A lot of climate deniers have left offensive comments on this video. This video is not for those people. It's for those who accept that action needs to be taken on climate change. I made this video to offer you some positivity and solutions, so let's kindly share our thoughts and help each other out :) Also, I made a mistake in the video. The current sea-level rise is closer to 0.14 inches or 1/8th inches per year (The Royal Society, 2020) rather than 3-4 inches, but the message in the video is the same.
@patrickoconnor38442 жыл бұрын
Chicagoan here. Totally agree, we won't be overcome by ocean-level rise or destroyed by forest fires, but I can remember a week in 1995 when we had 105 degrees and fog (750 people died that week. So we're not weatherproof.)
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
@@azmachinist2421 That’s odd. I still appreciate your words :)
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
@@azmachinist2421 Yeah I believe it, but my goal is to give solutions rather than bad news.
@stone.durfey58622 жыл бұрын
Kindness is also in short supply...thank you for your kindness😊
@ChrisBrown-pu8sm2 жыл бұрын
Aman I'm proud of your statement. Yes it's offensive and disrespectful. Unfortunately the trash is the only place for unwarranted opinions.
@star-cursed2 жыл бұрын
A month ago I moved from the Canadian Prairies to the mostly intact temperate rainforest in Northern BC to escape extreme weather. So far the difference is stunning, the weather here is just so...moderate. The extremes are less extreme and don't last for nearly as long. Everything is lush from frequent light rains, but the elevation is high enough that flooding is less likely, and sea level rise won't impact large tracts of land either. Moving is stupidly expensive and a headache but I feel like I'm in paradise now instead of the flames of hell lol
@larragunn28092 жыл бұрын
I’ve grew up in Denver and lived in Santa Fe, Nn for many years..I first noticed the extreme intensity of the sun about 18 years ago in Santa Fe, 7000 feet elevation now in Colorado the same intensity..maybe your being that much farther north is the difference, but we’re getting cooked bc we’re that much closer to the sun..what is your elevation??
@star-cursed2 жыл бұрын
@@larragunn2809 70m / 230f, I'm fairly close to the coast here. The sun can feel fairly intense here but there's a lot of mitigation too like the frequent light rains and large swathes of trees and many creeks and rivers to help dissipate the heat.
@TheJust22az2 жыл бұрын
I've lived in Phoenix for many years now but looking to move to NC. A more pressing issue for us is that we are running out of water and electricity, and it is only going to get hotter due to urban heat islands.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Dang that’s scary to hear. Well I hope you get to move to NC! It’s definitely not as hot there haha
@jalicea16502 жыл бұрын
North Carolina is not a good state. Unless you plan on dying before 2050. Most of the South will be unlivable. Same with Arizona. In fact, the only regions on this continent that will survive 3-4C is the Northeast, Midwest by the great lakes and Alaska. Choose wisely and if you're under 50 consider the Northern states if you're over 50 and don't plan on living past 2045+ then move South, but plan accordingly. Much of the continent will be ravaged by climate change.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
@@jalicea1650 Not the best state for the long term, but it may be fine for him in the short term at least.
@ChrisBrown-pu8sm2 жыл бұрын
I've always thought that I'm smarter and don't need to learn something new until I started watching this video. I'm proud to comment thank you. Knowledge is important and I'd rather know than not.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
No problem. I’m always learning something new as well :)
@danielgrubb96682 жыл бұрын
I agree that the Great Lakes region is the best place to escape the worst effects of climate change. However, I don’t think an area’s decarbonization politics is a relevant factor. A hurricane doesn’t care.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Sure, it won't stop disasters, but I do think it reflects how much people care about climate change and their willingness to help out when needed, which is necessary during a crisis.
@aaronfranklin3242 жыл бұрын
Pffft! Yeah, that's why the US navy has maps of how the US will look in a decade from now with an Inland sea from the gulf of Mexico to Hudson Bay, with the whole great-lakes area underwater. Simple. Greenland pops up as it explosively Volcanically deglaciates. Fluid hydrated deep mantle melt conduits connecting the magmatic superplume underlying Greenland to Iceland and the Great lakes plume, suck down that part of the continent. And Iceland and western Europe.
