Selenium. Red-Black Transformations

Hey! One of My next videos will be about selenic acid H2SeO4, but for now I have prepared reactions with elemental selenium for you. While you're watching this video, I'm trying to get rid of the smell of garlic :D
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0:00 Intro
0:32 Selenium demonstration
1:50 Selenium plasma
2:53 Formation of selenium granules
5:42 Plastic selenium
6:15 Red selenium synthesis
9:25 Combustion of selenium in pure oxygen
10:15 Selenium dioxide and its reaction with anhydrous hydrazine
13:02 Selenium and nitric/sulfuric/iodic acid reactions
14:25 Selenium and alkali metals
15:41 Qualitative reaction to hydrogen selenide
16:34 Selenium tetrachloride
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[@daltonsoutherland8836]

Why do you not have 10 million subscriber your the best chemistry channel on KZbin bro 😉❤️

[@elliotwilliams7523]

Got to be the accent. We really like what we see. So many reactions we knew could happen just didn’t get to try. I love it

[@procactus9109]

*you're

[@ignilc]

because people like to watch nilered's stupid videos

[@DerVerschlinger]

​@@elliotwilliams7523the accent makes it more authentic

[@daltonsoutherland8836]

@@procactus9109 thanks for the correction dickhead 😂

[@pezboy715]

1:25 “resembling erythrocytes”??? Damn, you’re a well-educated man beyond just chemistry, it seems! Best chemistry channel on YT

[@AJ-qv9yo]

Beautiful as always. You manage to get the most beauty out even "dull" elements. Se sits in my element collection, and now I enjoy all the beauty of it. Every element has its own internal beauty and fascination one only needs to get it to shine.

[@herrhaber9076]

Selenium ? Dull ? Watch the movie Evolution with David Duchovny ;) (Or if you have pityriasis versicolor then SeS2 is a lifelong friend) Joke aside, you are right and as always I saw reactions I wouldnt even have thought of without Chemical Force.

[@pyr0duck676]

Two reasons I love your videos: 1. They are AMAZING works of art! Have you considered entering in a scientific art competition? 2. I love that you explore lesser known reagents and compounds. There are so many chemistry KZbinrs who have videos on nitric acid, sulfuric acid, magnesium combustion, thermite, etc. But how many KZbinrs demonstrate selenium compounds reacting with anhydrous hydrazine? Only Chemical Force! Keep up the wonderful work!!! Also, could you do a video exploring the various xenon compounds? That might be interesting!

[@prapanthebachelorette6803]

Because he IS the force 😉

[@helldad4689]

Who would even compete against him in an art competition? He is a league of his own

[@ChemicalForce]

Creating a video about xenon chemistry would be quite expensive, considering the average number of views on the channel :( Currently, I don't have plans to produce such a video, but I hope to cover this topic in the future to close that gestalt :D

[@Paonporteur]

@@ChemicalForce I quietly somewhat reached that same conclusion before. It's hard to "overthrow" the established mastodons on KZbin when it comes to certain topics, in this case chemistry and the mastodons being NileRed and other surface tier chemists.

[@SciDOCMBC]

I also think that his videos are great, especially because he sometimes combines very exotic reaction partners. In defense of the other chemistry KZbinrs however one has to admit that reagents such as thionyl chrlord for example, which is very often used in labs, are sometimes very difficult to obtain for private individuals.

[@lucasfortier3682]

Shit i didn't want the video to end. Chemistry community loves you man.

[@Kyu_97]

Your videos should be used by universities and highschools to showcase the different elements in class, for real I looove your work, I wish chemistry was a more popular topic on KZbin 😢

[@raiyiar]

the sculpture of the molten selenium poured into water first gave me praying mantis vibes, then you turned it on its side, and it resembled a keith haring style drawing :O love the stuff

[@alexhatfield2987]

Peerless. I await CF new uploads like an 8 year old boy waiting for Xmas, and I’m never disappointed.

[@mikestewart4752]

Selenium was used in photocopiers just before I got into the industry. Would love to see some electro/photochemical reactions!

[@takingthescenicroute1610]

One probably still finds a coating of it on the print drums of laser and LED printers. The drum is first charged with a high voltage corona wire or charging roller. The Se becomes conductive and locally grounds out the charge wherever light contacts it. The parts of the drum still charged attract the oppositely-charged toner particles.

