Shabtai Zvi, the Mystical Messiah (1626-1676)

PATREON: / samaronow
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Sources:
Sabbatai Sevi: the Mystical Messiah, 1626-1676
Gershom Scholem
amzn.to/3BtDC9c
Maristella Botticini, Zvi Eckstein, and Anat Vaturi
“The Chosen Many: Population Growth and Jewish Childcare in Central-Eastern Europe, 1500-1930”
Tel Aviv University
sapir.tau.ac.il/sites/economy...
Zvi Loker
English contemporary opinions on the Sabbatean movement"
Jewish Historical Studies, vol. 29
www.jstor.org/stable/29779808
Ada Rapoport-Albert
"Sabbateanism"
The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women
jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/...
0:00 Poland Since Casimir
2:09 The Ashkenazi Baby Boom
3:27 The Khmelnytsky Uprising
5:48 The Deluge
7:34 Ottoman Stagnation
8:42 What Even Is a Messiah?
11:49 The Smyrna Ministry
14:05 Zvi in Exile
15:09 Sara bat Meir
16:01 Natan of Gaza
19:51 The Sabbatean Frenzy
23:15 Zvi’s Imprisonment
25:25 The Dönmeh
27:01 Aftermath

[@Yitzhak480]

"And yes i'm including the Torah scroll" almost made me fell

[@Gallalad1]

That southern banjo bit broke me 😂

[@sjappiyah4071]

Had me dying loool

[@Gallalad1]

Well lads, don't come onto that Torah scroll... She's spoken for 😂

[@tamirthedirector]

Sam Aronow, you might be interested to hear that my school (Mount Scopus Memorial College, the largest Jewish School in the country of Australia) uses your last video when teaching about Spinoza in their 'Religion and Society' class. ... By my recommendation haha. Anything to give your incredible channel the respect and love it deserves.

[@Rifat.Rafael.Birmizrahi]

I'm a Sephardic jew from Istanbul I've had never heard of Zvi or Dönmehs. It was a big revelation to me. Also kudos to that emperors for dealing with the Zvi in an extremely effective way.

[@robertmitchell8630]

Create as much negative energy forcing the Messiah to return Sexual orgies, incestous etc Sebatahi zvi

[@kenankara7122]

Are you living in a bubble? Really never heard of prominent Sabetaist like Şemsi Efendi, Ahmet Emin Yalman, Abdi Ipekçi, Ismail Cem, Cemil Ipekçi, Dinç Bilgin, the Sertels? Or Yakubi, Kapancı and Karakaş communities? Ilgaz Zorlu and his famous book "Yes, I Am From Thessaloniki?"

[@anthonyn.7379]

I heard some still live in the Teşvikiye neighborhood in Istanbul

[@irajayrosen4792]

In the 1980s, a member of my synagogue in New York City confided to a few of us that her family were Jewish Shabbateans, who had ritual family orgies among other Shabbatean reversals of normative Judaism.

[@robertmitchell8630]

Create as much negative energy forcing the Messiah to return Sexual orgies, incestous etc Sebatahi zvi

[@guairefernandezamil4084]

despite not being a jew, and knowing little of jewish history, this has been incredibly interesting to listen to

[@koalasandwich567]

Same here

[@lancecaldwell3874]

Likewise !!! Raised Roman Catholic, & studied Canadian aboriginal life; I find it fascinating how others interpret life. Never learnd this in Sunday school!!

[@stoicstone521]

Same

[@CutieBanana09]

Sam please you almost killed me playing the banjo behind that segment on the population rebound 💀💀💀

[@Zbornie]

Greetings from Izmir! I grew up near the synagogue he declared himself Messiah (Havra st). How ironic that nowadays that area is a fish market! Perhaps, it is the Universe's way of honoring is obsession with Pisces and fish 😃

[@Frederick1483]

tHe UnIvErSe

[@alejandromadrid8075]

You left out the scandalous reasons why he became infamous: lifting of the moral code and institutionizing redemption through sin and its accompanying ritualized practices.

[@jessecerasus9621]

How bizarre!?

[@jopalo31675]

Very sanitized…

[@yosefberger6259]

Great topic, even better jokes

[@Artur_M.]