@fenimo562 жыл бұрын
Never leaving Vermont.
@Patrick_Ross2 жыл бұрын
All of the West is not off limits. Here on Puget Sound in Western Washington, wildfires are a rarity and we generally have abundant rains keeping our reservoirs and aquifers near full. Air quality is better than most parts of the U.S. and the climate is moderate. I’ve only had to turn my AC unit on twice thus far this summer.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
That's promising. I'm sure there are specific locations that would be fine, but I made this video from a broad perspective.
@bradk73102 жыл бұрын
I have lived in the same city all my life and the past climate has been actually worse than the last 50 years according to the records. As far as your statement on Hurricanes, the number of major Hurricanes that hit the US are declining and overall we are seeing less hurricanes hitting the gulf coast and east coast.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well we cannot bank on hurricanes becoming less of a threat as long as average temperatures continue to go up
@warrenpeece17262 жыл бұрын
Great advice! I'm sure that Al Gore and Barak Obama would have not purchased their beach houses had they seen this video!
@rapauli2 жыл бұрын
DUDE - your gotta correct the sea level rise prediction... this year it was about 0.14 inches per year -- about a 1/8th of an inch per year ... and probably in the life-time of any young person alive today will see it rising exponentially - different scenarios -- to a horrific 2 to 3 feet per decade. And there is no stopping sea level rise (unless there is a big volcano, an mile -wide meteor or some kind of magical invention ) We may see 2 to 3 inches of increased tidal surges -- but that may not be every year. You might provide a source for that anyway
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well, different sources give different numbers, but the message is the same. Regardless of how fast it rises, it is best to stay away from the coastlines in the long term.
@redneckguy21692 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra Tell that to Al Gore or Barack Obama
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
@@redneckguy2169 I'm on it.
@ChrisBrown-pu8sm2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for sharing your information.
@haisheauspforte16322 жыл бұрын
Glad to live in Northern Germany. Yes it has been a bit dryer than the last years and sea level rise could destroy parts of the coastline, but there are not too big threats from wildfires, extreme heat or floods. Whenever I drive to other regions of Germany, especially the central eastern regions, I immediately notice the high amount of dead trees. Germany has experienced a heavy drought the last year, but it has been much less severe here at the coast
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
That’s really interesting. I’ll have to do more research on non US locations!
@alistairbolden63402 жыл бұрын
I think Germany is a very bad idea as its unable to support its own energy need. Your much better off in any of the Nordic nations, Norway being the hardest to move to but also the best place to live even without any climent issues. Ireland and the UK are also far better options than the USA or Germany tho not on the same level as Norway.
@haisheauspforte16322 жыл бұрын
@@alistairbolden6340 that's true until you consider European integration, countries can share Energy with each other. When there is few wind power produced it could be an exceptional sunny day in Spain. And to be honest, it does not really matter too much if all the energy is provided domestically or if some of it is imported. Europe is too densely populated to be self sufficient with renewables in the near future, but i would prefer the temperate climate of central/northern Europe (where Northern Germany happens to be located in) over most other regions of the world. And yes, Germany as a whole has still a long way to go, but the regional differences are extreme: Some northern states produce 3-4 times as much renewable energy as they need (like the state where I live) while some states in the west don't have much at all
@aiartrelaxation2 жыл бұрын
If it's not the climate it's the War next door..Europe is the last place I would feel safe right now. Hope you make it good through the Winter.
@ia80182 жыл бұрын
The only safe places I can think about in Europe are Scandinavia, northern Great Britain, and Iceland.
@crowbird2132 жыл бұрын
Great Lakes region climate has changed a lot in the past few years. Summers have been really humid and wetter. Falls are way warmer. Summerlike actually. Early winter is mild with no snow. But we've been hit with blizzards in late February/early March. Overall much better and closer to Atlanta weather. I'll take it.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well better for people may not necessarily mean better for nature, but I’m glad you’re liking it.