[@mikestewart4752]

@@takingthescenicroute1610 I believe selenium was phased out due to toxicity concerns. I worked for a Japanese manufacturer and anything manufactured post 2010 had switched to a photosensitive polymer coating that would, like you say, take on an electrical charge from the corona wire. I believe the digitalization of the process that also contributed to selenium’s falling out of use. I’ve definitely seen what you are referring to though… The “Good Ol’ Days” 🙂☮️ from 🇨🇦

[@executive]

it's amazing seeing the solid, liquid and gas phases of a metalloid all together at relatively low temperatures. Fantastic footage.

[@user-gf3nc7do2k]

Beautiful! Fantastic work! 👍👍👍

[@drhaese]

Many thanks for the exciting demonstration of the fascinating world of Se and its inorganic reactions.

[@GrumpyOrc]

Beautiful reaction footage as always, the way red Selenium forms such larger crystals was especially interesting. And I'm never going to get tired of watching anhydrous hydrazine react with things.

[@terribleterrier1685]

Always the best surprise to see a new ChemcalForce in my notifications. Your editing, visual fidelity, and music are honestly amazing.

[@j_sum1]

Intriguing and unusual colours. Amazing shapes formed. Just beautiful.

[@natuhaysertkaya3391]

I would have loved to see selenium and sulphur melted together in varying ratios and tested for its material properties. Also would have liked to see arsenic and selenium reactions.

[@Paonporteur]

Would also be great to see someone try fusing liquid iodine and liquid sulfur together

[@masterluc]

I enjoy the beauty of - and cannot imagine the effort that goes into your videos.

[@aformalevent]

I absolutely love your work. The videography is such high quality that it's a joy to watch these beautifully captured reactions. Be proud of what you do man! Elevating youtube chemistry to be heights on style.

[@TrippyMCT]

Great video as always. Love the hoodie!

[@MasterBlaster3545]

You have just gotta love this channel

[@KomradZX1989]

Your videos are absolutely the best bar none ❤❤❤

[@mysock351C]

I wonder how it smells outside? Selenium rectifiers had their own unique stench when they burned out. I can imagine it being perhaps a bit malodorous in a similar fashion if the fume hood doesn't have some sort of scrubber.

[@robertmonroe9728]

The easiest way of getting red selenium is dissolving the black one in concentrated hot alkali or even melt with it. Then dissolveing in water you will get bright red solution of polyselenites and polyselenides. After adding any acid, sulphuric or muriatic, you will get red form

[@kittty2005]

AWESOME!

[@paranoiia8]

Amazing red color... So deep and vivid.

[@vdvideocity]

Beautiful blue colors. Thanks!

[@b33cux]

This is ART!

[@jimsvideos7201]

Gorgeous cinematography.

[@Spectrolite1]

Fantastic element, wow!

[@artsmith1347]

Very nice photography and good choice of music. Thank you.

[@shrivanth6774]

Akh I am not ready for this it's extremely heart 💓 warming

[@Fredpotts]

Organo-selenium compounds are easily absorbed through the skin. I once did an oxidation or an aldehyde with SeO2. I must have absorbed some of the reaction products because I smelled like a skunk for two weeks.

[@chriswalford4161]

…., whereas you normally smell like what?

[@Fredpotts]

@@chriswalford4161 More like a civet...

[@ukeedge2761]

​@@chriswalford4161i guessing not a skunk, dont be du mb. Please not here.

[@TheDriller-Killer]

@Fredpotts It's the same with Tellurium, there's an old saying amongst chemists, that you can tell if somebody has been working with the stuff, when they enter a room. 😂😂😂

[@gerry4b]

It's rare to discover true beauty in life... thanks for sharing.

[@Yamazaki339]

Love your videos so much! 🤗

[@arnavtete7793]

thanks for this video!

[@amiralozse1781]

your videos are a form of art: Chemical Art !

[@Grateful.For.Everything]

👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏👏 really nice visuals!!!

[@aaronsmith8073]

Really enjoy your videos!