This was certainly one of the most fascinating episodes. The story of Shabtai Zvi gets crazier the more I learn about it. To be perfectly honest I kinda hoped we will hear more on this channel about the Jewish life in Poland-Lithuania before everything went downhill in 1648, for example about the forms of Jewish self-government: the kahals and the Council of Four Lands (and the separate Council of Lithuania since 1623), but maybe there will be an opportunity to mention this institutions latter, before or as they will be dissolved? Or maybe a mention of the Karaim (Karaites) community. BTW did you count the Karaites among the Jewish population of the Commonwealth? I was really surprised by that part about inbreeding (and the soundtrack was a very funny touch). Describing the Cossacks, specifically the Zaporozhian ones, as "Russian-speaking" at 4:27 might be very problematic to some, I think that Ruthenian or East Slavic would be safer terms (Ukrainian might be a bit anachronistic). Interestingly, I remember reading in Timothy Snyder's _The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569-1999_ that during the Pereyaslav Council of 1654 Khmelnytsky's Cossacks and the representatives of the Russian Tsar discovered they need translators, despite both calling their language "Ruski/Rusky", because the forms that became modern Ukrainian and Russian were already becoming significantly different. I assume that the ending was a foreshadowing of Hasidism, but was the foreboding "for the most part" at 27:22 a foreshadowing of Frankism?

[@SamAronow]

Patience.

[@Ricca_Day]

Excellent historical perspective and observation of the foreshadowing tendency of historical layers.

[@ChillDudelD]

Ukrainian is a bit closer to Polish, by sharing around 70% root words with it, than Russian, which shares only around 60% root words with Ukrainian.

[@Artur_M.]

@@ChillDudelD Yeah, I've heard that Ukrainian shares more vocabulary with Polish than Russian, which is weird because Ukrainian and Russian are classified as East Slavic, while Polish is West Slavic. Maybe that's partially because the modern standard Ukrainian is based on the western dialects, which have the most similarities to Polish? Plus, language is more than just the vocabulary.

[@juniorjames7076]

I taught English in Istanbul, Turkey for 5 years and my favorite area to visit was called Karakoy (lots of hiking/outdoor stores close together among interesting bookstores and pastry shops.) I always assumed the areas' name meant Black/Dark Village since Kara means Black or Dark, and Koy means village in Turkish. But I was later told my some people that Kara came from the name Karaite, and that Karakoy was once a commercial and residential enclave of Karaite Jews up until the late 19th century.

[@nattiedraws]

"Gaza shall be the 5th holy city... No thank you :D" omfg, that got me (so did the "Yes, I'm including the Torah scroll")

[@denizalgazi]

Another wonderful vid, Sam! BTW, Izmir, Turkey is present day Smyrna. My Sefardi ancestors arrived there from Spain following The Expulsion of 1492. I'm assuming they'd have heard of Zvi LOL!

[@SamAronow]

I have been surprised, in my conversations while researching for this video, to find that he is not very well-remembered today. I can't decide whether this is primarily due to the desire to forget him or the ever-frustrating Tanakh-Palmach history curriculum.

[@sammjust2233]

@@SamAronow i read they destroyed bet din records that mentioned his name. it was a very deliberate effort to forget what happened.

[@alicantuncer4800]

@@SamAronow He is very well remembered by Turkish-Sephardic Jews but mostly kept secret from public due to security reasons which you can guess why.

[@bosbanon3452]

Algazi?🤔

[@denizalgazi]

@@bosbanon3452 Yes?

[@martinwilde2578]

Do you plan on covering Jacob Frank on this channel? He lived about a century after Zvi and claimed to be his reincarnation. He was also acquainted with Mayer Amschel, patriarch of the Rothschilds.

[@achaeanmapping4408]

If we are counting the Torah scroll, then he technically had multiple wives at the same time

[@almogz9486]

Which is technically allowed in judaism Jacob had 2 wives king David had many wives and kind Solomon had 700 wives the only reason polygamy is not allowed in judaism is because monogamy is a tradition accepted by the vast majority of the Jewish community (except some yemenite communities)

[@Hmm-xy9qs]

@@almogz9486The fact that biblical figures such as Jacob, David, Salomon and many more practiced polygamy doesn’t mean that the Most High commanded it or was pleased with such practices…

[@almogz9486]

@@Hmm-xy9qs how come god never said anything about that in the bible when Nathan the prophet condemns David for taking bat sheba the reason he gives in his analogy is that of a rich man with lots of sheep taking a sheep from a poor man. The problem in the story isn't that the rich man has tons of sheep but that despite the fact that he does he took the only sheep of a poor man. God specifically condemns David for taking another wife by condemns him not for the action itself but the details of it. If the act of taking another wife in on of itself was wrong the prophet could have just said that instead

[@YarroGr]

The adoption of the printing press by Jews at the time helped their ideas be spared much more easily. Consequently it also made watching your videos even more enjoyable and rewarding because of how everything seems to be so much more connected. Story lines are crossed with each other and affect one another in a way I have never seen. Really enjoyed the last few videos, your work is excellent!