@mckenziepeterson75272 жыл бұрын
great video aman! I think alot of plp found this video helpful. NC is still good on raining daily right now haha
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Hopefully it goes away soon
@aiartrelaxation2 жыл бұрын
Good summary 👍 the only problem is that we don't have enough room to fit all the rest of the United States into the Midwest. Can you imagine how crowded it would be. I think that in the current times plus future outlooks...our civilization is just doomed...you can run but can't hide. So, enjoy each and every day to the fullest.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Yeah, it's unfortunate, but I think it's best to make the most of the situation rather than feeling hopeless.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
The midwest could support 100s of millions
@crowbird2132 жыл бұрын
Canada has a lot of land.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
@@crowbird213 not a lot of it is useful unfortunately
@bilahn11982 жыл бұрын
So glad I live in Minnesota! Winters are very coldbut just dress warm and enjoy it. We're escaping the worst of the heat. The only thing I worry about is tornadoes. And we don't get as many as further South.. The shore of Lake Superior is heaven.
@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang8852 жыл бұрын
this vid is naive. Northern Minnesota is already 2 degree Celsius above global average. The ARctic is warming 5 times faster than the rest of the planet. Things will soon dramatically change. The grain growing can not happen above 104 F. oops. There's an ESAS methane bomb and the Aerosol Masking Effect is twice as bad as previously thought. The person making this vid is obviously clueless about the real ecological crisis. Minnesota is no safe haven. haha.
@francisrobindaine-duchesne60952 жыл бұрын
Crazy how I think Montreal is getting too hot in the summer and that I think of moving north.
@ia80182 жыл бұрын
Every time a number appears on screen, I automatically think it's a Grindr notification 😂😂
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Haha I’ll have to get a different sound 😂
@chicagonorthcoast2 жыл бұрын
It needs to be said that the areas most endangered by climate change never were good places to build large settlements, and the huge urban areas that have grown up in the desert states, in the fire belts of the western states, and along flood-prone coasts, have never been sustainable and exist only because of hundreds of billions in insurance subsidies, irrigation dams, and other taxpayer-financed inducements to unwise development in high-hazard areas. We have all been already paying to keep these places barely habitable, at the expense of the places, like the old Midwestern and Northeastern cities, that are intrinsically more livable, with ample fresh water, absence of extreme weather hazards, and well above sea level. Time to repopulate the cities we decimated and depopulated over the past 75 years.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
I totally agree, but we have had our motives for moving wherever we find opportunity. Now these opportunities will be limited in the age of climate change, so we should find new ones in safer areas like those you mentioned!
@joannabusinessaccount72932 жыл бұрын
It’s not just the tax and political incentives that have motivated people to climate unsafe places Please remember, people love temperate and warm climates, they don’t want to deal with rain and snow, they like to be around beaches, they like to be able to live in the wild and incredibly redwoods and big trees that offer breathtaking views, and they like to be able to take a shorter flight to Asia. These beautiful but climate-dangerous area places are absolutely gorgeous.
@stone.durfey58622 жыл бұрын
There is no place you can move that will not be affected by climate change. That is why must do all we can, each and every one of us...we can not stop it but maybe stall it. The lesson we all need to learn is that if we were all the move to another planet. Is that unless we change our ways, the next planet will be distroyed as well. This planet can heal if we move quickly enough. Left on its own it would heal, maybe slowly. We distroy things at the moment it's our planet and our lives.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Love this!
@kennyalternative2 жыл бұрын
Up in to the Mountains. Any Mountains. It's alot cooler for one and to high to flood.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Not a bad idea
@bassplayermarty60322 жыл бұрын
Build a dome home out of concrete…! The info has been out there for years get on the bandwagon to be one of the smart ones… Fire proof, earthquake proof bug proof hurricane proof etc. etc.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Interesting
@stone.durfey58622 жыл бұрын
But not flood proof.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
Very unnecessary and VERY costly
@SuperVlerik2 жыл бұрын
Of course if there's a tsunami of people moving to the Midwest and Great Lakes, the sheer numbers of people will crash the regional air, soils, waters, biodiversity..... It would be essential for the region to plan and design for that now.