[@rhagchem3650]

Your interpretation is very simplistic. What is red selenium? 1) There are two allotropes of selenium. Crystalline monoclinic red forms of Se8 and gray hexagonal. Then we have amorphous forms that can appear red, therefore quickly turn black when heated. Crystalline forms cannot be prepared by reducing Se4+ (N2H4, SO2). Gray selenium is produced by very slow crystallization of liquid selenium. Red selenium Se8 can be obtained from a "solution of selenium in sulfuric acid" and its recrystallization from carbon disulfide. "Amorphous red selenium" is not soluble in carbon disulfide. Rapid cooling of the melt yields amorphous selenium as a glassy mass...sometimes called vitreous selenium, which is usually sold to chemists. 2) The reaction with sulfuric acid can be complicated: 8 Se + H2SO4 = (Se8 2+) + 2 (HSO4 -) + 2 H2O + SO2 and reaction with water: (Se8 2+) + SO2 + 2 H2O = Se8 + H2SO4 + 2 (H +) SO2: (only what remained in solution after the reaction) or 8 (Se8 2+ ) + 8 H2O = 7 Se8 + 8 H2SeO3 + 16 (H + ) The green solution is because it probably contains ions (Se 82+) and probably also others, e.g. (Se4 2+) ...

[@ChemicalForce]

I really wanted to obtain crystalline selenium to demonstrate it in the video. However, I encountered a challenge: selenium is only slightly soluble in CS2, requiring a large amount of the solvent to yield noticeable results. When shaking red selenium with CS2, the latter turns yellowish, possibly due to its dissolution. An alternative approach could involve using SeOCl2 to obtain crystalline red selenium, as it dissolves it much more effectively. However, I couldn't find information about this method, which may be attributed to the rarity of the reagent.

[@GenosseRot]

@@ChemicalForce The black amorphous selenium is slightly soluble in CS2. If you mix the black selenium (I strongly advise to use the black selenium you made from quickly cooling the molten selenium) ground it up to a fine powder and let it stir for a while in CS2 at least some of it should go into solution. The you can let the solution evaporate slowly (maybe in a crystallizing dish with a watch glas over it, so that only a small opening is left) you should see the formation of red crystals which are either alpha or beta red selenium (depends on the evaporation speed and temperature). I can imagine that it can look quite nice. Another thing to think about is the forgotten third but most important modification of selenium: Gray selenium. This is the most stable form of selenium and it is a metalloid with semi-conducting properties. It was the first material where the photovoltaik-effect was observed. If you connect 2 wires to it and give it a little bit of voltage you should see that the current changes greatly depending on the amount of light that gets to the material. Grey selenium can be made by heating any form of selenium to ~ 180 °C for some time or by cooling down molten selenium slowly. This stuff is then not so glassly like the black selenium (amorphous) you have shown. Either way: Great video! I'm a selenium chemist and it was a great joy to see you making some stuff with it. Maybe selenium won't have its last show on your channel with the H2SeO4 video? I would like it very much. It is a very interessting element and I would like to see more ;)

[@rhagchem3650]

@@GenosseRot Beautiful gray selenium crystals can be found on tailings coal dumps.

[@rhagchem3650]

@@ChemicalForce Yes, it's a bit of a problem! Selenium is not a big chemical topic. :) SeOCl2 is a relatively exotic substance. I used to be looking for information about this. Maybe here, you probably know. Publication: Monoclinic selenium crystal growth (cannot insert doi). Where it is claimed that selenium is "well" soluble in methylene iodide.

[@ChemicalForce]

​@@GenosseRot there will be at least two more videos about selenium chemistry ;)

[@xxz4655]

This content is amazing beautiful presentation on selinium thank you

[@procactus9109]

Absolutely one of the most bizarre elements. As usual excellent showcase

[@DragonsAndDragons777]

I never even knew about Selenium Edit: Those explosions are amazing!

[@matze1389]

Damn... i just discoverd your channel. I love your videos, this is chemical art and informative reactions and so on😮😀

[@ChemicalForce]

Yes, you missed a lot! :D Well, welcome to the board!

[@matze1389]

@@ChemicalForce :) now i have to watch so many Videos from you

[@TheTransporter007]

Always a good day when ChemForce posts!

[@jansenart0]

Hydrazine, lovely!

[@comsigninc]

Nice work.

[@scrotiemcboogerballs1981]

Very cool video thanks for sharing

[@captainchicky3744]

This is amazing :D

[@echothebot]

Oooh yes Nice Video, Thank you!

[@mistercroc9407]

Good stuff !

[@SaunaShruti]

U explain and demonstrate the experiments so well. U r really a genius guy. Keep up with your good work.

[@donaldhoot7741]

Awesome video! Keep it up!

[@dansheppard2965]

Great video, as ever, ChemicalForce!

[@ingorichter649]

I simply like this material.

[@evilotis01]

7:53 me: wonders what'd happen w anhydrous hydrazine, but figures that'd prob be too difficult/dangerous Feliks: i gotchu fam

[@borgmardunkleson2225]

how this channel doesnt have more subs is criminal

[@williambradley611]

Love your vids

[@dumuzibadgurgurru8050]

¡Fantastic!