[@SamAronow]

Well, hold on to your hat, because the next video will be the finale of this run of episodes, and *everything* is going to converge on its two central figures.

[@zxera9702]

6:54 your reaction was absolutely hilarious

[@denizbeytekin9853]

I am from Turkey and I often go to İzmir (Smyerna), I would say that the story of Sabatay Sevi is well known among the people here. The curriculum even touches upon him shortly.

[@RushedAnimation]

If he'd been killed instead of imprisoned and converted, I feel like Sabbataism would be a major religion today.

[@kenankara7122]

Maybe it is. Look at the moral decadence.

[@JL-ti3us]

That pause around 7:00 is woefully ironic and tragic given current events.

[@kmmmsyr9883]

Name "Dönme" means convert, which derives from the verb "dön-", meaning "to turn back", in an insulting way (like betrayal). Although Zvi and his followers converted to Islam, they were never welcomed by Turks. Even today, conspiracy theorists in Turkey depict them as people who are conspiring against the country lol. Although these theories aren't really taken seriously, they tell a lot about the impacts of these events on society. Also, a fun fact: Turkish government records the religious beliefs of citizens (originally to identify the Greek and Armenian minorities, since they have some minority rights given by Treaty of Lausanne). And only one person demanded that religion on his ID card changed to Judaism from Islam, saying that he's a dönme. Therefore, the official population of dönme minority in Turkey is 1.

[@marina.chayka]

That's one of the most weird interesting information I've ever heard of. 1 person it's hilarious.

[@marcello7781]

I read about Sabbataism some years ago in a Paul Johnson's book but this video made me remember the essential parts plus learning some new things. Well done!

[@louisvalencia5244]

I didn't even know about this fellow (nor about your channel till today) , but your vid made it so rewarding to watch. This is one of the best history channels I've seen in the platform, the amount of detail and depth in the videos I've seen is astonishing, unlike anything I've seen about the time period. Keep it going man, this is too good.

[@krel4]

This is absolutely my favourite channel with fewer than 10k subscribers. These topics are extremely interesting and your ways of explaining them are amazing. Hope you get 100k more!

[@gibusgamer93]

Honestly, Zvi's story had a surprisingly happy ending for me. Mental illness and geopolitical prominence are a combination that almost always spell disaster for everyone involved, especially in the medieval/early modern period. Being imprisoned instead of executed by Pasa, being allowed to live relatively comfortable exile in future-Montenegro, and died naturally instead of by sword. For a mentally unwell man whose proclamation as messiah was causing riots and religious separatism across the continent during a time as charged with religious violence as the era of the Thirty Years War, that's about as storybook an ending as there is. I'm glad his days ended in peace.

[@eleandrocustodio]

I've watched some other videos about shabtai Zvi but Aronow is by far the most detailed and complete.

[@herjikolbrunarson8385]

Am really starting to love this channel.

[@cekumuro]

i keep listening to all of your videos very informative thank you

[@jasondamodred]

Love all your videos, thanks for the really great content!

[@tamirthedirector]

This is your best video yet! כל הכבוד!

[@thedemongodvlogs7671]

With ashkanazi DNA I am of the understanding that a large amount, not a majority but still a lot, is European due to intermarriage. When did this intermarriage occur? because I can't imagine it being very popular with modern day orthodox Judaism.

[@SamAronow]

It's about equal to the European quotient of Sephardic Jews, is mostly Italian, and dates back to around the 1st century. Can't imagine why...

[@a.maskil9073]

@@SamAronow Love your stuff Sam so don't take my corrections as passive aggressiveness, but this is quite an outdated view.

[@ninjadolphin01]

@@SamAronow as far as I've been able to find the European DNA is mostly matrilineal, so presumably from Jewish men marrying roman women in late antiquity

[@eitanmichaeli6770]

@@SamAronow you can "thank" the roman legion for that

[@esterelina]

I can't with the southern banjo lmao :'DD as soon as that started I knew where you were going next

[@displacerkatsidhe]

Hey Sam! Just wanted to say thank you for all these wonderful videos! I descended from Russian and Ashkenazi Jews who came to America before WWI, and though we disconnected from the religion by the 1950s, rediscovering things I always thought was just strange family traditions are actually Jewish traditions or cultural behaviors, foods, etc has been so enlightening over the years. Your videos have been a wonderful dive into Jewish history I haven't been able to get access to yet, so again, thank you!!