@jenniferrice58772 жыл бұрын
Ohio is right on a faultline that encompasses 90% of the state. So earthquakes are on the rise here. I speak from experience as I live here. There was also talk of a contamination of drinking water through natural disaster or failing infrastructure or otherwise. Michigan has already seen this. We would not be able to support a major influx. Nor would there be enough food, water, hospitals, roadways etc. But, I agree with alot of what you brought
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well the good news is that climate change and earthquakes are not really related, but at the same time, I’d find it intimidating to live in a geologically active area.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
Earthquakes might be on the rise but they are extremely weak the strongest ones are barely felt
@caroleekeith28232 жыл бұрын
When people can no longer work together to help each other survive, perhaps it's time for extinction. Greed destroys everything.
@ravenfirestone31302 жыл бұрын
Why does everyone think the great lakes region won't have flooding, when sea levels rise? THE ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY. It will flood.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well it will, just not as much as the coastlines
@sorrywrongplanet88732 жыл бұрын
Toronto has had a little more flooding from heavy rains in the last decade but otherwise it’s been a good place to watch the apocalypse unfold from.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
I live in the midwest near lake erie which is at around 570 ft above sea level but u need to understand the land just a few miles inland rises hundreds of feet above the level of the lakes
@christinearmington2 жыл бұрын
Still on the fence. Very serious, and went looking in the Midwest three years ago. Hard to pull the trigger.
@gcb47632 жыл бұрын
Moving to the Midwest may be okay for a few, but if 330 million people headed there, forget about a house and enough food to eat. One of the biggest issues for the future may be stopping refugees, including wealthy western people seeking a safe future.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
That’s definitely true. I’m sure there’s other places in the world outside of the US that we will have to think about as well, but more than anything, we need to be mindful of our choices now and how they may change during a potential crisis
@jannibal92732 жыл бұрын
"Wealthy western people?" And who might those be - people from California? For pete's sake, they're buying up Texas and soon Texas will be a blue state.
@ChrisBrown-pu8sm2 жыл бұрын
Wow, what you wrote is coming true. It's incredible how comfortable we become while experiencing our own demise.
@voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang8852 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra we have about five years left of "civilization" (that was an oxymoron anyway). Grain growing will soon not be possible. With no food grown at scale then the nuclear power plants will melt down. The ozone will disappear.
@ericwilliams83712 жыл бұрын
What do people think about higher elevation areas of the Pacific NW that are close to but not directly on the coast? I'm thinking the Seattle and Portland suburbs. There are still wildfires and sea level rise there, but if you're high enough in elevation and not way up in the mountains, that seems pretty good to me!
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
It may be fine from disasters, but you also need access to water, food, and other resources. That’s the uncertainty I have, but maybe you know more than I do
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
The midwest has an average elevation of 500-1500 ft above sea level but in a topography to allow for large scale farming
@Patrick_Ross2 жыл бұрын
The Puget Sound region of Washington is ideal. Few wildfires, abundant water and moderate climate. Portland gets much hotter during the summer months compared to Puget Sound. As you mentioned, don’t live right on the water.
@Jillworrell222 жыл бұрын
Need to take in acct for volcano 🌋 in yellow stone
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Luckily that is extremely unlikely to erupt
@ianlacey65882 жыл бұрын
Always nice to see someone admit mistakes. Are you familiar with Professor Lovelock, and George Monbiot?