[@Kargoneth]

Interesting chemistry.

[@yannisconstantinides7767]

So very cool.

[@BhushanWagh-ed9pm]

Demonstrate all chemical elements in the modern periodic table. For each element 7 min of a video is enough. Uses in day to day life also

[@reverendtfg6802]

*How does this guy not have millions of subscribers???*

[@erics3737]

Beautiful and terrifying at the same time.

[@jhyland87]

Hey, off topic, but your English is getting much better. :-)

[@bfm1q2w]

Goat.

[@decepticonne]

you take a great chemistry picture man, you're like the klapheck of chemistry youtube

[@mahdiahmadi80]

Soo nice and cool 👌👌👌👌🙏🙏🌹

[@sxl-kb5zb]

Well，it is pretty good that I was so like it

[@melissaholdren1738]

Yo, I see that WVU shirt, my man! Mountaineers represent

[@jayday4879]

Very educational I would like to see more violent decompositions back when I was a boy when dinosaurs existed only got interested in science and chemistry because my teacher would blow something up and leave all our ears ringing for hours

[@trishblackman7403]

Since I can’t blow shit up here at home….I’ll let you do it and sit back n watch the best stuff on tv!😊

[@Chimicat7]

хорошо

[@lugarial]

Great video, as always :) I still have a question, what differs structurally between red and black selenium ?

[@dmsnch]

Red Se is similar to yellow Sulfur with eight-membered rings. Black Se is long chains of atoms, apparently in giant rings of around 1000. See Wikipedia.

[@jonbob2]

Good use of the beard as a mic attachment point!

[@karolus28]

cool

[@Esterified80]

Very cool element. Do organoselenium reactions with it.

[@cpchehaibar]

If there's a measure of how long it takes for a viewer to like, I'm sure you get pretty good on it.

[@iswm]

the lapel mic clipped to your beard is quite the flex.

[@takingthescenicroute1610]

The semiconductive, photochemical, and electrochemical properties of Se might be worth exploring.

[@alberthofmann420]

Excellent Microphone placing ;)

[@matiastripaldi406]

I've never seen anyone clip a lapel mic to their beard. Cool!

[@Anar10n]

Ah yes. The Dark Mastery. Didn't think I will see one practicing it ever again

[@tracybowling1156]

Felicks, your videos are superb. My only concern is that you need a UVA or VT shirt. 😂

[@84xxComeGetSomexx84]

Can you do any reactions with Superoxides? I find oxygen generation really interesting

[@darkobul1]

You should do experiment on selenium sensitivity to light and change of resistance.

[@transistor754]

thank you for a great video... please could you do "Touch Powder" as we used to make at school? If you have done iodine Crystals and Ammonia before, please could you place the link? I could not find one? It was supersonic (i thought) and could cause successive detonation, when samples were placed too close. A great thing too see on your Slo Mo camera? good fun.

[@amirsirQualityclasses]

Great u tuber

[@alystair]

10:02, are those selenium hairs growing on the end of the quartz tube? Remarkable photography

[@joewebster903]

What about some organic chemistry like making alternatives to thioethers and thioesters using selenium instead of sulfur

[@richardsmith3199]

could you do a video about ytterbium with reducing agents and pyrotechnic tests

[@trulyinfamous]

I really liked the music choice in thia video. I would've enjoyed having a list of music used in the description as some of these songs I might want to listen to on their own. What's the song at around the 5 minute mark?

[@julienweems6166]

All of these selenium reactions look like something you would find in the bottom of a slavic pond.

[@aqdrobert]

Appreciate that KZbin does not emit selenium compound odors over my screen.

[@spiderdude2099]

Selenium is so cool. I wish it was less toxic

[@Dude3078]

Primeiro Brasileiro a comentar no seu canal

[@willproctor2276]

Literally the best chemistry pornographer on the internet, bar none.

[@Kargoneth]

Concoidal fractures. Might make a decent arrowhead.

[@pavelsejvl1072]

Some chemistry with Wollins' reagent - sellenium derivate of Lawessons' reagent

[@otavio2711]

13:04 I would expect selenium to react with HNO3 to form selenic acid, H2SeO4, not selenous acid, H2SeO3, because of stronger oxidizing power of HNO3 compared to the latter. Am I wrong?

[@good.citizen]

thank you for the file share CF oxygen or iron pls there's alot of it around