotope that forms the majority of indium. Lots of odd-numbered elements have only one stable isotopes so I wouldn't call two "only". Otherwise this video is good science.
@AlbertTheGamer-gk7sn9 ай бұрын
Also, indium and tellurium are the only elements with stable isotopes that have the most naturally occurring isotope being radioactive.
@Anonymous-jo2no9 ай бұрын
@@AlbertTheGamer-gk7sn Rhenium also actually XP
@yar33339 ай бұрын
Also during a beta decay a neutrino is being emitted...
@kelvinkung78079 ай бұрын
A video explaining radioactive decay would be great 👍
@PeterShipley19 ай бұрын
but then they'll have to talk about fusion and fission and why the buck stops with iron
@GRichardWrotten9 ай бұрын
With all the usual stories about women’s contributions to science being marginalized or outright denied, this story made me literally sit up and smile. Would that the rest of the world could take notice of such collaborations.
@edwardz.rosenthal99469 ай бұрын
You may collect your "Pick Me" badge at the door on your way out. 🤪
@Alex-vl1mk9 ай бұрын
@@edwardz.rosenthal9946What?
@Lovangeline9 ай бұрын
@@edwardz.rosenthal9946Pick me, what?
@le135798 ай бұрын
Meh. Re-fighting yesterday's battles. Today's battle is to ensure the quality and replicability of scientific research in the face of funding, political and career pressure.
@JakeVanWickle9 ай бұрын
There might be a typo at time marker 4:21. When thorium-228 goes through is 4 alpha decays, the list on the left says it goes back to radium-228, while the image says it goes to radium-224
@FutureAIDev20158 ай бұрын
That was actually one of the most clever patreon plugs I've ever heard on KZbin
@TheOtherSteel9 ай бұрын
Video title: Why Does Everything Decay Into Lead Everything either fuses, or decays, into iron.
@cholulahotsauce61669 ай бұрын
Yeah that's what I thought too.
@gregorygant42429 ай бұрын
Yep, it's iron not lead .
@gregorygant42429 ай бұрын
@@studiouskid1528 Yep, either aliens or stupid humans will destroy it somehow. By either creating some device to get energy from the space of the universe that backfires and then starts imploding in on itself taking the whole universe with it!
@chuckgrigsby96649 ай бұрын
Actually, iron is the farthest up the periodic table that a normal star can go as it fuses atoms. Thus, iron is the end point of stellar fusion and not the result of radioactive decay.
@le135798 ай бұрын
@@chuckgrigsby9664 why can't a star go further up/down the table?
@radRadiolarian9 ай бұрын
everything evolve into crab and everything turn into lead
@radRadiolarian9 ай бұрын
at the end of the universe everything is lead crabs
@donhoverson63489 ай бұрын
All radioactive elements become lead. All living things become crabs and all food becomes candy so the ultimate endpoint of evolution is lead crab candy. Yum.
@erkinalp9 ай бұрын
@@donhoverson6348and all vehicles become trains
@SumeriyaYaxlaka9 ай бұрын
Biology: Everything can evolve to crabs Transit: Everything can evolve to train Chemistry: Everything can evolve to lead...
@meganofsherwood36659 ай бұрын
So you're telling me the ultimate end-point of the universe is crab-shaped trains made of lead? 😄
@awaredeshmukh32029 ай бұрын
@@meganofsherwood3665 gosh I hope so, that sounds pretty fun!
@le135798 ай бұрын
@@meganofsherwood3665 So we will be able to identify how evolved an alien species is by where it fits on the "universal triad"? 😉
@toddmarshall75736 ай бұрын
9:00 How are the number of neutrons, protons, and electrons determined? How long does it take to determine them? Is there ever any error in the determination?
@paulhansen50539 ай бұрын
Nice video, and well presented, thanks. This subject is the basis of recent work by Edo Kaal and his team, called the Structured Atom Model (SAM). There is a website and book about it. The model is very geometric and purports to have more explanatory power than other models. It's pretty radical, though, so if you go there, hold on to your hats.
@vicious123949 ай бұрын
Why is Tyson Fury teaching me science
@wumboism9 ай бұрын
reid's voice is too good, cute asf too
@JapuDCret9 ай бұрын
you are cute
@megadiabrous9 ай бұрын
he's such a babe
@General12th9 ай бұрын
@@JapuDCretur mom cute
@EastNorthEast9 ай бұрын
Sounds like he constantly needs to blow his nose
@kylezo9 ай бұрын
@@EastNorthEast no, he has extremely robust natural resonance, this is something you would observe frequently in baritone opera singers. he is also a singer so that's a big part of it. You might be one of the few people on the planet that likes bad sounding singing, though
@2nd_ntr9 ай бұрын
Lead eventually decays into crabs.
@craigschaffert9 ай бұрын
Thanks for coming back, we need you, great to see ya.
@BitCounter9 ай бұрын
This is great. Now to get this video in a loop so I can absorb it in my sleep.
@eeduranti9 ай бұрын
0:43 - Any sufficiently researched magic is indistinguishable from science.
@gastonmarian72619 ай бұрын
Saying something has a half life of 20 quintillion years feels like fiction
@garbleduser9 ай бұрын
When are people going to realize that time is the original Alchemist.