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
I am not. I looked them up and they are both from the UK, while I am from the US. I will definitely read more about them though! You should give us more suggestions haha
@ianlacey65882 жыл бұрын
Professor Lovelock has published several books on the subject. He’s almost as much in purdah as the deniers because he reckons money and resources should be directed towards ‘managed decline’. Monbiot is an author and journalist. His writings address both climate and political crisis. Again, marginalised because he’s not ‘on-script’ On KZbin you should find Johnathan Pie. The video he made at COP26 happens to feature Monbiot. Fair warning, Pie is somewhat foul-mouthed.
@aaronfranklin3242 жыл бұрын
Very bad idea being anywhere near the Great lakes. As Greenland explosively Volcanically deglaciates, it pops up, and the Great lakes region suddenly sinks. May also rapidly build a new icesheet over it too. It's called the final Dryas.
@Patrick_Ross2 жыл бұрын
Humans will have long been extinct before anything like that happens.
@alistairbolden63402 жыл бұрын
Your best bet is north west Europe. Sea level rise is not much of a problem unless your nation has not properly inested in coastle defences. The USA has not. Something important you missed, is the nations merchant fleet size, the biggest the trade fleet you have the more able to get any resources effected by climent change from other places around the world. It would also be worth picking a government that you think is less corrupted to pay your taxes into. The USA is the worst nation on earth for corporate corruption. You are pretty much just handing your tax to a car manufacturer.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
That’s a great point. Maybe I’ll make a future video of the best countries to move to. Do you live in northwest Europe?
@alistairbolden63402 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra I move around because of my profession. I'm English so yes to your question, currently I live in Prague. I own properly in Gorlitz also tho, and lived within Saxony for a few years. Imo The nations that are less connected to the EU such as Norway and the UK will fair much better in the years to come, because Germany and France will have to support the nations like Italy and Spain that will be very badly effected by climent change. Norway has its own energy, has very few people to feed and almost never has extreme or abnormal weather. The UK is similar, if the world was to get 3c hotter or colder it would not effect anyone living in the UK much at all. The USA is going to see endless migration from Mexico and many of the southern states and while not effected directly living in the north west, they will still put immense strain on the American economy and servies. I also think the USA has made itself a target, it's generally disliked world wide by other nations and seen as an oppressor by many. We all know the world is getting less and less stable, the hunger for recoures is only going to increase. While many EU nations do take the same stance as the USA on many issues and often enter the same wars, they do so as supporting partners prefering to let the US take the lead and the backlash. As such they are a good deal less likely to be the target of reprisals. Outside of climent change food standards in the USA are the lowest in almost the entire world, not just the first world, Ethiopia has better food standards. As such I find the USA to be a very unwize place to raise a child or live at all, life expectancy in the USA is very low, it has been going down and neither party has any intention of doing what would be needed to improve the quality of life and living standards of their people. Sorry to beat up on the USA like this but I really see no way anyone could place any part of the USA in the top 50 places to live in the world, unless you are very wealthy. Its infrastructure is horrible, it has mass shottings every other week, and its a federal republic meaning you as a voter have almost no influence over your own governance. The people you elect at the local level have very little say compared to a real democracy. Corruption has been designed into the American system via lobbyists and the parties having to use private funding to pay for campaigns and propaganda, as such the will of international corporations and religious organizations have much more impact on your day-to-day life than they should have. This effects everything from your horrible city planning laws, designed to force car use to the structure and content of your childrens education, the air and water quality and the gun culture. All factors of American life are more impected by private profit motivated companies than the people who work for them or the adverage American voter.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Yes, I do think other countries will handle climate change better than we will. I would have thought of Switzerland off the top of my head but Norway and the UK make more sense too. The US response to COVID was awful in my opinion, so I don't think climate change will go much better. And don't worry about hating on the US. I very much understand the corruption we have. Most of us take everything from a capitalistic approach. That's why food standards, education, and health care are a total mess here, among many other challenges. I went vegan 3 years ago and it was one of the best choices I ever made.