[@dackelachtbeinig2830]

Thanks for your work.

[@scharb]

19:20 "Gaza would be the fifth holy city of Judaism -- no thank you!" It's hard to believe Gaza was once hospitable for Jews, even Ashkenazy Jews like Natan's family. That certainly died with the Hatuels.

[@odokokan]

Gaza used to be a big Jewish city ,actually it was the only city in israel during the Muslim occupation period that didnt needed donations from the diaspora .that died when napoleon invaded,many years before Tali Hatuele and her daughters RIP

[@patrickkelmer6290]

I think this is your best video so far.

[@Alex.HFA1]

I was today years old when I learned about Romaniote Jews. Really, we contain multitudes! Also, Shabai Zvi's story is a wild ride. The axe episode should be borrowed in some fiction or other!

[@SamAronow]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/oqGummiqor-JiM0

[@raphaellagnado2082]

That "nice" in the subtitles after 1569 did not go unnoticed

[@lewiakk5844]

9:02 its hillel the younger not the elder also great video as always it literally gets better every time.

[@mojahangard]

Mate, I love your videos. Subscribed! Thank you so much.

[@senttiee]

The Alabama banjo music that starts playing when discussing our polish ancestors was hilarious. We're all like, 30th cousins I guess.

[@zacharytrosch3406]

6:57 - Yep, we're all thinking it.

[@yaltschuler]

"bruh"

[@mashkanyc]

What a great video!! And def laughed enough times 🤣🤣

[@CivilWarWeekByWeek]

Dang it Zvi you were this close

[@Yitzhak480]

do really want this guy as your king?

[@Aellef]

I'm binging this series and I must say that I have found it to be impressively informative. It's been quite an eye-opener to someone who's connection to Judaism has been largely a vague familial experience (My paternal grandmother was the last practicing Jew in the family until she married my grandfather some 60 years ago). Thank you for your work. "You must struggle to truly remember this past in all its nuance, error, and humanity. You must resist the common urge toward the comforting narrative of divine law, toward fairy tales that imply some irrepressible justice. The enslaved were not bricks in your road, and their lives were not chapters in your redemptive history." ~Ta-Nahesi Coates, Between the World and Me

[@mikeoxsmal8022]

2:49 Alabama and the Habsburg approve.

[@lrt_unimog8316]

And Norfolk, and Tas too….

[@Merle1987]

I love how buddy looks skeptical/disappointed for the whole video.

[@navetal]

8:16 This came out of the left field... I don't think you ever mentioned the Romaniotes before, at least not by this name.

[@SamAronow]

I explained them fairly thoroughly in "The Adventures of Benjamin of Tudela," but it was not a very popular video.

[@navetal]

@@SamAronow Ooh, right... It's been a while since I watched that video, and it was so jam-packed it must have slipped my mind.

[@danido9938]

@@SamAronow you could mention it again in the next corrections video as a reminder

[@pbjbagel]

0:07 Interesting pronunciation of "vast!" Great video!

[@TheBurg229]

"I'm going to depose the Ottoman Caliph. This is what I call a pro-gamer move"

[@arrow1414]

The banjo music was a nice touch.🤣

[@igor-yp1xv]

This episode has been wild, lol

[@geoffreydonaldson2984]

When talking about Russian Orthodox counterbalancing “Catholic” Poles, it’s best to say “Roman Catholic” because the Russian Orthodox Church is also catholic-it’s just not Roman Catholic.

[@Duiker36]

There are actually even more catholic churches than the big two; it's just that most of them are so small they don't matter. This is, of course, the profoundest irony since the entire point of using "catholic" as an adjective is to say it's the umbrella for everything.

[@geoffreydonaldson2984]

@@Duiker36 admittedly, I still have to refer to my Christian denominational chart to keep them all straight. Most churches which call themselves “catholic” probably believe they ARE Catholic-at least the only legitimate one, the others being under the umbrella in a state of graceful ignorance, I guess.

[@kenankara7122]

Oh, come on, don't split those hairs now.

[@geoffreydonaldson2984]

@@kenankara7122 Come, now! It can’t really be hairsplitting when there are many other kinds of Catholic too. Okay, maybe a tiny bit- but not much. Coulda said more. Just sayin’, z’all.