@SoThisIsMyCatАй бұрын
2:06 so alpha decay particle is an helium 4 molecule but without electron?
@cal5939 ай бұрын
Hey in case people didn't know, a lot of the "ionizing" trinkets being sold (even on Amazon) actually have thorium powder in them and are extremely radioactive. They come as rings, cards, sleeping masks, and more.
@Pro-kesh9 ай бұрын
I’m not sure about heavy elements, but with enough time all lighter elements will undergo cold fusion through quantum tunneling to turn into Iron-56. It has the highest binding energy per nucleon
@garethdean63829 ай бұрын
Heavy elements via a complex decay process will fracture, actually much faster than things fuse via tunneling, so all our gold will decay away before what it turns into becomes iron.
@whuzzzup9 ай бұрын
No it does not. Ni-62 has the highest binding energy.
@ngcf42389 ай бұрын
I thought Iron-56 was the most stable? at least in terms of decay over time
@megadiabrous9 ай бұрын
I'm in love with Reid
@generaldissatisfaction53979 ай бұрын
He is hot AF isn't he!!
@DFloyd849 ай бұрын
We all are.😍
@zacwilkins43449 ай бұрын
This guy is hilarious and communicates these concepts so clearly. 10/10
@ThatAnnoyingGuyOnTheInternet3 ай бұрын
4:15: Why does Ra turn into Ac and then back to Th? If β decay means losing an electron (or a positron), and protons determine the element, then losing an electron shouldn't change the element so Ra should still be Ra but with one less electron. Am I missing something?
@lunkel81083 ай бұрын
Radioactive decay is a nuclear process. We are not talking about an electron that's orbiting the atom deciding to shoot off for some reason, that would be a chemical process called ionization which has nothing to do with radioactivity and doesn't happen spontaneously. Beta decay is when a neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and an electron that flies off. So you end up with 1 more proton than you started with, changing the element
@jrocco369 ай бұрын
A relative once asked me if she could barrow one of my Geiger counters, I asked what she needed one for, and she said "to search for Ghosts". She then told me that she heard that ghost hunters use Geiger counters to detect ghost. I asked her if she has ever seen or heard of a Lead ghost. She said "No" I told her you don't need a Geiger counter then.
@Surkk29609 ай бұрын
This just makes me wish we kept calling lead "Plumbum"...
@vincentyeo888 ай бұрын
Most water pipes in those olden days were made of lead. Maybe that's why the repairman of pipes is called plumber.
@Surkk29608 ай бұрын
@@vincentyeo88 Makes sense actually
@thespacecowboy4209 ай бұрын
It is a consequence of the construction of the universe, as are all stable atoms, is is more like a base state that exhibits atomic properties... the atomic equivalent of "brown".
@icedragonair9 ай бұрын
Got to love it when part of your theory ends up being named something one your rival, who thought you were completely wrong, came up with to explain away your data.
@donhitchcock63099 ай бұрын
Thank you. You do an excellent job of making nuclear physics (somewhat!) accessible to the layman. Keep up the great work. I will keep a lookout for your other videos, they stretch my brain, but in a good way.
@muntathar98519 ай бұрын
i was the one who decayed them.
@luischeco30099 ай бұрын
Why does he sound so much like Neil DeGrasse Tyson?
@gotentk47 ай бұрын
Recency bias
@VeHo-u8q25 күн бұрын
1:44 so you are saying the glowing green rock shouldnt be on my desk? But its so nice, it kills all the bugs around it.
@kevincronk79819 ай бұрын
Wow I am fairly interested in nuclear physics and have never heard that nuclei have shells. I saw the bobby broccoli video about the seatch for new elements and remember about islamds of stability from that video, but I didn't know it had something to do with nuclei being organized in shells like electrons. I thought that they basically worked like how you guys animate them, just a lump of protons and neutrons, albeit more quantum-y.
@MasterMal2 ай бұрын
8:01 Ah yes, my favorite element, Iodium
@ithasbeenwritten2227 ай бұрын
I loved this video. Thank and VERY well done! So friggin cool
@jimatmezzacello366Ай бұрын
This was brilliant! Thank you!
@Video2Webb9 ай бұрын
New to your channel, thanks be to KZbin for presenting it! I loved this presentation, although probably need to watch at least once more to take it in better. Thank you!
@light-master9 ай бұрын
It's amazing that in a way, all the alchemist were right, and you really can turn one metal into another, and nature even does it constantly throughout the universe.
@aarondyer.pianist5 ай бұрын
Excellent presentation. Thank you!
@joshbarts81789 ай бұрын
"...how a lump of gray metal that makes you sick from radiation poisoning can turn into a different lump of gray metal that makes you sick from lead poisoning..." greatest line i've heard so far this year 😂
@stancil8314 күн бұрын
Encouraging an experiment that could be profitable. Tricky tricky tricky... I like tricky. Subscribed.
@DineshVutukuru15 күн бұрын
I got the same question yesterday and today this video is in my feed. I haven't searched for it
@imranhussain-iy8xi5 ай бұрын
Thank you for the great content! 🇨🇦
@dh20329 ай бұрын
at 12:21, I wonder How I can get job where predicting numbers that needs to be that accrete? "Predictions range from minutes up to millions of years", makes most builder estimates on completion times seem tame 🙂