@alistairbolden63402 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra I was very negative in my post but with the all that down side has some up also, no matter how unstable the world gets in future I don't see the USA ever being invaded, while I can see production changing, the growth of Almonds for example as they are a very water hungry crop, the USA should never have issues with lack of food or energy production. The USA is in a very strong strategic position, and still holds massive influences over South American and European nations. It just really needs to take steps to limit corruption and put a leash on its form of capitalism. The UK the original capitalist suffered for hundreds of years under uncontrolled greed, we even had private militarys in the form of the East India Company slaughting tens of thousands of people around the world. We were both the main force trying to stop the global slave trade and the main slave transporter. The USA is still very young, Its really still even trying to form the American identity, America has such great potential I just wish it would look at the mistakes of the past and learn from them.
@alistairbolden63402 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra Switzerland is an expensive place to live, it lacks the food production to support a large population but its extremely high quality of life, great education and total lack of crime should not be taken for granted. However its right in the middle of a mountian region, I fear that such places will be very effected by climent change. Most of the water supply comes from the local mountians, as they get less snow that could become a problem in future.
@clark-s1o2 жыл бұрын
Improvise, Adapt, Overcome!!!😂
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Hahaha
@jannibal92732 жыл бұрын
Yes, move if you want to survive. Consider Russia, China, North Korea, Turkey or try the Philippines.
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Yes, I understand that not everyone can move, but unfortunately I can’t help everyone. For those who can move, they need to take the opportunity
@jalicea16502 жыл бұрын
If you are going to move, we should be accurate. On the North American continent assuming 3-4C the only areas that will be able to sustain large populations of humans will be Canada. The Great Lakes/Midwest states, and the Northeast particularly Western/Northern New England and of course Alaska. If you live in Asia the only viable regions assuming 4C will be Russia and Korea. China will see their rivers run dry and their populations are unsustainable since they depend on the snowpack from the Himalayas to feed their rivers and in turn their people. Turkey is not likely to survive in fact nowhere in the Middle East shall survive in large numbers. On the European continent there are only Nordic states and ironically UK. Southern EU is doomed specifically Italy, Spain, much of France, Greece, and Turkey. On the African continent only the central part of the continent shall survive and maybe the Southern tip. On the South American continent move to Argentina and sadly leave to West Antartica.
@draggy65442 жыл бұрын
Russia is an economic nightmare china is facing far worse climate issues than the us (i am gonna skip NK cause thats dumb) turkey is in the later stages of becoming a dictatorship and the philippines are very prone to cyclones
@hawkeize2 жыл бұрын
Living in Cheltenham U.K., I’m certainly noticing changes in temperature 🤒, luckily I’m not near the coast, quite central within the U.K. but due to other people migrating to areas that are more suitable to climate change is going to put pressure on resources, which is my greatest concern for my town and county
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Yeah it’s definitely concerning. We may have to stock up as much as possible in the coming years!
@hawkeize2 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra thanks for you comment, I feel that China 🇨🇳 gets the blame for climate change, due to the fact they are developing quickly, their no more responsible then any other nation in terms of wanting to improve their living standards, but everyone likes a bogeyman, funny isn’t it people are more then happy to buy products from China because they are cheap but if another was producing them at a more expensive price would people be complaining then? You know they would🙂 have a good day 👍
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
@@hawkeize It’s a scam for the US to believe that we are not the ones at fault for climate change. As long as we make excuses, it’s not going to get better. We need action more than anything
@hawkeize2 жыл бұрын
@@AmanLuthra 🍎
@gzcwnk2 жыл бұрын
LOL, simple, not USA....(I am in NZ)
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
How bad are the impacts there?
@budjameson28762 жыл бұрын
The sea level in Gloucester Mass has not changed in 49 years.... NOT 1 "INCH !
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well that’s good to hear for now, but nothing is guaranteed in the future. Keep your guard up.
@jannibal92732 жыл бұрын
Goody for you. Think that will last? Think again.
@steven43152 жыл бұрын
Some places seem just fine. Florida seems to be having trouble though.
@jcmboyle2 жыл бұрын
aka Climate Engineering
@AmanLuthra2 жыл бұрын
Well, that's important for sure, but there are other actions needed as well.