[@yohanahramen6756]

Why is it the funniest thing at 6:49 when his face pops up and he just says nothing? 😂

[@DJArmando77]

I didn't know some Benveniste families changed there name to Epstien and Horwitz I thought only some of the Ha-Levi family Spain did. I have both names in my genealogy.

[@jeremyyusufov7150]

“I couldn’t imagine what’s that like” in the new “we need to acknowledge that Persia exists”

[@isaacverhelst3983]

Love the banjo 😂😂

[@gazathelittle3367]

The banjo im dying here 😂

[@walemaa5631]

One correction on cossacks: Khmelnytskyy didn't represent the Zaporozhians. Contrary -- his new state, the Hetmanate, was hostile towards Zaporozhian Sich, even tho several years before Zaporozhians helped him in his war. Thus, there were two independent cossack states, which later had a wild history together and politics between and around them.

[@AANG207]

watching while eating spicy food knowing full well my ashki stomach can’t take it: I love this banjo background music!

[@SamAronow]

Apparently Sephardim have IBS too. And it is a nerve disorder, so it doesn't really matter what you eat. I grew up eating basically nothing but spicy food. Lactose intolerance, however; that's just a "vast majority of non-Europeans" thing.

[@pedroledoux9779]

Shabatai was born in 9 av. This 9av was a saturday thus he had this name. The gematry of the name Shabatai Tzvi is the same as Elshaday as a result Shabatai and Natan concluded that Shabatai is God, he is the Messiah. Natan of Gaza and Shabatai made an huge usage of Kaballah. Probably this is the reason why Kaballah has become so restrict

[@ee99858]

Sam uploaded a new video - like it and then watch it :)

[@sdelmonte]

There of course remains a big split about the concept of a messiah within Orthodox Judaism. We all believe he will come as per Maimonides, but is he a mystic figure a la Shabtei Tzvi? Or a political figure? You could argue that Bibi had a better claim on the title than the Lubavitcher Rebbe, but even people who call him King Bibi aren’t saying that while thousands of Hasidim still think a man dead twenty years is messiah.

[@lrt_unimog8316]

Similarly, on Reddit I recall someone saying DBG fulfilled certain messianic conditions-perhaps even more than Bibi?

[@SamAronow]

Confession: I misread "DBG" as "DBZ."

[@marksimons8861]

Another thrilling instalment of diasporic history.

[@theklorg305]

6:55 Never heard that before..........

[@condor237]

He was the Messiah we just weren’t ready

[@TheKimels]

Someone needs to make a movie about that dude

[@GundiMike]

"This is gonna get a little uncomfortable." Oh? *ohhhhhh*

[@Yitzhak480]

I wanna say it's your best video yet, but i like Agrippa and the Rambam so much that their videos are first for me, anyway, the video was really good and the most interesting video for me personally in the late period (except the Rambam video cause Rambam) I wanted to ask, our last 2 videos were kinda longer then the rest of the series, is it just for those 2, or it's gonna be like the episode of John Hyrcanus and that will be the new normal? same thing about the time between episodes, is it gonna be 3 weeks now or it just was a one time thing? last thing: Is the shadowed character Israel Ba'al Shem tov, cause if yes oh boy, Hasidism evreybody!

[@SamAronow]

My schedule is to release a video twice a month, which is not necessarily the same as every two weeks. And these two videos were simply as long as they needed to be.

[@Yitzhak480]

@@SamAronow Oh ok then, good luck with the making of the next vidoes!

[@Yitzhak480]

@@SamAronow i understand why you deleted that comment, sorry if it was too much

[@Tounushi]

Why does the Sabattean Frenzy sound like some midwestern Judgement Day frenzy? Anticipation for the Rapture, selling one's possessions before Doomsday (most likely to the ministers who suggest this course of action), etc.

[@weirdlanguageguy]

6:55 sounds very familiar after September 30, 2022

[@Rickyrab]

I didn't know Bohdan Khmelnytsky had something to do with New Netherlands gobbling up New Sweden. Interesting

[@kseneca75]

2:50 all rise for the anthem of Alabama

[@barneyblimp1498]

Great video, though what’s with the guy in the green shirt

[@exploreyourdreamlife]

Interesting use of banjo music

[@D_R757]

Jewish Poland was the OG Alabama

[@AMRPK]

There I was thinking Brian of Nazareth was the Messiah. Merely a very naughty boy!

[@shemuelthesabbatian1254]

represent yo

[@varana]

21:50 Both newspapers refer to Shabtai Zvi as "the King of the Jews". Did Shabtai Zvi claim that "political" title, or is that just the Christian observers describing his messianic claim? (Or his actual claim getting lost in transmission?)

[@SamAronow]

They were historically synonymous.

[@DomainofKnowlegdia]

Judaism has changed and evolved over time since the destruction of the second temple many came who claimed themselves to be the messiah anointed one.

[@Mark761966]

What a nice Vizier

[@saada.3747]

Al Muqadimmah sent me.

[@shpilbass5743]

Have you watched אגדת חורבן? if so, what did you think of it?

[@JJFresh206]

@3:24 Does this not account for the Jewish populations in southern America and Caribbean islands? I know these weren't countries but I recall reading there being a population of around 200,000 or so around this time period.

[@SamAronow]

No, because those people were no longer Jewish. There are also doubts about those numbers, since people of Jewish descent in Spain and Portugal were normally banned from settling the New World.

[@noahfleming2765]

Hey sam mentioned riots in morocco and bohemia being put down by the army. But i cant find any reference to that. Does anyone have any further information?

[@SamAronow]

It was mentioned in my main source, Gershom Scholem's book, which is linked in the description. Unfortunately for most of my viewers, there's a lot in the book that relies on primary sources that have never been translated into English- a very common occurrence when covering this period.

[@DSAK55]

sounds like the plot of The Producers

[@SomasAcademy]

This doesn't actually have anything to do with the video, but I just noticed how you pronounce certain words with long "ah" sounds when they would typically be pronounced with a short "a" in either a general American or New York accent, like "after" and "class". Is your original accent American?

[@SamAronow]

This is like a mix of my native accent, but it is the way I've basically always spoken as an adult. They are both American accents. I'll have to explain this at some point, won't I?

[@SomasAcademy]

@@SamAronow Perhaps so! I was just curious because you sound very American overall - sometimes more General American, sometimes more New York - but that one little feature stands out to me as unique. I once asked someone with a mostly English sounding accent about a few hints of Irish in some of their words, only to find out they were originally Dutch, so I didn't want to assume it was a regionalism - accents are an interesting thing!

[@shemuelthesabbatian1254]

I myself am actually a sabbatian, pretty based to see a video like this lol

[@slappy8941]

He wasn't the Messiah! He was a very naughty boy!

[@kaylablum]

Oh boy, here comes Rav Emden

[@leanderbarreto6523]

3:16 oh Bloomberg

[@Meirstein]

Virgin Sabbatean vs Chad Frankist

[@Perririri]

Normie

[@Arturino_Burachelini]

4:27 - where did you get the "russian-speaking" claim? I do not know of that

[@lrt_unimog8316]

19:20 The irony! What would Haniyeh think?

[@alicantuncer4800]

Sam Aronow, I hope you will see this comment. There is a book called Evet Ben Selanikliyim written by Ilgaz Zorlu. It is about followers of Shabtai Zvi in Turkey. Ilgaz Zorlu is also his follower afaik. The book also includes essays written by other Turkish authors, journalists etc. I don't know if it translated into English though. You can find the Turkish version online as a pdf ebook form and perhaps use google translate. However, google translate is not so accurate when it comes to translating Turkish into English. So in case you need a more precise translation of certain parts, feel free to reach me. I will gladly translate them to you as best as I can in my free time. Hope you will see my message. Cheers!

[@alicantuncer4800]

@@LüzumluTarih Konuyla alakasiz olacak ama aklima KZbin'da su baslikli video geldi "Maxwell's Passover Seder with Turkish Brigade Officers in Korea".

[@matthewpopp1054]

What’s the name of the music at end credits??

[@kellyodowd3949]

I find it very interesting that he was possibly bi polar, because Kanye West decided to come to a strange epiphany in 2022, and has been a modern day pop culture ye....maybe he's channeling him? J/k. I have no idea, I just picked up learning about random religions as a hobby. I apologize if I have offended anyone.

[@condor237]

The 350 is just those who are detectible today. More realistically the population was around 3 to 4000

[@ikengaspirit3063]

Yeah, 350 is just ridiculous. My source "Some Fundamentals of Jewish Demographic History" by S. Della Pergola, 2001." gives it as 90,000 in 1490 and 573,000 in 1700 in Eastern Europe and 510,000 in 1490 and 146,000 in 1700 for Western Europe. What's your source?.

[@eliyabarzel9871]

תעשה סרטון על האם דרך המשי הייתה גם ברומא